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EDITORIALS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

Editorial: Improving Quantitative Science in PRPER: Comments from the Statistical Modeling Review Committee

Andrew Heckler, Rachel Henderson, Eric Kuo, Jayson Nissen, Tim Stelzer, and Bethany Wilcox

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020001 (2025) - Published 7 August, 2025

HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES

Surveying the state of writing education in physics and astronomy

Briley L. Lewis

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020146 (2025) - Published 20 November, 2025

An online survey of preparation for writing in physics indicates uneven preparation for disciplinary writing, drawing heavily on prior experience such as K-12 classes.

Evaluating GPT- and reasoning-based large language models on Physics Olympiad problems: Surpassing human performance and implications for educational assessment

Paul Tschisgale, Holger Maus, Fabian Kieser, Ben Kroehs, Stefan Petersen, and Peter Wulff

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020115 (2025) - Published 13 August, 2025

ChatGPT 4o outperformed humans on problem solving on German Physics Olympiad problems.

Recitation tasks revamped? Students’ perceptions of smartphone-based experimental and programming tasks in introductory mechanics

Simon Zacharias Lahme, Dominik Dorsel, Heidrun Heinke, Pascal Klein, Andreas Müller, Christoph Stampfer, and Sebastian Staacks

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020110 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

After implementing nine smartphone based researchers found students to have better affective outcomes and increased agency as compared to those who went through programming tasks.

Motivating reflection in problem solving: Homework corrections in upper-division physics courses

Molly Griston and Bethany R. Wilcox

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020113 (2025) - Published 30 July, 2025

Three case studies of students making homework corrections indicate that students see the benefits, but also struggled to identify their errors.

Solution evaluation strategies used by first-year physics students

Abolaji R. Akinyemi, Michael E. Loverude, and John R. Thompson

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020114 (2025) - Published 11 August, 2025

Evaluating introductory physics student solution checking, the authors find that mostly students do not use evaluation strategies, but when they do, they use three primary strategies.

Bridging the novice-expert gap: The role of inhibitory control and interventions in overcoming buoyancy misconceptions

Yushan Xiong, Jialan Liu, Jiejie Lai, Tongyi Zheng, Xuhuai Qu, Qiuye Li, Yi Zhong, Lei Bao, and Shaona Zhou

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020120 (2025) - Published 5 September, 2025

Novice problem solvers are shown to have longer reaction times in problem solving settings, suggesting effortful inhibitory control over misconceptions.

Navigating the adoption of research-based instructional strategies within the complex nature of higher education

Yessi Affriyenni, Helen Georgiou, and Noah Finkelstein

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020124 (2025) - Published 9 September, 2025

A study of the adoption of Research-Based Instructional Strategies offers new insights into the interplay of personal agency, collaborative teaching structures, and systemic influences and suggests that instructional change frameworks should address institutional inertia and structural barriers to reform.

Astronomy identity framework for undergraduate students and researchers

Zachary Richards and Angela M. Kelly

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020127 (2025) - Published 16 September, 2025

Drawing on interviews with astronomy students the authors establish an astronomy identity framework with six constructs.

Landscape of quantum information science and engineering education: From physics foundations to interdisciplinary frontiers

A. R. Piña, Shams El-Adawy, Mike Verostek, Brett T. Boyle, Mateo Cacheiro, Matt Lawler, Namitha Pradeep, Ella Watts, Colin G. West, H. J. Lewandowski, and Benjamin M. Zwickl

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020131 (2025) - Published 16 October, 2025

A national survey characterizes the state of Quantum Information Science and Engineering (QISE) and finds prevalent courses, programs, and opportunities to engage in QISE.

Extending the action, process, object, schema theory to physics education: A genetic decomposition of the two-dimensional heat equation

Maria Al Dehaybes, Johan Deprez, Paul van Kampen, and Mieke De Cock

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020132 (2025) - Published 21 October, 2025

The APOS theory (action, process, object, schema) from mathematics education research illuminates the interplay of mathematics and physics in the context of the 2D heat equation.

Using representational gesture to enact instants in collaborative problem solving in physics

Emma Teresa Booth, Virginia J. Flood, and Benedikt W. Harrer

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020136 (2025) - Published 27 October, 2025

Four forms of representational gesture are commonly used in student discussions of problem solving to capture instantaneity.

Written instruction that significantly promotes science learning

Yajun Wei

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020141 (2025) - Published 5 November, 2025

Features such as color matching, spatial layout, and numbering sequences within written instruction eased cognitive load among students.

Investigating the effect of two-state approaches on students’ understanding of quantum measurement: A quasiexperimental field study

Kristóf Tóth, Sergej Faletič, Marisa Michelini, Gesche Pospiech, Andrea Betti, Marco Nicolini, Marco Parmiggiani, Joaquin Veith, and Philipp Bitzenbauer

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020142 (2025) - Published 5 November, 2025

In a randomized study of instructional methods for teaching quantum using two state systems those taught using photon polarization and the double-well potential significantly outperformed those following the which-path encoded single-photon approach.

Advancements in astronomy education research: Two decades of progress with undergraduate and adult learners

Molly N. Simon and Janelle M. Bailey

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020601 (2025) - Published 5 August, 2025

This updated review of Astronomy Education Research over the last 20 years identifies 7 broad categories, with studies of instruction as the most prominent.

ARTICLES

Multilingual performance of a multimodal artificial intelligence system on multisubject physics concept inventories

Gerd Kortemeyer, Marina Babayeva, Giulia Polverini, Ralf Widenhorn, and Bor Gregorcic

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020101 (2025) - Published 8 July, 2025

GPT-4o outperforms students on multilingual physics assessments, though it struggles with lab skills and questions that require image interpretation.

Inclusive teaching strategies are not widely used by male physics instructors

Md Sanyat Rabby and Charles Henderson

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020102 (2025) - Published 11 July, 2025

Interviews with introductory physics instructors reveal limited awareness and inconsistent use of inclusive teaching strategies, especially those addressing student identity.

Characterizing discourse group roles in inquiry-based university science labs

Tong Wan, Juliette Pimbert, Reshawna L. Chapple, Ying Cao, and Pierre-Philippe A. Ouimet

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020104 (2025) - Published 9 July, 2025

Deaf or hard of hearing students in a physics lab were found to have differing levels of engagement.

Global statistic of students’ understandings of Newtonian mechanics represented by a score-state vector of FCI

Masaki Goda, Shinichi Kishizawa, and Yamato Hasegawa

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020105 (2025) - Published 10 July, 2025

After constructing and transforming a score-state vector for FCI scores, two different profiles emerge representing novices and experts.

Students’ metacognition knowledge and skills during physics problem-solving process

Zeynep Dulger and Feral Ogan-Bekiroglu

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020106 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

This study of problem-solving with Turkish students reveal that high school students do not use the meta-cognitive skills that experts rely on, particularly planning and evaluation.

Cosmology and general relativity in upper secondary school through new targeted teaching materials: A study on student learning and motivation

A. Gasparini, A. Müller, F. Stern, and L. Weiss

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020107 (2025) - Published 18 July, 2025

A newly developed course on Cosmology for secondary students showed increased conceptual understanding as well as positive affective shifts.

Assessing physics quantitative literacy development in algebra-based physics

Charlotte Zimmerman, Alexis Olsho, Trevor I. Smith, Philip Eaton, and Suzanne White Brahmia

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020108 (2025) - Published 18 July, 2025

A new instrument measures the extent to which students who have not taken calculus learn to reason quantitatively as a result of taking physics courses.

Exploring subfield interest development in undergraduate physics students through social cognitive career theory

Dina Zohrabi Alaee and Benjamin M. Zwickl

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020109 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

This interview study of students choosing to major in physics identified a number of factors that pulled students into physics.

Recitation tasks revamped? Students’ perceptions of smartphone-based experimental and programming tasks in introductory mechanics

Simon Zacharias Lahme, Dominik Dorsel, Heidrun Heinke, Pascal Klein, Andreas Müller, Christoph Stampfer, and Sebastian Staacks

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020110 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

After implementing nine smartphone based researchers found students to have better affective outcomes and increased agency as compared to those who went through programming tasks.

Investigating gender and achievement level differences in epistemological beliefs in physics

Derya Kaltakci-Gurel

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020111 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Gender and achievement level independently exerted significant effects on students’ scores on epistemological beliefs as measured by the CLASS survey.

Student difficulties and alternative conceptions in learning particle motion in force fields

Yiting Wang, Xiumei Feng, Yuchen Jiang, Li Xie, Min Xia, and Lei Bao

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020112 (2025) - Published 28 July, 2025

In an eye-tracking study of particles in force fields, students did well in uniform fields, but struggled in cases of non-uniform field.

Motivating reflection in problem solving: Homework corrections in upper-division physics courses

Molly Griston and Bethany R. Wilcox

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020113 (2025) - Published 30 July, 2025

Three case studies of students making homework corrections indicate that students see the benefits, but also struggled to identify their errors.

Solution evaluation strategies used by first-year physics students

Abolaji R. Akinyemi, Michael E. Loverude, and John R. Thompson

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020114 (2025) - Published 11 August, 2025

Evaluating introductory physics student solution checking, the authors find that mostly students do not use evaluation strategies, but when they do, they use three primary strategies.

Evaluating GPT- and reasoning-based large language models on Physics Olympiad problems: Surpassing human performance and implications for educational assessment

Paul Tschisgale, Holger Maus, Fabian Kieser, Ben Kroehs, Stefan Petersen, and Peter Wulff

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020115 (2025) - Published 13 August, 2025

ChatGPT 4o outperformed humans on problem solving on German Physics Olympiad problems.

Understanding familial capital and its implications for physics graduate programs

Geraldine L. Cochran, Corey Ptak, Jenna Tempkin, Téa Boone, Stella F. Nelson, Sabrina R. Henige, and Diana Sachmpazidi

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020116 (2025) - Published 22 August, 2025

Graduate student experiences in bridge programs highlight how recognizing familial capital can improve physics graduate education policies.”

Can contextualized physics problems enhance student motivation?

Yajun Wei, Xinting Peng, Yi Zhong, Feipeng Pi, Yanfang Zhai, and Lei Bao

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020117 (2025) - Published 25 August, 2025

Teachers saw contextualized physics problems as essential for enhancing interest and motivation among students, but students expressed a clear preference for de-contextualized physics problems and generally disagreed that CPP increased their interest in physics.

Inventory of Galilean Transformation of uniform linear motion in position-time graphs

E. B. Merki, S. I. Hofer, A. Vaterlaus, and A. Lichtenberger

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020118 (2025) - Published 25 August, 2025

Introducing a new instrument for investigating student understanding of Galilean transformations.

Generative AI as a lab partner: A case study

Sebastian Kilde-Westberg, Andreas Johansson, and Jonas Enger

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020119 (2025) - Published 27 August, 2025

Effectiveness of high school students’ use of ChatGPT during a physics laboratory is significantly influenced prior physics knowledge and teacher guidance plays a crucial role.

Bridging the novice-expert gap: The role of inhibitory control and interventions in overcoming buoyancy misconceptions

Yushan Xiong, Jialan Liu, Jiejie Lai, Tongyi Zheng, Xuhuai Qu, Qiuye Li, Yi Zhong, Lei Bao, and Shaona Zhou

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020120 (2025) - Published 5 September, 2025

Novice problem solvers are shown to have longer reaction times in problem solving settings, suggesting effortful inhibitory control over misconceptions.

Tracing different forms of politicized care in teaching physics to students traditionally underserved in science

Clausell Mathis, Sherry A. Southerland, and Lama Z. Jaber

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020121 (2025) - Published 8 September, 2025

A year-long study of one teacher’s practice identified three forms of care expressed for students: social, epistemic, and academic, which contributed to differential opportunities for learning.

Assessing high school students’ understanding of friction force: A cognitive diagnostic modeling approach

Benjie Wang, Wei Han, Qingdian Kong, Huanxia Wang, and Yingjie Zhang

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020122 (2025) - Published 8 September, 2025

A study proposing a cognitive model of frictional forces among high school students and then evaluating the model with a new diagnostic instrument.

Exploring physics teacher identity: Pathways toward equitable instruction among teachers

Clausell Mathis, Jomo Mutegi, Turhan Carroll, Maya Patel, and Andrea Wooley

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020123 (2025) - Published 8 September, 2025

Qualitative study suggesting that teachers with clearer senses of identity also have more comprehensive understandings of equity.

Navigating the adoption of research-based instructional strategies within the complex nature of higher education

Yessi Affriyenni, Helen Georgiou, and Noah Finkelstein

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020124 (2025) - Published 9 September, 2025

A study of the adoption of Research-Based Instructional Strategies offers new insights into the interplay of personal agency, collaborative teaching structures, and systemic influences and suggests that instructional change frameworks should address institutional inertia and structural barriers to reform.

Case study examining graduate student sensemaking using the epistemic game framework for Laplace’s equation in upper-level electrostatics

Jaya Shivangani Kashyap and Chandralekha Singh

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020125 (2025) - Published 10 September, 2025

Case study of an upper division student solving problems reveals that the student did not have global coherence in approach, but sought local coherence.

Advancing clustering methods in physics education research: A case for mixture models

Minghui Wang, Meagan Sundstrom, Karen Nylund-Gibson, and Marsha Ing

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020126 (2025) - Published 15 September, 2025

Mixture models offer statistical tools for choosing the optimal number of subgroups and account for classification errors.

Astronomy identity framework for undergraduate students and researchers

Zachary Richards and Angela M. Kelly

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020127 (2025) - Published 16 September, 2025

Drawing on interviews with astronomy students the authors establish an astronomy identity framework with six constructs.

Identity and power in physics teachers’ discourse about equity

Trà Huỳnh, Amy D. Robertson, Lauren C. Bauman, and Rachel E. Scherr

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020128 (2025) - Published 19 September, 2025

Teachers who participated in an equity workshop focused physics students’ access to physics, achievement, and identities, but less on changing power dynamics in physics.

Gaze behavior as a key to revealing strategies for identifying indirectly proportional graphs in thermodynamic and mathematical context

Paula Fehlinger, Sebastian Becker-Genschow, and Bianca Watzka

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020129 (2025) - Published 23 September, 2025

An eye tracking and interview study of 10th grade students in two contexts finds that students used two strategies, one comparing individual points and another comparing the graphs themselves.

Investigation of preservice physics teacher’s conceptual changes using the quantum interactive learning tutorials in Korea

Soyeon Kim, Pyung Kang Jung, and Jung Bog Kim

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020130 (2025) - Published 9 October, 2025

Pre-service physics teachers in Korea showed enhanced conceptual understanding of wavefunctions and the uncertainty principle after using Quantum Interactive Learning Tutorials.

Landscape of quantum information science and engineering education: From physics foundations to interdisciplinary frontiers

A. R. Piña, Shams El-Adawy, Mike Verostek, Brett T. Boyle, Mateo Cacheiro, Matt Lawler, Namitha Pradeep, Ella Watts, Colin G. West, H. J. Lewandowski, and Benjamin M. Zwickl

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020131 (2025) - Published 16 October, 2025

A national survey characterizes the state of Quantum Information Science and Engineering (QISE) and finds prevalent courses, programs, and opportunities to engage in QISE.

Extending the action, process, object, schema theory to physics education: A genetic decomposition of the two-dimensional heat equation

Maria Al Dehaybes, Johan Deprez, Paul van Kampen, and Mieke De Cock

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020132 (2025) - Published 21 October, 2025

The APOS theory (action, process, object, schema) from mathematics education research illuminates the interplay of mathematics and physics in the context of the 2D heat equation.

Characterizing faculty online learning community interactions using social network analysis

Emily Bolger, Marius Nwobi, and Marcos D. Caballero

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020133 (2025) - Published 21 October, 2025

Social Network Analysis of PICUP community identifies structure of community with some users as very active and others primarily lurking.

High-stakes exams inflate a gender gap and contribute to systematic grading errors in one introductory physics series

David J. Webb and Cassandra A. Paul

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020134 (2025) - Published 21 October, 2025

A study in introductory physics suggests high-stakes exams are causing a gender gap, rather than measuring it.

Effect of competitive environment on students’ performance on physics conceptual questions: An eyetracking study

Shaona Zhou, Qiuye Li, Yi Zhong, Sihang Liang, Yongxuan Li, Yifeng Ou, and Xianqiu Wu

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020135 (2025) - Published 24 October, 2025

Competition may speed up task completion, but this study suggests that noncompetitive settings support more careful thinking and slightly higher accuracy in physics tasks.

Using representational gesture to enact instants in collaborative problem solving in physics

Emma Teresa Booth, Virginia J. Flood, and Benedikt W. Harrer

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020136 (2025) - Published 27 October, 2025

Four forms of representational gesture are commonly used in student discussions of problem solving to capture instantaneity.

Global blind spot in understanding trigonometric derivatives: A multinational analysis

Yossi Ben-Zion, Roni Segal, Jianqiang Liu, Chun-Ming Wang, Atanu Rajak, and Noah D. Finkelstein

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020137 (2025) - Published 27 October, 2025

In a study spanning four different countries and various educational systems, most students struggled to identify the necessity of radians in pure mathematical contexts, but performed better when encountering the same concept in concrete physical situations.

Developing and assessing research-based, resources-oriented instructional materials: Attending to conceptual resources in (ACORN) physics tutorials

Amy D. Robertson, Lisa M. Goodhew, Lauren C. Bauman, Anne T. Alesandrini, and Paula R. L. Heron

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020138 (2025) - Published 27 October, 2025

Study detailing the development and assessment of instructional materials for Attending to Conceptual Resources in Physics.

Chained computerized adaptive testing for the Force Concept Inventory

Jun-ichiro Yasuda, Michael M. Hull, Naohiro Mae, and Kentaro Kojima

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020139 (2025) - Published 3 November, 2025

Chained Computerized Adaptive Testing with the Force Concept Inventory can reduce the number of questions needed to efficiently diagnose student understanding.

Uncovering student conceptual structure by a multimethod evaluation of the energy and momentum conceptual survey

Xian Wu, Yaoguang Li, and N. Sanjay Rebello

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020140 (2025) - Published 5 November, 2025

An exploratory factor analysis of the Energy and Momentum Conceptual Survey reveals an interpretable factor structure.

Written instruction that significantly promotes science learning

Yajun Wei

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020141 (2025) - Published 5 November, 2025

Features such as color matching, spatial layout, and numbering sequences within written instruction eased cognitive load among students.

Investigating the effect of two-state approaches on students’ understanding of quantum measurement: A quasiexperimental field study

Kristóf Tóth, Sergej Faletič, Marisa Michelini, Gesche Pospiech, Andrea Betti, Marco Nicolini, Marco Parmiggiani, Joaquin Veith, and Philipp Bitzenbauer

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020142 (2025) - Published 5 November, 2025

In a randomized study of instructional methods for teaching quantum using two state systems those taught using photon polarization and the double-well potential significantly outperformed those following the which-path encoded single-photon approach.

Gaining insights through thematic analysis about learning dimensions in teaching learning sequences on surface phenomena in liquids

Giulia Termini, Onofrio R. Battaglia, Ilaria Grazia, and Claudio Fazio

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020143 (2025) - Published 6 November, 2025

Thematic analysis indicates how different modeling approaches impact conceptual understanding, intellectual growth, and scientific habits of mind regarding surface phenomena in liquids.

Insights from educators on building a more cohesive quantum information science and engineering education ecosystem

Shams El-Adawy, A. R. Piña, Benjamin M. Zwickl, and H. J. Lewandowski

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020144 (2025) - Published 10 November, 2025

Interviews with educators engaged in QISE highlight the importance of strengthening industry-academia connections to prepare students for the quantum workforce.

Comparing conceptual learning in Zoom and in-class sections of college physics

Ramesh Dhungana

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020145 (2025) - Published 12 November, 2025

Comparison of face-to-face and remote, synchronous instruction shows better outcomes from the face-to-face version of the course.

Surveying the state of writing education in physics and astronomy

Briley L. Lewis

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020146 (2025) - Published 20 November, 2025

An online survey of preparation for writing in physics indicates uneven preparation for disciplinary writing, drawing heavily on prior experience such as K-12 classes.

Graph theoretical methods for understanding student social interactions in physics classrooms

Nathan D. Davis and Eric Burkholder

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020147 (2025) - Published 24 November, 2025

This study uses social network analysis to show that the strength and role of students’ connections, rather than their number, is related to their sense of belonging in physics classrooms.

Gaze-based prediction of test performance using machine learning for adaptive learning systems

Yavuz Dinc, Sarah Malone, Verena Ruf, Steffen Steinert, Stefan Küchemann, and Jochen Kuhn

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020148 (2025) - Published 26 November, 2025

Extending prior work, the authors find that student’s gaze during conceptual tests more accurately predicts performance than during a learning phase.

Intuitive visual representations of electromagnetic radiation and molecules

Sarah Wildbichler, Markus Obczovsky, Florian Budimaier, Martin Hopf, and Thomas Schubatzky

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020149 (2025) - Published 2 December, 2025

Students find certain visualizations of infrared radiation, radiation absorption, and molecules more intuitively comprehensible.

Making teachers: Expanding physics teacher education

Jill A. Marshall, Bernard G. David, and Pablo Durán Oliva

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020150 (2025) - Published 4 December, 2025

A five year study of current and future STEM teachers in a makerspace revealed no conceptual differences, however, qualitative differences appear to be meaningful.

Students’ views of experimental physics after participating in lab courses with open-ended activities

Qiaoyi Liu and H. J. Lewandowski

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020151 (2025) - Published 5 December, 2025

Even a single week of open-ended lab activities improves post-instruction E-CLASS scores, especially for those starting with lower scores.

Impact of outreach on physics student development: Quantitative results from a national survey

Jonathan D. Perry, Toni Sauncy, Susan White, Rachel L. Ivie, John Tyler, and Tatiana Erukhimova

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020152 (2025) - Published 10 December, 2025

Students engaged in informal physics outreach report greater confidence explaining physics, enhanced career skills, and a stronger sense of belonging and growth mindset.

Analyzing the history of physics education in the USA and Europe through natural language processing

Martina Caramaschi and Tor Ole B. Odden

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020153 (2025) - Published 10 December, 2025

A thematic analysis of over 50 years of articles on physics teaching reveals changes over time and differences in content based on where the article was published.

Development of a multiple-choice test to assess critical thinking in climate change

Magdalena Micoloi, Lana Ivanjek, Mieke De Cock, Thomas Schubatzky, Sarah Wildbichler, Rainer Wackermann, and Gesche Pospiech

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020154 (2025) - Published 15 December, 2025

A new instrument, the Critical Thinking for Climate Change assessment, is described and shown to be useful with high school students.

Can large language models correctly interpret equations with errors?

Lachlan McGinness and Peter Baumgartner

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020155 (2025) - Published 15 December, 2025

Current LLMs are unable to accurately extract and translate equations from typed student responses into a standardized format.

Promoting scientific literacy through integrated project-based learning and reverse engineering pedagogy

Paulo Victor Santos Souza, Claudiano Ferreira, Jorge Simões de Sá Martins, and Fábio Ferreira Monteiro

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020156 (2025) - Published 16 December, 2025

A study indicating that integrating project-based learning with reverse engineering led to greater science literacy among 8th grade students.

Expert perspectives on the future of quantum physics education at the secondary level

Philipp Bitzenbauer, Malte S. Ubben, Daria Anttila, Maria Bondani, Maria Luisa Chiofalo, Sergej Faletic, Simon Goorney, Franziska Greinert, Rainer Müller, Zdeňka Koupilová, Massimiliano Malgieri, Avraham Merzel, Henk J. Pol, Gesche Pospiech, Heike Kirsten Elisabeth Stadermann, Efraim Yehuda Weissman, and Kim Krijtenburg-Lewerissa

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020157 (2025) - Published 16 December, 2025

Experts in a Delphi study agree that core quantum concepts, including superposition, interference, and measurement, should be taught conceptually in secondary school.

Student understandings of discrete and continuous in quantum mechanics: A thematic analysis

Christian D. Solorio, Elizabeth Gire, and David Roundy

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020158 (2025) - Published 16 December, 2025

An interview study with students who participated in a ‘spins first’ quantum course found that computational activities help students understand the transition from discreet to continuous measures.

Overcoming the more measurements, the better intuitive heuristic in physics data evaluation: The role of inhibitory control

Wenting Hong, Tong Li, Li Wang, Rui Dai, Lei Bao, Keke Yu, and Yang Xiao

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020159 (2025) - Published 19 December, 2025

Inhibitory control helps students overcome inappropriate evaluations of data.

Visualizing quantum states: A pilot study on problem solving in quantum information science education

Jonas Bley, Eva Rexigel, Alda Arias, Lars Krupp, Steffen Steinert, Nikolas Longen, Paul Lukowicz, Stefan Küchemann, Jochen Kuhn, Maximilian Kiefer-Emmanouilidis, and Artur Widera

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020160 (2025) - Published 19 December, 2025

A pilot study of student understanding of quantum information examines responses to tasks that feature the mathematical-symbolic Dirac Notation alone and others that use it in combination with dimensional circle notation.

Combining physics education and machine learning research to measure evidence of students’ mechanistic sensemaking

Kaitlin Gili, Kyle Heuton, Astha Shah, David Hammer, and Michael C. Hughes

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020161 (2025) - Published 22 December, 2025

A machine-learning-based tool analyzes students’ mechanistic sensemaking.

Characterization of upper-level undergraduate quantum mechanics courses in the U.S.

Jesse Kruse, Molly Griston, and Bethany R. Wilcox

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020162 (2025) - Published 30 December, 2025

A survey of quantum mechanics instructors reveals that while most use lecture a variety of instructional practices and pedagogical tools are being employed.

REVIEW ARTICLES

Advancements in astronomy education research: Two decades of progress with undergraduate and adult learners

Molly N. Simon and Janelle M. Bailey

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020601 (2025) - Published 5 August, 2025

This updated review of Astronomy Education Research over the last 20 years identifies 7 broad categories, with studies of instruction as the most prominent.

Roles of mathematics in physics education: A systematic review

Elina Palmgren, Tommi Kokkonen, and Jesper Bruun

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020602 (2025) - Published 18 September, 2025

This systematic review identifies eight thematic categories, examines theoretical frameworks, and outlines six roles of mathematics in physics, highlighting research gaps in advanced topics and opportunities for future study.

Egocentric mixed-methods social network analysis: Analyzing interviews with women and/or queer Ph.D. physicists

Chase Hatcher, Lily Donis, Adrienne Traxler, Madison Swirtz, Camila Amaral, Justin Gutzwa, Charles Henderson, and Ramón Barthelemy

Phys. Rev. Phys. Educ. Res. 21, 020603 (2025) - Published 29 September, 2025

A novel approach to social network analysis that coordinates quantitative and qualitative data.

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