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Cosmological gravitational particle production and its implications for cosmological relics

Edward W. Kolb* and Andrew J. Long†

Edward W. Kolb*

  • Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics and Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA

Andrew J. Long†

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, USA

  • *Contact author: rocky.kolb@uchicago.edu
  • †Contact author: andrewjlong@rice.edu
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 96, 045005 – Published 25 November, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.96.045005

Abstract

Cosmological gravitational particle production (CGPP) is the creation of particles in an expanding universe due solely to their gravitational interaction. These particles can play an important role in the cosmic history through their connection to various cosmological relics including dark matter, gravitational-wave radiation, dark radiation, and the baryon asymmetry. This review explains the phenomenon of CGPP as a consequence of quantum fields in a time-dependent background, catalogs known results for the spectra and cosmological abundance of gravitationally produced particles of various spins, and explores the phenomenological consequences and observational signatures of CGPP.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 96, 045005– Published 25 November, 2024
  • Received 3 December 2023
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