Physical Review Applied - Volume 23 Issue 3

Editorial: Introducing the Collection on Physics-Inspired Computing

Kerem Y. Camsari and Supriyo Datta

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 030001 (2025) - Published 14 March, 2025

Guest Editors Kerem Camsari and Supriyo Datta introduce a collection of papers in Physical Review Applied on physics-inspired computing, a field that is rapidly evolving.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Microwave-free imaging magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds at near-zero field

Saravanan Sengottuvel, Omkar Dhungel, Mariusz Mrózek, Arne Wickenbrock, Dmitry Budker, Wojciech Gawlik, and Adam M. Wojciechowski

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034001 (2025) - Published 3 March, 2025

Magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy (N- $V$ ) color centers in diamond is a powerful technique with significant potential in biomedical imaging, materials science, and condensed matter physics. Commonly, though, the method relies on microwave spectroscopy, which can interfere with biological systems and thin conductive samples. This study addresses that limitation by exploiting the zero-field cross-relaxation feature of N- $V$ centers in nanodiamonds under ambient conditions, demonstrating a wide-field, microwave-free imaging magnetometer. This approach can achieve sensitivities suitable for practical applications where traditional microwave-based techniques are unsuitable.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Laser offset stabilization with chip-scale atomic diffractive elements

Heleni Krelman, Ori Nefesh, Kfir Levi, Douglas G. Bopp, Songbai Kang, John E. Kitching, and Liron Stern

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034011 (2025) - Published 6 March, 2025

Offset stabilization of a laser’s frequency relative to an atomic transition is crucial for many quantum technologies, but equipment for it is often bulky or dependent on magnetic fields, limiting integration into compact systems. Exploiting the interference properties of atoms geometrically confined within diffractive optical elements, this study presents a chip-scale, hybrid atomic-photonic approach that enables multiple stabilization points with submegahertz precision over a bandwidth of tens of gigahertz. This miniaturization, with no need for magnetic fields, points to the next generation of compact laser-stabilization devices for quantum applications and precision spectroscopy.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Algorithm-oriented qubit mapping for variational quantum algorithms

Yanjun Ji, Xi Chen, Ilia Polian, and Yue Ban

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034022 (2025) - Published 11 March, 2025

Variational algorithms are among the first practical applications of quantum computing, but their performance is limited by today’s noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The authors propose scalable, depth-optimal solutions to overcome these limitations by integrating optimal mapping algorithms applied to small submodules of a given NISQ computer (focusing on popular linear and T- and H-shaped subtopologies). Identification of the best qubits combined with postselection keeps the error rate in check. The team reports up to 82% reduction in circuit depth and an average of 138% better success probability, thus paving the way for reliable quantum computing ecosystems of tomorrow.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Nanoscale spin-wave frequency-selective limiter for 5G technology

Kristýna Davídková, Khrystyna Levchenko, Florian Bruckner, Roman Verba, Fabian Majcen, Qi Wang, Morris Lindner, Carsten Dubs, Vincent Vlaminck, Jan Klíma, Michal Urbánek, Dieter Suess, and Andrii Chumak

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034026 (2025) - Published 13 March, 2025

Power limiters are essential in rf communication systems, to protect the input channels from strong signals. Today’s semiconductor limiters suffer from high electronic noise and switching delays when approaching the gigahertz range, which is crucial for modern 5G communication technologies. The proposed solution is to use ferrite-based frequency-selective limiters (FSLs) that maintain their efficiency at such frequencies, and the authors provide proof of concept for nanoscale FSLs based on spin-wave transmission affected by four-magnon scattering. This technology could be utilized in various applications including Wi-Fi, GPS, the IoT, and communication links for self-driving vehicles.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Universal high-fidelity quantum gates for spin qubits in diamond

H.P. Bartling, J. Yun, K.N. Schymik, M. van Riggelen, L.A. Enthoven, H.B. van Ommen, M. Babaie, F. Sebastiano, M. Markham, D.J. Twitchen, and T.H. Taminiau

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034052 (2025) - Published 21 March, 2025

Spins associated with color centers are promising qubits for quantum computation and quantum networks. One of the key challenges toward larger-scale systems is to improve the quality of gate operations. This study realizes a complete set of high-quality gates for the two-qubit system formed by the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, using gate designs that protect the qubits from unwanted interactions. These gates are characterized by gate-set tomography, and demonstrate high fidelities for both single- and two-qubit gates. These methods provide opportunities to realize high-quality gates for a variety of color centers in various materials, including diamond, silicon carbide, and silicon.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

General protocols for the efficient distillation of indistinguishable photons

Jason Saied, Jeffrey Marshall, Namit Anand, and Eleanor G. Rieffel

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034079 (2025) - Published 26 March, 2025

Fault-tolerant linear optical quantum computation relies on interference between identical photons to generate entanglement. Unfortunately, photons in the lab tend to be partially distinguishable, generating less entanglement and causing unheralded errors. The authors introduce families of distillation schemes that use n-photon interference and postselection to filter out “bad” photons and reduce distinguishability by a factor of n, with resource costs scaling only linearly in n. Along the way, the team also resolves an open problem regarding n-mode Fourier interferometers, namely that the Zero Transmission Law characterizes all suppression if and only if n is a prime power.

LETTER

Isospectral reduction of the trimer Su-Schrieffer-Heeger lattice and its bulk-edge correspondence

Qian-Hao Guo, Yang Zhang, Xiao-Huan Wan, and Li-Yang Zheng

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, L031001 (2025) - Published 17 March, 2025

The trimer Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH3) lattice has attracted considerable attention due to its unique physical properties and rich phase diagram. However, the key symmetry responsible for the emergence of topological phases remains unclear. This study introduces an isospectral reduction model of the SSH3 lattice, revealing a bulk-edge correspondence enforced by hidden inversion symmetry. These findings provide a new strategy for exploring topological properties in systems beyond the tenfold way classification, while also paving the way for practical applications such as entangled-state transmission, controllable topological edge states, and enhanced pumping.

LETTER

Laser-cooling $^{88}$ $Sr$ to microkelvin temperature with an integrated-photonics system

Andrew R. Ferdinand, Zheng Luo, Sindhu Jammi, Zachary Newman, Grisha Spektor, Okan Koksal, Parth B. Patel, Daniel Sheredy, William Lunden, Akash Rakholia, Travis C. Briles, Wenqi Zhu, Martin M. Boyd, Amit Agrawal, and Scott B. Papp

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, L031002 (2025) - Published 21 March, 2025

Optical lattice clocks generate pristine timing signals, which advance understanding of physics and open new application opportunities. However, the existing experimental apparatus for such clocks consists of numerous complicated subsystems, and are laborious to assemble. This Letter demonstrates the use of integrated photonics technologies to generate the free-space optical configuration needed to laser cool and trap atomic samples for a lattice clock and to create a frequency-comb supercontinuum to stabilize the lasers for the lattice clock. The authors assemble integrated photonics devices without active alignment, highlighting the potential for scalability in lattice-clock systems.

LETTER

Engineering antiferromagnetic magnon bands through interlayer spin pumping

M.M. Subedi, K. Deng, Y. Xiong, J. Mongeon, M.T. Hossain, P.B. Meisenheimer, E.T. Zhou, J.T. Heron, M.B. Jungfleisch, W. Zhang, B. Flebus, and J. Sklenar

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, L031003 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Synthetic antiferromagnets are tunable metamaterials that offer a fertile platform for investigating interactions between optical and acoustic magnons, which can be exploited to engineer the magnon energy spectrum. This study examines how dynamic interlayer spin pumping within synthetic antiferromagnets can hybridize acoustic and optical magnons. To interpret the experimental results, the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert theory is extended to describe the fieldlike and dampinglike torques in a generic noncollinear magnetic multilayer. These findings provide the hybrid-magnonics community with a fresh approach to engineering and modeling magnon-magnon interactions in antiferromagnets.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Microwave-free imaging magnetometry with nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds at near-zero field

Saravanan Sengottuvel, Omkar Dhungel, Mariusz Mrózek, Arne Wickenbrock, Dmitry Budker, Wojciech Gawlik, and Adam M. Wojciechowski

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034001 (2025) - Published 3 March, 2025

Magnetometry using nitrogen-vacancy (N- $V$ ) color centers in diamond is a powerful technique with significant potential in biomedical imaging, materials science, and condensed matter physics. Commonly, though, the method relies on microwave spectroscopy, which can interfere with biological systems and thin conductive samples. This study addresses that limitation by exploiting the zero-field cross-relaxation feature of N- $V$ centers in nanodiamonds under ambient conditions, demonstrating a wide-field, microwave-free imaging magnetometer. This approach can achieve sensitivities suitable for practical applications where traditional microwave-based techniques are unsuitable.

Unexpected origin of the quantum efficiency reduction in long-wavelength $(In, Ga) N$ light-emitting diodes

Tanay Tak, Yi Chao Chow, Shuji Nakamura, Steven P. DenBaars, Claude Weisbuch, and James S. Speck

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034002 (2025) - Published 3 March, 2025

Origins of ultrafast response and ultralow energy consumption in quasi-two-dimensional monatomic phase-change radio-frequency switch

Li Chen (陈立), Zhangchen Hou (侯张晨), Yawei Li (李亚巍), Liyan Shang (商丽燕), Liangqing Zhu (朱亮清), Jinzhong Zhang (张金中), Shijing Gong (龚士静), Zongrui Xu (许宗睿), Zhiyi Zhang (张芷溢), Linsheng Wu (吴林晟), and Zhigao Hu (胡志高)

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034003 (2025) - Published 3 March, 2025

Remote detection of radioactive material using a short-pulse ${CO}_{2}$ laser

A. Zingale, S. Waczynski, I. Pogorelsky, M. Polyanskiy, J. Sears, R.E. Lakis, and H.M. Milchberg

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034004 (2025) - Published 4 March, 2025

Wear-estimation law based on debris-level origins using a diamondlike-carbon head

Fan Zhang, Yu Wang, Yueqiang Hu, Mingquan Zhang, and Baotong Li

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034005 (2025) - Published 4 March, 2025

Optimizing the ionization-energy offset for enhanced photovoltaic properties in bilayer organic solar cells

Yuan Liu, Jingjing Zhao, Sein Chung, Yexiao Huang, Zhenmin Zhao, Jeonggye Lee, Hyukgu Yun, Xiaoge Huang, Safakath Karuthedath, Kilwon Cho, and Zhipeng Kan

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034006 (2025) - Published 4 March, 2025

Putting unwanted surface states to good use: Large modulation of the superconducting state in a degenerate semiconductor by a gate

Bikash C. Barik, Himadri Chakraborti, Buddhadeb Pal, Aditya K. Jain, Swagata Bhunia, Sounak Samanta, Apurba Laha, Suddhasatta Mahapatra, and K. Das Gupta

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034007 (2025) - Published 5 March, 2025

Fully integrated quantum magnetometer based on nitrogen-vacancy centers

Yifan Wang, Wenzhe Zhang, Haotian Chai, Zhenlin Zhang, Shaochun Lin, Xi Qin, and Jiangfeng Du

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034008 (2025) - Published 5 March, 2025

Near-ground-state cooling in electromechanics using measurement-based feedback and a Josephson traveling-wave parametric amplifier

Ewa Rej, Richa Cutting, Joe Depellette, Debopam Datta, Nils Tiencken, Joonas Govenius, Visa Vesterinen, Yulong Liu, and Mika A. Sillanpää

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034009 (2025) - Published 5 March, 2025

Deterministic chaos for parallel invertible logic

K. Murali and Sudeshna Sinha

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034010 (2025) - Published 5 March, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Laser offset stabilization with chip-scale atomic diffractive elements

Heleni Krelman, Ori Nefesh, Kfir Levi, Douglas G. Bopp, Songbai Kang, John E. Kitching, and Liron Stern

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034011 (2025) - Published 6 March, 2025

Offset stabilization of a laser’s frequency relative to an atomic transition is crucial for many quantum technologies, but equipment for it is often bulky or dependent on magnetic fields, limiting integration into compact systems. Exploiting the interference properties of atoms geometrically confined within diffractive optical elements, this study presents a chip-scale, hybrid atomic-photonic approach that enables multiple stabilization points with submegahertz precision over a bandwidth of tens of gigahertz. This miniaturization, with no need for magnetic fields, points to the next generation of compact laser-stabilization devices for quantum applications and precision spectroscopy.

Rapid infrared imaging of rhombohedral graphene

Zuo Feng, Wenxuan Wang, Yilong You, Yifei Chen, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Chang Liu, Kaihui Liu, and Xiaobo Lu

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034012 (2025) - Published 6 March, 2025

Manipulation of magnetic systems by quantized surface acoustic waves via the piezomagnetic effect

Yu-Yuan Chen, Jia-Heng Wang, Lu Ning Song, and Yu-xi Liu

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034013 (2025) - Published 7 March, 2025

Characterization of coherent errors in gate layers with robustness to Pauli noise

Noah Kaufmann, Ivan Rojkov, and Florentin Reiter

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034014 (2025) - Published 7 March, 2025

Atomic electrometry based on heterodyne detection of microwave-induced optical phase shift in a Rydberg medium

Chongwu Xie, Kang-Da Wu, Chang-Ling Zou, Wei Yi, Xinkun Li, Chuan-Feng Li, Guang-Can Guo, and Guo-Yong Xiang

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034015 (2025) - Published 7 March, 2025

Encoded probabilistic imaginary-time evolution on a trapped-ion quantum computer for ground and excited states of spin qubits

Hirofumi Nishi, Yuki Takei, Taichi Kosugi, Shunsuke Mieda, Yutaka Natsume, Takeshi Aoyagi, and Yu-ichiro Matsushita

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034016 (2025) - Published 10 March, 2025

Fiber-based double-pass single-crystal photon-pair source for quantum key distribution in a network

Maximilian Tippmann, Erik Fitzke, Oleg Nikiforov, Philipp Kleinpaß, Till Dolejsky, Maximilian Mengler, and Thomas Walther

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034017 (2025) - Published 10 March, 2025

Faraday-laser-pumped cesium beam clock

Hangbo Shi, Xiaomin Qin, Haijun Chen, Yufei Yan, Ziqi Lu, Zhiyang Wang, Zijie Liu, Xiaolei Guan, Qiang Wei, Tiantian Shi, and Jingbiao Chen

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034018 (2025) - Published 10 March, 2025

Comprehensive model for evaluating voltage losses and performance improvements in thin-film photovoltaic devices

Marco Nardone, Sakshi Gupta, Eva Mulloy, Steve Johnston, Eric Colegrove, Joel N. Duenow, Brian Good, Craig L. Perkins, Darius Kuciauskas, and Matthew O. Reese

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034019 (2025) - Published 10 March, 2025

Strain- and dipole-induced interface states in gate-all-around transistors: Properties and implications for application

Yue-Yang Liu, Haoran Lu, Zirui Wang, Lang Zeng, Hui-Xiong Deng, Zhongming Wei, Lin-Wang Wang, Jun-Wei Luo, and Runsheng Wang

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034020 (2025) - Published 11 March, 2025

Beating the aliasing limit with aperiodic monotile arrays

Aurelien Mordret and Adolfo G. Grushin

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034021 (2025) - Published 11 March, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Algorithm-oriented qubit mapping for variational quantum algorithms

Yanjun Ji, Xi Chen, Ilia Polian, and Yue Ban

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034022 (2025) - Published 11 March, 2025

Variational algorithms are among the first practical applications of quantum computing, but their performance is limited by today’s noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. The authors propose scalable, depth-optimal solutions to overcome these limitations by integrating optimal mapping algorithms applied to small submodules of a given NISQ computer (focusing on popular linear and T- and H-shaped subtopologies). Identification of the best qubits combined with postselection keeps the error rate in check. The team reports up to 82% reduction in circuit depth and an average of 138% better success probability, thus paving the way for reliable quantum computing ecosystems of tomorrow.

Operating conditions and thermodynamic bounds of dual radiative heat engines

Julien Legendre and Pierre-Olivier Chapuis

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034023 (2025) - Published 12 March, 2025

Diamond-on-chip magnetic field camera for mobile imaging

Julian M. Bopp, Hauke Conradi, Felipe Perona, Anil Palaci, Jonas Wollenberg, Thomas Flisgen, Armin Liero, Heike Christopher, Norbert Keil, Wolfgang Knolle, Andrea Knigge, Wolfgang Heinrich, Moritz Kleinert, and Tim Schröder

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034024 (2025) - Published 12 March, 2025

Cryogenic growth of tantalum thin films for low-loss superconducting circuits

Teun A.J. van Schijndel, Anthony P. McFadden, Aaron N. Engel, Jason T. Dong, Wilson J. Yánez-Parreño, Manisha Parthasarathy, Raymond W. Simmonds, and Christopher J. Palmstrøm

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034025 (2025) - Published 12 March, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Nanoscale spin-wave frequency-selective limiter for 5G technology

Kristýna Davídková, Khrystyna Levchenko, Florian Bruckner, Roman Verba, Fabian Majcen, Qi Wang, Morris Lindner, Carsten Dubs, Vincent Vlaminck, Jan Klíma, Michal Urbánek, Dieter Suess, and Andrii Chumak

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034026 (2025) - Published 13 March, 2025

Power limiters are essential in rf communication systems, to protect the input channels from strong signals. Today’s semiconductor limiters suffer from high electronic noise and switching delays when approaching the gigahertz range, which is crucial for modern 5G communication technologies. The proposed solution is to use ferrite-based frequency-selective limiters (FSLs) that maintain their efficiency at such frequencies, and the authors provide proof of concept for nanoscale FSLs based on spin-wave transmission affected by four-magnon scattering. This technology could be utilized in various applications including Wi-Fi, GPS, the IoT, and communication links for self-driving vehicles.

Exciton excitation and photocurrent enhancement tuned by ferroelectric polarization in ${Sn S}_{2}$ /poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) coupling structures

Hongbin Zhang, Zhaoxuan Wu, Yu Chen, Lizhao Su, and Shuoqi Sun

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034027 (2025) - Published 13 March, 2025

Collisional broadening of $^{85} Rb$ Rydberg levels: Conclusions for vapor-cell manufacture

Mingxin Lei, Stephen P. Eckel, Eric B. Norrgard, Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Alexandra B. Artusio-Glimpse, Matthew T. Simons, and Christopher L. Holloway

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034028 (2025) - Published 13 March, 2025

Thermally controlled dual-mode ${Si}_{3} N_{4}$ microresonators for generation of octave-spanning Kerr solitons

Haizhong Weng, Huilan Tu, Vikash Kumar, Lulin Wang, Adnan Ali Afridi, Qiaoyin Lu, Dmitry Skryabin, Weihua Guo, and John F. Donegan

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034029 (2025) - Published 13 March, 2025

Dynamics of neural motifs realized with a minimal memristive neurosynaptic unit

Jiaming Wu, Adrien d’Hollande, Haoran Du, and Marcelo Rozenberg

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034030 (2025) - Published 14 March, 2025

Implementing artificial neural networks in electronic hardware has been pursued for decades, but suffers drawbacks such as device mismatch and circuit complexity, hence requiring sophisticated fabrication facilities. This study exploits the concept of memristors to implement a neuromorphic circuit of extreme simplicity. Both the neuron and synaptic circuits quantitatively realize conventional mathematical models of theoretical neuroscience and are implemented with off-the-shelf analog electronic components. This hardware model provides an affordable and easily available platform to implement spiking neural networks for basic research and practical applications.

Parallel tempering–inspired distributed binary optimization with in-memory computing

Xiangyi Zhang, Elisabetta Valiante, Moslem Noori, Chan-Woo Yang, Ignacio Rozada, Fabian Böhm, Thomas Van Vaerenbergh, Giacomo Pedretti, Masoud Mohseni, and Raymond Beausoleil

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034031 (2025) - Published 14 March, 2025

Improving the performance of parallel computing usually comes at the cost of complexity and high energy consumption. This study combines multiple in-memory computing solvers via a parallel-tempering framework, and shows an increase in the speed and energy efficiency of solving binary optimization problems with negligible energy overhead. This approach is expected to have an impact on engineering solutions to Boolean satisfiability problems, Ising machines, and other binary optimization problems with applications in fields such as circuit design and supply-chain management, among others.

Ferroelectric tuning of the valley polarized metal-semiconductor transition in ${Mn}_{2} P_{2} S_{3} {Se}_{3}$ / ${Sc}_{2} {CO}_{2}$ van der Waals heterostructures and application to nonlinear Hall effect devices

Hanbo Sun, Yewei Ren, Chao Wu, Pengqiang Dong, Weixi Zhang, Yin-Zhong Wu, and Ping Li

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034032 (2025) - Published 14 March, 2025

Physics of high-charge laser-plasma accelerators for few-MeV applications

L. Martelli, O. Kononenko, I.A. Andriyash, J. Wheeler, J. Gautier, J.-P. Goddet, A. Tafzi, R. Lahaye, C. Giaccaglia, A. Flacco, V. Tomkus, M. Mackevičiūtė, J. Dudutis, V. Stankevic, P. Gečys, G. Račiukaitis, H. Kraft, X.Q. Dinh, and C. Thaury

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034033 (2025) - Published 17 March, 2025

Quadrupolar topological behavior of elastic waves in nonsymmorphic two-dimensional square lattices

Yijie Liu, Yuyang Chen, Zhaoyang Guo, Zhi-Kang Lin, Di Zhou, Feng Li, and Ying Wu

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034034 (2025) - Published 17 March, 2025

Machine learning for improved current-density reconstruction from two-dimensional vector magnetic images

Niko R. Reed, Danyal Bhutto, Matthew J. Turner, Declan M. Daly, Sean M. Oliver, Jiashen Tang, Kevin S. Olsson, Nicholas Langellier, Mark J.H. Ku, Matthew S. Rosen, and Ronald L. Walsworth

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034035 (2025) - Published 17 March, 2025

Protocols for $\sqrt{i SWAP}$ gates using a fixed coupler driven by two microwave pulses

Peng Xu, Haitao Zhang, and Shengjun Wu

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034036 (2025) - Published 18 March, 2025

Ultrabroadband ultraviolet to x-ray radiation from microscale magnetic field arrays

Jiakang Mao, Yafeng Bai, Yushan Zeng, Qiang Chen, and Ye Tian

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034037 (2025) - Published 18 March, 2025

Harnessing high-dimensional symmetric and antisymmetric Bell states through quantum interference

Ling Hong, Yuning Zhang, Yuanyuan Chen, and Lixiang Chen

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034038 (2025) - Published 18 March, 2025

Efficient spin-orbit torques in ${Mn}_{3} Sn / Pt /$ ferromagnet multilayers induced by interfacial spin-orbit scattering

J.J. Liu, K.K. Meng, Y.Q. Ruan, W.S. Yue, L.P. Sun, Y. Wu, J.K. Chen, X.G. Xu, and Y. Jiang

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034039 (2025) - Published 18 March, 2025

Long-fiber Sagnac interferometers for twin-field quantum key distribution networks

Reem Mandil, Li Qian, and Hoi-Kwong Lo

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034040 (2025) - Published 19 March, 2025

Magnetically induced deformation of isotropic magnetoactive elastomers and its relation to the magnetorheological effect

Mehran Roghani, Dirk Romeis, Gašper Glavan, Inna A. Belyaeva, Mikhail Shamonin, and Marina Saphiannikova

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034041 (2025) - Published 19 March, 2025

Natural-frequency-adjustment characteristics of symmetric solenoids in a superconducting gravimeter

Gaojun Chen, Lu Liu, Ning Zhang, Liang Chen, and Xiangdong Liu

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034042 (2025) - Published 19 March, 2025

Bilayer magnonic crystal directional coupler: Interlayer spin-wave coupling and formation of localized beams within a three-dimensional magnonic architecture

S.A. Odintsov, S.E. Sheshukova, S.A. Nikitov, and A.V. Sadovnikov

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034043 (2025) - Published 19 March, 2025

Toffoli gadget for magnetic-tunnel-junction Boltzmann machines

Dairong Chen, Augustin Couton Wyporek, Pierre Chailloleau, Ahmed Sidi El Valli, Flaviano Morone, Stephane Mangin, Jonathan Z. Sun, Dries Sels, and Andrew D. Kent

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034044 (2025) - Published 20 March, 2025

Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) are promising building blocks for energy-efficient computing in neuromorphic and optimization applications, but implementing logic functions in coupled MTJs remains a significant challenge. This study offers an approach to building a universal reversible Toffoli gate using interacting macrospins—representing MTJ free layers—evolving under Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert dynamics. With tuning and thermal annealing, the system reliably converges on correct logic outputs, revealing strategies for embedding logic into magnetic hardware. This approach could enable more complex spintronic computational architectures founded on MTJ-based Boltzmann machines.

Analytic-signal-based input-output modeling inspires passband signal learning for spin-wave reservoir computing

Jiaxuan Chen, Yicheng Song, and Akira Hirose

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034045 (2025) - Published 20 March, 2025

High- $E_{J} / E_{C}$ transmon qudits with up to 12 levels

Zihao Wang, Rayleigh W. Parker, Elizabeth Champion, and Machiel S. Blok

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034046 (2025) - Published 20 March, 2025

Axion haloscope resonators: The polygonal coaxial cavity

R. Di Vora, A. Lombardi, A. Ortolan, G. Ruoso, C. Braggio, G. Carugno, and A. Gardikiotis

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034047 (2025) - Published 20 March, 2025

Discovery of optimal quantum codes via reinforcement learning

Vincent Paul Su, ChunJun Cao, Hong-Ye Hu, Yariv Yanay, Charles Tahan, and Brian Swingle

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034048 (2025) - Published 20 March, 2025

Quantum transport for the gate-length scaling limit of $Si$ nanowire field-effect transistors based on calibrated $k \cdot p$ Hamiltonian parameters

Guohui Zhan, Tongshuai Zhu, Jiaxin Yao, Kun Luo, Huaixiang Yin, Shengli Zhang, and Zhenhua Wu

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034049 (2025) - Published 20 March, 2025

Cavity-enhanced emission and absorption of color centers in a diamond membrane with selectable strain

Robert Berghaus, Selene Sachero, Gregor Bayer, Julia Heupel, Tobias Herzig, Florian Feuchtmayr, Jan Meijer, Cyril Popov, and Alexander Kubanek

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034050 (2025) - Published 20 March, 2025

Training a multilayer dynamical spintronic network with standard machine-learning tools to perform time-series classification

Erwan Plouet, Dédalo Sanz-Hernández, Aymeric Vecchiola, Julie Grollier, and Frank Mizrahi

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034051 (2025) - Published 21 March, 2025

Networks of spintronic nano-oscillators promise to process time series in a fast and energy-efficient way. However, realizations leveraging the transient dynamics of spintronic oscillators have been limited to training-free or single-layer networks. Through numerical simulations, the authors show how to train a multilayer dynamical spintronic network using standard machine-learning tools and derive design guidelines. These results are a key step toward using deep dynamical networks in applications such as smart sensors, personal assistants, and medical devices.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Universal high-fidelity quantum gates for spin qubits in diamond

H.P. Bartling, J. Yun, K.N. Schymik, M. van Riggelen, L.A. Enthoven, H.B. van Ommen, M. Babaie, F. Sebastiano, M. Markham, D.J. Twitchen, and T.H. Taminiau

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034052 (2025) - Published 21 March, 2025

Spins associated with color centers are promising qubits for quantum computation and quantum networks. One of the key challenges toward larger-scale systems is to improve the quality of gate operations. This study realizes a complete set of high-quality gates for the two-qubit system formed by the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond, using gate designs that protect the qubits from unwanted interactions. These gates are characterized by gate-set tomography, and demonstrate high fidelities for both single- and two-qubit gates. These methods provide opportunities to realize high-quality gates for a variety of color centers in various materials, including diamond, silicon carbide, and silicon.

Compact on-chip ultrasonic motor actuated by surface-bounded sonic orbital angular momentum

Chengyu Zhao, Kai Wu, Jingjing Liu, Bin Liang, and Jian-chun Cheng

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034053 (2025) - Published 21 March, 2025

Broadband tunable sound transparency via underwater metasurfaces

Ya-nan Hou, Ruizhi Dong, Hongyu Ma, Xu Wang, and Yong Li

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034054 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Frequency-modulated continuous-wave quantum interferometric lidar with enhanced accuracy and resolution

Ming-Da Huang, Zhan-Feng Jiang, Hong-Yi Chen, Ying Zuo, Xiao-Peng Hu, Hai-Dong Yuan, Li-Jian Zhang, and Qi Qin

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034055 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Thermal analysis of the inertial sensor during the preliminary stage of the TianQin project

Yuxiang Wang, Wenhai Tan, Wenbo Chang, Baoxing Chen, Wei Li, Chao Xue, Qi Liu, Zhu Li, and Shanqing Yang

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034056 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Measurement-device-independent quantum-secret-sharing networks with linear Bell-state analysis

Tianqi Liu, Jiancheng Lai, Zhenhua Li, and Tao Li

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034057 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Chiral microwave nonreciprocity demonstrated via Rayleigh and Sezawa modes supported in an ${Al}_{0.58} {Sc}_{0.42} N / 4 H − Si C$ platform

A.R. Will-Cole, Xingyu Du, Bin Luo, Valeria Lauter, Alexander Grutter, Lisa Hackett, Michael Miller, Yuanchen Deng, Brandon Smith, Olivia Pitcl, Nian X. Sun, Roy H. Olsson, III, and Matt Eichenfield

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034058 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Integration of graphene-based superconducting quantum circuits in a three-dimensional cavity

Kuei-Lin Chiu, Youyi Chang, Avishma J. Lasrado, Cheng-Han Lo, Yung-Hsiang Chen, Tao-Yi Hsu, Yen-Chih Chen, Yi-Chen Tsai, Samina, Yen-Hsiang Lin, and Chung-Ting Ke

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034059 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Dynamic compensation for pump-induced frequency shift in Kerr-cat qubit initialization

Yifang Xu, Ziyue Hua, Weiting Wang, Yuwei Ma, Ming Li, Jiajun Chen, Jie Zhou, Xiaoxuan Pan, Lintao Xiao, Hongwei Huang, Weizhou Cai, Hao Ai, Yu-xi Liu, Chang-Ling Zou, and Luyan Sun

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034060 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Transition-free ultrawideband waveguide filter based on effective surface plasmon polaritons

Hongyi Li, Ling Jian, Liangliang Liu, Lingyun Niu, Lepeng Zhang, Jindi Huang, Haochi Zhang, Dongjue Liu, Hao Hu, Yu Luo, and Zhuo Li

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034061 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Generation of gigahertz-frequency surface acoustic waves in Y₃Fe₅O₁₂/ZnO heterostructures

Finlay Ryburn, Kevin Künstle, Yangzhan Zhang, Yannik Kunz, Timmy Reimann, Morris Lindner, Carsten Dubs, John F. Gregg, and Mathias Weiler

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034062 (2025) - Published 24 March, 2025

Enhanced absorption in Doppler-free spectroscopy of the $Rb$ atom $D_{1}$ line with monochromatic light: Application to laser-frequency stabilization

Peter Yun (云恩学), Rodolphe Boudot, Qiang Hao, and Shougang Zhang

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034063 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Probe-position determination with multichannel $I$ - $V$ measurements in a two-dimensional sheet: Computational method and mathematical analysis

Tomoyuki Iori and Ryu Yukawa

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034064 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Quantitative formulation of frequency-dependent interaction force for practical applications in amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

Kenichi Umeda, Karen Kamoshita, and Noriyuki Kodera

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034065 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Physics-knowledge-integrated neural network for quantum transport prediction of field-effect transistors

Xiuying Zhang, Linqiang Xu, Jing Lu, Zhaofu Zhang, and Lei Shen

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034066 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Parametric longitudinal coupling of a semiconductor charge qubit and an rf resonator

V. Champain, S. Zihlmann, A. Chessari, B. Bertrand, H. Niebojewski, É. Dumur, X. Jehl, V. Schmitt, B. Brun, C. Winkelmann, Y.M. Niquet, M. Filippone, S. De Franceschi, and R. Maurand

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034067 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Disorder effects in planar semiconductor-superconductor structures: Majorana wires versus Josephson junctions

Purna P. Paudel, Nathan O. Smith, and Tudor D. Stanescu

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034068 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Nanophotonic superdephasing in collective atom-atom interactions

Wenbo Sun, Adrian E. Rubio López, and Zubin Jacob

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034069 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Inverse design of multistable kirigami metamaterial via geometry-enabled shape programming and transforming

Yanqi Yin, Yunzhou Hu, Yang Yu, Yupei Zhang, Chen Liu, Wenjie Sun, and Bo Li

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034070 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Focusing scattered light with upconversion-nanoparticle-guided wavefront shaping

Jiaming Liang, Zhongzheng Zhu, Daixuan Wu, Yuecheng Shen, Jiawei Luo, Zhengyang Wang, Zhiling Zhang, Dalong Qi, Yunhua Yao, Lianzhong Deng, Fan Li, Zhenrong Sun, Zhi-Chao Luo, and Shian Zhang

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034071 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Efficient elastic wave absorption via lossy hybrid elastic metasurfaces

Yiting Cheng, Yufeng Li, Yunhao Zhang, Tian Zhao, Yongquan Liu, and Zhendong Sha

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034072 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Exploring the experimental limit of deep quantum signal processing using a trapped-ion simulator

J.-T. Bu, Lei Zhang, Zhan Yu, Jing-Bo Wang, W.-Q. Ding, W.-F. Yuan, B. Wang, H.-J. Du, W.-J. Chen, L. Chen, J.-W. Zhang, J.-C. Li, F. Zhou, Xin Wang, and M. Feng

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034073 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Engineering of topological tunneling transistors via quantum point contact

Gongwei Hu, Jiaqi Yang, Haozhen Chen, Min Liu, Shuaiwei Fan, Fobao Huang, Qiao Chen, and Minjiang Dan

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034074 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Deviation from Debye-Waller behavior in single crystalline freestanding $Ni O$ membranes studied via ultrafast electron diffraction

Jacob J. Wisser, Alexander Reid, Varun Harbola, Duan Luo, Xiaozhe Shen, Patrick L. Kramer, Emily R. Lindgren, Chenyi Xia, Matthias C. Hoffmann, Aaron M. Lindenberg, Harold Hwang, and Yuri Suzuki

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034075 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Many-body quantum chaos, localization, and multiphoton entanglement in optical synthetic frequency dimension

Junlin Wang, Luojia Wang, Jinlou Ma, Ang Yang, Luqi Yuan, and Lei Ying

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034076 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Significant photothermoelectric effect of topological semimetals at infrared bands

Cheng-Hao Yin, Hong-Tao Jiang, Yang-Yang Lv, Shu-Hua Yao, Jian Zhou, Y. B. Chen, and Yan-Feng Chen

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034077 (2025) - Published 25 March, 2025

Charge-state estimation in quantum dots using a Bayesian approach

Motoya Shinozaki, Yui Muto, Takahito Kitada, and Tomohiro Otsuka

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034078 (2025) - Published 26 March, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

General protocols for the efficient distillation of indistinguishable photons

Jason Saied, Jeffrey Marshall, Namit Anand, and Eleanor G. Rieffel

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034079 (2025) - Published 26 March, 2025

Fault-tolerant linear optical quantum computation relies on interference between identical photons to generate entanglement. Unfortunately, photons in the lab tend to be partially distinguishable, generating less entanglement and causing unheralded errors. The authors introduce families of distillation schemes that use n-photon interference and postselection to filter out “bad” photons and reduce distinguishability by a factor of n, with resource costs scaling only linearly in n. Along the way, the team also resolves an open problem regarding n-mode Fourier interferometers, namely that the Zero Transmission Law characterizes all suppression if and only if n is a prime power.

Improved laser-filtering scheme for quantum manipulations with the $^{171} {Yb}^{+}$ optical qubit

Nikita Semenin, Ilia Zalivako, Vasily Smirnov, Ilya Semerikov, Alexander Borisenko, Andrey Korolkov, Pavel Sidorov, Kristina Galstyan, Ksenia Khabarova, and Nikolay Kolachevsky

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034080 (2025) - Published 26 March, 2025

Microcoil for magnetization reset during time-resolved measurements

Connor R.J. Sait, Thomas H.J. Loughran, Maciej Da̧browski, Paul S. Keatley, and Robert J. Hicken

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034081 (2025) - Published 26 March, 2025

Superconductor-semiconductor-superconductor lateral heterojunction diodes based on $M {Si}_{2} N_{4}$ ( $M$ = $Ta, Mo$ , $W$ ) monolayers

Xiaozheng Fan, Ruqian Wu, Chunlan Ma, Shijing Gong, Chuanxi Zhao, Tianxing Wang, Xiao Dong, Shaoqian Yin, and Yipeng An

Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 034082 (2025) - Published 27 March, 2025

Volume 23, Issue 3

EDITORIALS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS

HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES

LETTERS

ARTICLES