We calculate all three-loop, five-point, massless planar Feynman integral families in the dimensional regularization scheme. This is a new milestone in Feynman integral computations. The analysis covers four distinct families of Feynman integrals for this configuration, for all of which we derive the canonical differential equations. Our results also confirm a prediction on the three-loop five-point alphabet. The boundary values are analytically determined. These differential equations offer a promising route toward efficient high-precision evaluation of the integrals. Our work establishes the foundation for next-to-next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations of the production of three massless final states, as well as corresponding bootstrap studies in gauge theories.

We show that the infinite tower of hard exclusive amplitudes in holographic light-front QCD leads to a spectral generator $G(\alpha ,\lambda )$ that encodes the full Regge spectrum. The construction assumes a Poisson distribution of Fock-state components, where $\lambda$ represents the average parton multiplicity above the valence configuration. The resulting generator yields a Regge spectrum invariant under continuous $\lambda$ deformations. Its even- and odd-twist projections yield the meson and baryon form factors with a single value of $\lambda$, fixed by the pion charge radius, which in turn determines the full $Q^2$ dependence. The constituent counting rules for both sectors follow from the structure of the spectral generator, which also provides a compact analytic representation of parton distributions.

QCD collinear factorization allows coherent hard exclusive reactions to reveal the quark-gluon structure of light nuclei, enabling their 3D tomography. In this Letter, we investigate elastic form factors and deeply virtual Compton scattering on a helium-4 target. We achieve unprecedented theoretical precision for this type of analysis by constraining generalized parton distributions at next-to-leading order in ${\alpha }_s$, incorporating kinematic twist corrections, and utilizing full evolution equations. Ultimately, we present the first tomography of a light nucleus, revealing distinct transverse spatial distributions of quarks and gluons.

We present results from a high precision experimental study of the nuclear modification of the longitudinal ($F_L$) to transverse ($F_1$) structure function ratio for bound nucleons in the resonance region. The inclusive electron scattering cross sections were measured in Jefferson Lab Experimental Hall C on carbon and deuterium nuclei for a large range of kinematics, allowing for separations of the longitudinal and transverse structure functions to be performed at a range of four-momentum transfer values $0.5\le Q^2\le 3.75{\mathrm{GeV}}^2$. In contrast to the significant body of measurements of the nuclear modification of the $F_2$ structure function in the deep inelastic scattering region, there is very little on $F_L$ and $R=F_L/2x{F}_1$ in the region of the nucleon resonances. In this Letter we present measurements of the nuclear effect on $R$ for ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ ($R_C$) relative to deuterium ($R_D$). These results indicate regions in which in $R_C>R_D$, requiring that the nuclear modifications be different in all three structure functions, $F_2$, $F_1$, and $F_L$.

We demonstrate a technique for spatially resolved temperature measurement utilizing Rydberg Doppler broadening thermometry. This method employs two focused laser beams arranged perpendicularly to excite laser-cooled atoms from the ground state to a Rydberg state via a two-photon absorption process. Temperature is obtained through Doppler broadening of the spectral line. The perpendicular configuration allows for selective probing of a specific position within the atomic cloud, enabling localized temperature measurement. This technique, in principle, offers a temperature resolution on the order of nK, attributed to the exceptionally narrow natural linewidth of the involved rubidium Rydberg transition line. Furthermore, the setup enables the measurement of position-velocity correlations within the cold atom ensemble. The velocity information is extracted through the Doppler shift, whereas the spatial information is inferred from the arrival time of ions detected by a channel electron multiplier detector. We use our method to measure the local temperature in a magneto-optical trap.

Ultracold molecules are becoming an increasingly important technology for quantum simulation, computation, and sensing, but their state preparation in large, low-entropy arrays remains a key challenge. We propose to deterministically load single molecules into optical tweezer arrays or lattices from either thermal or degenerate gases, with a high probability of occupying the tweezer’s motional ground state. Strong repulsion between microwave-shielded molecules prevents multiparticle occupancy. Our proposal represents a robust scheme for deterministic single molecule preparation directly in the motional ground state with expected fidelities exceeding 99% for small trap volumes and highly polar species. This method can be scaled to thousands of traps limited by the reservoir molecule number, opening the door to large, low-entropy polar molecule arrays for quantum computation, quantum simulation, and precision measurement.

We propose a qubit-oscillator platform based on the motional states of two interacting atoms in an optical tweezer. By stroboscopically modulating an engineered trap with tunable anharmonicity, we implement a complete set of bosonic operations and their qubit-controlled counterparts with high fidelity. This motional control enables accurate detection of magnetic dipolar interactions with $\sim 10\mathrm{Hz}$ sensitivity in 1 s, reaching sub-Hz resolution within a few minutes in a $20\times 20$ tweezer array under realistic experimental imperfections. Our approach establishes a versatile platform for motional quantum control of two atoms, with applications to spin-boson physics and precision sensing of interaction potentials and trapping environments.

Gate-defined semiconductor quantum dots utilize fast electrical control to manipulate spin and charge states of individual electrons. Electrical pulse distortions can limit control fidelities but are difficult to measure at the device level. Here, we use detuning-axis pulsed spectroscopy to characterize baseband pulse distortions in a silicon double quantum dot. We extract the gate-voltage impulse response and apply a digital predistortion filter to eliminate pulse distortions on timescales longer than 1 ns. With the predistortion, we reduce the frequency chirp of coherent exchange oscillations in a singlet-triplet qubit. Our results suggest a scalable and tuning-efficient method for characterizing pulse distortions in quantum-dot spin qubits.

Wave transport in disordered media is obscured by complex multiple scattering, yet prior experiments lack precise, reconfigurable control over microscopic disorder potentials. Using photoaligned nematic liquid crystals, we implement programmable spatial optical potentials to deterministically tailor anisotropic branched light flow. With this platform, we experimentally verify the long-theorized generalized scaling law for the first-branch distance of branched wave transport—an unprecedented experimental milestone validating universal scaling across hydrodynamic, acoustic, atomic, and electronic wave systems. In the extreme anisotropy regime, we observe striking directional light channeling induced by anomalous symmetry-breaking velocity diffusion: light propagates along preferred paths with fully suppressed transverse spreading in disordered media. Our reconfigurable liquid-crystal testbed enables controlled exploration of anisotropic stochastic wave dynamics, paving the way for disorder-guided on-chip photonics, scattering-robust endoscopic imaging, and adaptive optics for complex scattering environments.

The statistical properties of solar flare occurrence are critical for understanding coronal energy release, yet the nature of their underlying dynamics remains heavily debated. Analyzing over two decades of soft x-ray observations from a comprehensive geostationary operational environmental satellite (GOES) dataset, we demonstrate that flare waiting time distributions exhibit a previously unreported scale invariance under coarse graining by flare size. This self-similarity proves the existence of long-range temporal correlations between events. This finding is supported by a complementary multifractal analysis of the x-ray flux, which confirms the presence of intermittency and turbulentlike scaling. By ruling out independent event occurrence, these results establish new statistical constraints on solar flare dynamics and link their intermittent behavior to shared multiscale avalanche phenomena in complex systems.

The behavior of spin quantum in $\mathbf{k}$-space is key to identifying altermagnets (AMs) as the third kind of fundamental collinear magnetism. By contrast, noncollinear magnets—though abundant in nature—lack well-defined spin quantum numbers, and the resulting spin textures are often highly complex, which limits their potential for next-generation spintronic applications. Here we propose hyperspin, which lives in a higher-dimensional space, to address these drawbacks. Through analyzing the commutation relations between spin and Hamiltonian for a class of noncollinear magnets, we reveal that it is a hyperspin, rather than the usual spin, that commutes with Hamiltonian. Unexpectedly, these noncollinear magnets should also show collinear spin-split bands in $\mathbf{k}$-space like collinear AMs. We therefore classify such noncollinear magnets as hyperspin altermagnets (HAMs), as opposed to the usual collinear AMs. Our theory elucidates the fundamental physics of AMs and HAMs and provides a framework for exploring the wide range of noncollinear magnets that may possess other kinds of conserved quantities.

Physical entropy-driven true random number generators are essential for emerging probabilistic computing paradigms, but conventional implementations based on magnetic tunneling junctions have reached their performance plateaus limited by inherent tradeoffs and weak tunability. Here, autferroics, a sister branch of multiferroics, is proposed to construct true random number generators. Benefiting from its unique energy landscape due to strong seesaw-type magnetoelectricity, the performance of true random number generation can be significantly enhanced in autferroic tunneling junctions, verified by passing standard statistical tests. Furthermore, autferroics-based random number generators can exhibit multifield tunability and intrinsic multistate randomness, opening an avenue for efficient hardware realization of the complex-number arithmetic and simulation of probability distributions of quantum mixed states within stochastic circuits.

A long-standing challenge in electromagnetic dissipative systems is that dissipation and phase evolution are fundamentally entangled through the underlying admittance dynamics, leading to oscillatory and path-dependent response trajectories under tuning. In this Letter, we identify an admittance-scaling mechanism that restructures the evolution pathway of the effective input admittance, enabling broadband dissipation control through magnitude scaling while maintaining an approximately invariant phase manifold. The resulting response evolution avoids the oscillatory behavior associated with conventional phase-mediated tuning and instead follows an ordered broadband trajectory. This admittance-scaling framework establishes a general route toward state-continuous manipulation of electromagnetic dissipation and tunable wave-control systems.

Sampling equilibrium configurations of three-dimensional (3D) spin glasses with quenched disorder remains a fundamental challenge in statistical physics. The rugged energy landscape, pronounced critical slowing down, and intrinsic ergodicity breaking render standard Monte Carlo methods severely inefficient, particularly for large systems at low temperatures. In this Letter, we introduce the tensor-network Markov-chain Monte Carlo (TNMCMC) approach to address the issue. By formulating large-scale collective updates via tensor-network contractions on 2D lattice slices, TNMCMC yields unbiased samples of the Boltzmann distribution while substantially reducing autocorrelation times relative to conventional MCMC approaches. Numerical benchmarks on 3D spin glasses demonstrate that the method systematically mitigates critical slowing down. Furthermore, application to three- and four-state 3D Potts models shows that TNMCMC can traverse the exponential free-energy barriers of first-order phase transitions that typically hinder local MC updates. These results establish TNMCMC as a promising numerical framework capable of addressing important 3D problems in statistical physics and beyond, such as the precise computation of low-temperature thermodynamic properties of three-dimensional spin glasses and the decoding of quantum error-correcting codes with a three-dimensional topology.

We investigate the evolution of topological defects in polar fluids driven by discrete inversion symmetry breaking across the nematic-to-ferroelectric nematic phase transition. Using photopatterned surface alignment to prescribe well-defined initial defect configurations in the nematic phase, we track their metamorphosis upon entering the ferroelectric phase. Through systematic comparisons between experiments and numerical simulations, we demonstrate that the resulting polar structures are generically hybrid, intertwining topological configurations of different dimensionalities. Specifically, we identify three basic hybrid defects evolving from precursor disclinations of net charge 0 and $+1$ (via pairs), and $+1$ (via single defects): domain walls terminated by surface disclinations, monopole-decorated domain walls, and meron-mediated boojum and monopole complexes. We further demonstrate that these stable hybrid polar defects are ubiquitous in the ferroelectric nematic phase, providing the basic motifs needed to understand, predict, and engineer complex topological textures in polar fluids.

A hallmark in natural systems, self-organization often stems from very simple interaction rules between individual agents. While single-species self-propelled particle systems are well understood, the behavior of binary mixtures with general alignment interactions remains largely unexplored with a few scattered results hinting at the existence of a rich emergent phase behavior. Here, we investigate systematically a generalization of the two-species Vicsek model with reciprocal intra- and interspecies (anti)alignment couplings, uncovering a rich phenomenology of emergent states. Notably, we show that rather than destroying polar order, antialigning interactions can promote phase separation and the emergence of global polar order. In doing so, we uncover a novel mechanism for microphase separation. We further find these coexistence patterns can be generalized to multispecies systems with cyclic alignment interactions.