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On the number of Bose-selected modes in driven-dissipative ideal Bose gases

Alexander Schnell1,*, Roland Ketzmerick1,2, and André Eckardt1

  • 1Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
  • 2Technische Universität Dresden, Institut für Theoretische Physik and Center for Dynamics, 01062 Dresden, Germany

  • *schnell@pks.mpg.de
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Phys. Rev. E 97, 032136 – Published 28 March, 2018

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.97.032136

Abstract

In an ideal Bose gas that is driven into a steady state far from thermal equilibrium, a generalized form of Bose condensation can occur. Namely, the single-particle states unambiguously separate into two groups: the group of Bose-selected states, whose occupations increase linearly with the total particle number, and the group of all other states whose occupations saturate [Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 240405 (2013)]. However, so far very little is known about how the number of Bose-selected states depends on the properties of the system and its coupling to the environment. The answer to this question is crucial since systems hosting a single, a few, or an extensive number of Bose-selected states will show rather different behavior. While in the former two scenarios each selected mode acquires a macroscopic occupation, corresponding to (fragmented) Bose condensation, the latter case rather bears resemblance to a high-temperature state of matter. In this paper, we systematically investigate the number of Bose-selected states, considering different classes of the rate matrices that characterize the driven-dissipative ideal Bose gases in the limit of weak system–bath coupling. These include rate matrices with continuum limit, rate matrices of chaotic driven systems, random rate matrices, and rate matrices resulting from thermal baths that couple to a few observables only.

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Phys. Rev. E 97, 032136– Published 28 March, 2018
  • Received 12 February 2018
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