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Combined influence of particle friction and inertia on hysteresis in granular media on an inclined plane

Clovis Lambert*, Raphaël Maurin, Laurent Lacaze, and Pascal Fede

  • *Contact author: clovis.lambert@imft.fr
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 034301 – Published 13 March, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.034301

Abstract

Understanding the transition between fluid-like and solid-like regimes of granular materials requires elucidating its hysteretic behavior. Yet, the origin of this hysteresis, defined as the difference in external stress necessary to induce flow or jamming of a granular medium, is still debated. While the origin of this hysteresis has long been attributed to grain's inertia, recent studies have shown that it depends on interparticle friction. To clarify the role of the different effects and possible interplays between them, we study the fluid-solid transition through three-dimensional discrete element simulations of dry and model-immersed granular flows down an inclined plane. In the dry case, a finite hysteresis is observed at the static-flowing transition even for frictionless particles. The hysteresis amplitude is shown to depend both on interparticle friction and particle inertia. Decoupling the effects of friction and inertia allows us to rationalize in a coherent picture the different results found in the literature. In particular, hysteresis is shown to become negligible when both friction and inertia are small, while it cannot be disregarded when at least one of them is present. The link between hysteresis amplitude and the discontinuous jump of compaction at the jamming transition is discussed. While the presence of hysteresis for frictionless particles is not associated with notable dilatancy and compaction at transitions, the coordination number exhibits discontinuous jumps at both transitions. Also, it is shown that the avalanche angle is directly linked to the static coordination number, and that the hysteresis amplitude is related to the coordination number discontinuity observed at jamming. These results highlight the strong link between the jamming-unjamming transition and the evolution of the granular microstructure through friction and inertia.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 034301– Published 13 March, 2025
  • Received 6 May 2024
  • Accepted 10 February 2025
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