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Colloquium: Strongly dipolar molecular Bose-Einstein condensates: From few- to many-body physics

Andreas Schindewolf, Jens Hertkorn, Ian Stevenson, Matteo Ciardi, Phillip Groß, Dajun Wang, Tijs Karman, Goulven Quéméner, Sebastian Will et al.

Andreas Schindewolf

  • Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria

Jens Hertkorn

  • MIT-Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, Research Laboratory of Electronics, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

Ian Stevenson

Matteo Ciardi

  • Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria

Phillip Groß

  • Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria

Dajun Wang

Tijs Karman

Goulven Quéméner

Sebastian Will

Thomas Pohl

  • Institute for Theoretical Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/136, 1040 Vienna, Austria

Tim Langen*

  • Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria and 5. Physikalisches Institut and Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology, Universität Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany

  • *Contact author: tim.langen@tuwien.ac.at
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 98, 031002 – Published 20 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/r55l-f93m

Abstract

Recent advances in molecular cooling have enabled the realization of strongly dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of molecules, and BECs of many different molecular species may become experimentally accessible in the near future. Here the unique properties of such BECs and the new insights they may offer into dipolar quantum fluids and many-body physics are explored. The Colloquium examines which parameter regimes can realistically be achieved using currently available experimental techniques, discusses how to implement these techniques, and outlines which molecular species are particularly well suited to exploring exotic new states of matter. The Colloquium further determines how state-of-the-art beyond-mean-field theories, originally developed for weakly dipolar magnetic gases, can be pushed to their limits and beyond, and what other long-standing questions in the field of dipolar physics may realistically come into reach using molecular systems.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 98, 031002– Published 20 August, 2026
  • Received 12 July 2024
Article part of CHORUS
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