• Accepted Paper

Characterizing local state distinguishability with non-maximal entanglement

Atanu Bhunia, Priyabrata Char, Subrata Bera, Indranil Biswas, Indrani Chattopadhyay, and Debasis Sarkar

APS Open Sci. - Accepted 11 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/h7kx-vmtx

Abstract

Perfect LOCC discrimination of locally indistinguishable quantum states usually requires maximally entangled states as a resource. Whether non-maximally entangled resources can enable perfect LOCC discrimination of locally indistinguishable states remains an open problem in this area of research. The states in the 3-qubit GHZ SLOCC class can display various entanglement distribution patterns, including cases with no bipartite entanglement in any reduced subsystems, or instances where bipartite entanglement occurs across one, two, or all three reduced subsystems. Significant research has explored how such states can be used in entanglement-assisted discrimination tasks. In this manuscript, we investigate the distinguishability of orthogonal product states using GHZ SLOCC class non-maximal entangled states, and we identify two non-maximal GHZ SLOCC states that facilitate perfect distinguishability. Additionally, we analyze the relationship between the probability of error and the amount of bipartite and multiparty entanglement. Our analysis focuses on how the distribution of entanglement affects the accuracy of state discrimination.

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