We detect entanglement partitions of multipartite quantum systems by exploiting their inherent symmetries. Structures like genuinely multipartite entanglement, $m$-separability, and entanglement depth are detected as very special cases. This formulation enables us to characterize all entanglement partitions of all three- and four-partite states and witnesses with unitary and permutation symmetry, which we denote Schur-Weyl isotypic witnesses. In particular, we find and parametrize a complete set of bound entangled states therein. For larger systems, we provide a large family of analytical witnesses detecting multipartite states of arbitrary size where none of the parties is separable from the rest. The proposed method relies on weak Schur sampling with projective measurements onto isotypic components and can be implemented in a quantum computer. Beyond physics, our results extend to the mathematical literature: we establish new inequalities between matrix immanants, which constitute an open problem, and characterize the set of such inequalities for matrices of sizes three and four.

Spectator leakage poses a fundamental challenge to scalable quantum computing, particularly as frequency collisions become unavoidable in multiqubit processors. We introduce a leakage mitigation strategy based on dynamically reshaping the system Hamiltonian. Our technique utilizes a tunable coupler to enforce a block-diagonal structure on the effective Hamiltonian governing near-resonant spectator interactions, confining the gate dynamics to a two-dimensional invariant subspace and thus preventing leakage by construction. On a multiqubit superconducting processor, we experimentally demonstrate that this dynamic control scheme suppresses leakage rates to the order of ${10}^{-4}$, across a wide near-resonant detuning range and with up to three simultaneous spectator qubits. These results demonstrate a robust and scalable method that resolves the critical trade-off between dense frequency packing and high-fidelity gate operation. Our Letter establishes dynamic Hamiltonian engineering as an essential technology for building fault-tolerant quantum computers.

Robust entanglement at room temperature is a central challenge for solid-state quantum information processing and quantum-enhanced sensing. Here we demonstrate room-temperature storage of entanglement in a silicon carbide (SiC) quantum node by coherently transferring an electron-nuclear entangled state onto long-lived nuclear-spin memory qubits. Using a shallow single color center in $4H$-SiC, conventionally denoted PL6, we realize a fully addressable three-qubit register composed of one electron-spin processor and two strongly coupled ${}^{29}\mathrm{Si}$ nuclear-spin memory qubits. This platform enables the deterministic generation of high-fidelity entangled states, including a nuclear-spin Bell state with a fidelity of $94\pm 2\%$ and a three-qubit Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ)-type state with a fidelity of $89\pm 4\%$. By implementing a swap-gate protocol in the strong hyperfine-coupling regime, the electron-nuclear entanglement is transferred to the nuclear-spin memory with a fidelity of $92.5\pm 2.5\%$, extending the entanglement lifetime by a factor of 240. We further confirm the generality of this approach in an additional heterogeneous ${}^{29}\mathrm{Si}\text{−}{}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ nuclear-spin register and, through a statistical survey of 200 single PL6 centers, show that multi-nuclear-spin registers occur naturally with probabilities above 10%. These results position shallow SiC color centers as a powerful platform for entanglement-assisted quantum sensing and scalable room-temperature quantum technologies.

The standard lambda cold dark matter cosmological model predicts that cosmic filaments are highly clumpy, whereas warm dark matter—invoked to address small-scale challenges in the lambda cold dark matter model—produces filaments that are noticeably smoother and less structured. In this Letter, we investigate the potential of Lyman-alpha emission to trace cosmic filaments at redshifts $z=2.5$ and $z=4$, and assess their potential for constraining the nature of dark matter. Our analysis shows that Lyman-alpha filaments provide a promising observational probe of dark matter: at $z=4$, differences in filament smoothness and surface brightness serve as distinctive signatures between models. Looking ahead, the upcoming generation of 30-m class telescopes will be critical for enabling these measurements, offering a compelling opportunity to distinguish the nature of dark matter by mapping the structure of cosmic filaments.

The SNO+ Collaboration reports new results on reactor antineutrino oscillations using data acquired from May 2022 through July 2025. The spectral analysis of a flux dominated by nuclear reactors at 240, 340, and 350 km yields the mass-squared difference $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{21}^2=(7.91_{-0.25}^{+0.22})\times {10}^{-5}{\mathrm{eV}}^2$. This result is compatible with and approaches the precision of the only other long-baseline reactor antineutrino measurement, by KamLAND. Combining these measurements, along with those from solar neutrino experiments, the global values of the neutrino mixing parameters become $\mathrm{\Delta }{m}_{21}^2=(7.59\pm 0.17)\times {10}^{-5}{\mathrm{eV}}^2$ and ${\sin }^2{\theta }_{12}=0.310\pm 0.012$. The analysis of geoneutrinos at $\mathrm{SNO}+$ is also improved, with a measured signal of ${48}_{-12}^{+14}$ TNU.

In the established paradigm of jet quenching in relativistic heavy-ion collisions, jets from initial hard parton scatterings are suppressed due to their interaction with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), serving as crucial tomographic probes of QGP properties. Within the linear Boltzmann transport model, we find that the QGP is also capable of absorbing and reprocessing energy deposited by the hard jets into emergent jetlike objects, providing an alternative production mechanism of thermal recoil jets. These emergent thermal recoil jets exhibit distinct transverse momentum ($p_{\mathrm{T}}$) and jet-cone size ($R$) dependencies different from the hard jets, and interpret the puzzling observation of the enhanced yields of hadron triggered jets at large azimuthal angles relative to the away side and solely at small $p_{\mathrm{T}}$ and large $R$. These thermal recoil jets are predicted to have unique substructures, such as a jet shape that increases with radius and a thermal-like distribution of their constituents, which await verification in future experimental analyses.

We found that a heavy target such as Pb is most suitable for determining the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei through charge-changing cross-section (${\sigma }_{\mathrm{cc}}$) measurements. Experimentally, low-$Z$ targets are routinely used to determine nucleon distribution radii of unstable isotopes. This approach has recently been extended to study proton distribution radii from ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{cc}}$ measurements. However, empirical scaling factors have to be introduced to apply the Glauber models. In the present Letter, we systematically investigated the scaling factor using 39 new ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{cc}}$ data of $18p$-shell nuclei on hydrogen, carbon, silver, and lead targets at around $240\mathrm{MeV}/\mathrm{nucleon}$. Together with the existing data, we reveal a universal dependence of the scaling factor on both the masses of target nuclei and the separation energies of projectile nuclei. The scaling factors decrease with increasing target-nucleus mass and converge to 1 for the highest-$Z$ target, making the scaling unnecessary. We conclude that instead of a low-$Z$ target, employing a heavy target such as Pb in ${\sigma }_{\mathrm{cc}}$ measurements is the best option to determine the proton distribution radii of unstable nuclei.

High-fidelity state transfer between two qubits is fundamentally limited by time-reversal symmetry: one qubit emits a photon with a certain temporal pulse shape, whereas a second qubit requires the time-reversed pulse shape to efficiently absorb this photon. This limitation is often overcome by introducing active elements. Here, we propose an alternative solution: by tailoring the dispersion relation of a waveguide, the photon pulse emitted by one qubit is passively reshaped into its time-reversed counterpart, thus enabling perfect absorption. We analytically derive the optimal dispersion relations in the limit of small and large qubit-qubit separations and numerically extend our results to arbitrary separations via multiparameter optimization. We further propose a spatially inhomogeneous waveguide that renders the state transfer robust to variations in qubit separations. In all cases, we obtain near-unity transfer fidelity ($\ge 98\%$) that is robust against imperfections in parameter values and propagation loss. Our dispersion-engineered waveguide provides a compact and passive route toward on-chip quantum networks, highlighting dispersion as a powerful resource in waveguide quantum electrodynamics.

Optical thermodynamics has recently emerged as a theoretical framework describing a Rayleigh-Jeans (RJ) modal power distribution of multimoded nonlinear photonic circuits. However, its applicability is constrained to systems exhibiting weak nonlinear mode-mode interactions. Here, by employing a transfer integral operator, we circumvent this limitation and establish a steady-state interacting RJ modal distribution—referred to as nonideal RJ—with renormalized temperature and optical chemical potential. This also builds a natural bridge with earlier work on grand-canonical statistical-mechanical formulations of discrete nonlinear systems. The theory derives the optical analog of the compressibility factor, which controls the transition from an ideal, noninteracting equation of state (EOS) to a van der Waals-like interacting EOS.

We present a theoretical and numerical study of resonant surface-plasmon (SP) excitation driven by the beating of two copropagating laser pulses on a smooth cylindrical plasma-vacuum interface. Analytical formulas for the SP dispersion relation, field amplitude, geometric coupling factor, and resonance conditions are derived and validated by fully three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We show that the curvature-modified SP dispersion enables the optical beat wave to resonantly drive an axial SP wakefield that leaks into the vacuum channel. This enables a grating-free surface-plasmon phase-matching mechanism, which is not available on a smooth planar interface. Under matched resonance conditions, few-gigawatt (GW) lasers can drive tens of $\mathrm{GV}/\mathrm{m}$ SP wakefields and initiate electron trapping, while tens to hundreds of GW drivers can reach sub-$\mathrm{TV}/\mathrm{m}$ fields. It therefore opens a low-power, grating-free route toward portable laser-driven surface plasma wakefield accelerators.

We experimentally validate a new description of brittle tensile fracture that extends linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) to account for the 2D geometry of propagating cracks in plates of finite thickness, $W$. We show that cracks nucleate below the Griffith length at a critical stress threshold. They then creep (at constant velocities orders of magnitude below the Rayleigh wave speed) until expanding to $W$. Only then do cracks undergo dynamic 1D fracture. The new theory quantitatively describes all of these dynamics. These results have important ramifications to all aspects of material failure.

CePdAl is a heavy-fermion compound with a quasi-kagome structure, where geometrical frustration competes with the Kondo effect. Using a high-sensitivity magnetometer, we observe clear first-order metamagnetic transitions without magnetization plateaus in CePdAl at 80 mK, indicating a lifting of frustration through the suppression of the Kondo effect and spin flips of ordered moments under fields. An anomaly in the nonlinear magnetic susceptibility at 4.3 T suggests nondipolar correlations in the polarized paramagnetic state. Furthermore, we found no evidence of non-Fermi-liquid behavior in the high-field region, where the antiferromagnetic order is completely suppressed. These findings establish the essential thermodynamic constraints for understanding the field-induced spin-liquid state in CePdAl.

We show how crystalline inversion symmetry can be dynamically broken by optical phonons with generic, hardening Kerr-like nonlinearities. The symmetry-broken state is reached through a parametric instability that can be accessed by driving close to half the phonon frequency. The system then settles to a steady state with inversion symmetry breaking phonon trajectories and strong second harmonic generation. The time averaged positions of the atoms are displaced relative to equilibrium, resulting in a ferroelectric rectification of the driving signal. For circularly polarized phonons, complex Lissajous-like trajectories, resulting in structured magnetic fields within a unit cell, can be achieved.

Recent advancements in small-scale observations of the cosmic microwave background have provided a unique opportunity to characterize the distribution of baryons in the outskirts of galaxies via stacking-based analyses of the kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect. Such measurements, mathematically equivalent to probing the galaxy-electron cross-correlation, have revealed that gas is more extended than dark matter and that the strength of baryonic feedback may vary with halo mass and redshift. However, because these analyses are conditioned on galaxy positions, deriving a host-independent description of the baryon distribution depends on uncertain galaxy-halo modeling on small scales. In this Letter, we present a novel kinetic Sunyaev-Zel’dovich $\times$ galaxy four-point estimator that directly probes the full ionized electron field, extending beyond the gas traced by luminous galaxies. This method exploits large-scale velocity reconstruction from galaxy surveys to characterize the electron distribution unbiased by small-scale galaxy clustering. We forecast that the proposed signal can be measured with a signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim 8$ ($\sim 31$) for a configuration corresponding to Atacama Cosmology Telescope DR6 (Simons Observatory) cosmic microwave background data combined with spectroscopic galaxy samples from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument. This approach will enable the first tomographic measurements of the electron autopower spectrum, providing new constraints on feedback-driven redistribution of baryons and its role in shaping cosmic structure.

We study the giant graviton integrated correlator in $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ $\mathcal{N}=4$ super-Yang-Mills at finite complexified coupling $\tau$. Despite the formidable complexity arising from the heavy nature of the operators considered, the large-$N$ expansion simplifies dramatically and exhibits manifest modular invariance. At each order in $1/N$, the expansion coefficients are linear combinations of nonholomorphic Eisenstein series, thus capturing the full spectrum of perturbative and nonperturbative effects in the Yang-Mills coupling. Furthermore, we find additional contributions, which are modular functions exponentially suppressed in $N$. In the ’t Hooft limit, this yields an all-orders result in the $1/N$ expansion at arbitrary coupling $\lambda$, extending beyond prior results of leading orders. For the $\mathrm{U}(N)$ theory, we obtain a closed-form expression valid for all $N$ and $\tau$ and show that the coupling-dependent sector of the large-$N$ expansion is universal between $\mathrm{SU}(N)$ and $\mathrm{U}(N)$ to all orders. Crucially, we exploit the integrated correlator constraints and determine the giant graviton correlator itself to two-loop order at finite $N$, previously only accessible in the planar limit.

Control over the internal states of trapped ions makes them the ideal system to generate single and two-photon states. Coupling a single ion to an optical cavity enables efficient emission of single photons into a single spatial mode and grants control over their temporal shape, phase, and frequency. Using the long coherence time of the ion’s internal states and employing a scheme to protect the coherence of the ion-cavity interaction, we demonstrate the generation of a two-photon entangled state with full control over the phase. Initially, ion-photon entanglement is generated. A second photon is subsequently generated, mapping the ion’s state onto the second photon. By adjusting the drive field the phase of the entangled state can be fully controlled. We implement this scheme in the most resource efficient way by utilizing a single ${{}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}}^{+}$ ion coupled to an optical cavity and demonstrate the generation of a two-photon entangled stated with full phase control with a fidelity of up to 82%.

Laser wakefield accelerators are bright, compact sources of synchrotronlike x-rays. By driving the wakefield using a 110 TW laser in a variable length gas cell, we are able to map the evolution of the electron beam and resulting x-ray emission. We find that using a laser pulse initially focused to larger than the matched spot size and extending the plasma length beyond the depletion length, dramatically increases the x-ray flux. Self-injected electrons are initially accelerated to $>2\mathrm{GeV}$, emitting x-rays with critical energy $E_c>20\mathrm{keV}$. But, as these electrons dephase, a second high-charge electron bunch is produced and accelerated to $\approx 0.7\mathrm{GeV}$. The x-rays produced by this bunch dominate the total emission with $>5\times {10}^{10}$ photons per shot with $E_{\mathrm{c}}=12–17\mathrm{keV}$ and a flux of $7\times {10}^4\mathrm{photons}/{\mathrm{mrad}}^2/0.1\%\mathrm{BW}$. Combining electron and x-ray measurements reveals that the increased emission results from the larger betatron amplitude of the secondary bunch. Simulations attribute this to rapid bubble expansion driven by laser compression over the depletion length, which leads to injection of a high-charge electron bunch with increased transverse momentum and thus stronger betatron radiation.