From the fundamentals of phase separation, dynamics and structure of condensates in biological settings, to advanced imaging methods, this special collection presented by PRX Life showcases exciting and timely work on the physics of biomolecular condensates.

This Invited Collection is coordinated by PRX Life Associate Editor Christoph Weber, in consultation with Jerelle Joseph, Simon Alberti, and Tanja Mittag. Every article published in this collection underwent a rigorous peer review process, adhering to the same high standards applied to all papers handled by the journal. The PRX Life editorial team managed the peer review and made all editorial decisions.

While arginine-rich peptides accelerate the nucleation of inter-protein beta-sheet structures in TDP-43, RNA and HSP70 slow their emergence — revealing the importance of client biomolecules in the stability and aging kinetics of RNA binding proteins.

The co-localization of viral RNA and capsids within a condensate strongly enhances assembly rates, yields, and selectivity — suggesting that viral condensates provide a mechanism to ensure the robust and selective assembly of virions around viral genomes.

By analyzing how multicomponent mixtures separate into distinct phases, this framework uncovers two scaling regimes, providing a quantitative way to characterize condensate phase behavior.

This work introduces an extended coarsening model of chromosomal crossover placement, which provides a coherent explanation of experimental data across mutants by incorporating material exchanges between droplets, the synaptonemal complex, and the nucleoplasm.

Mobile membrane tethers dynamically alter wetting properties, driving the localization and organization of biomolecular condensates along complex cellular membrane geometries.

Atomic force microscopy is used to directly visualize conformational transitions in GM130 Golgi tether proteins, which drive condensate formation.

Nuclear condensates exhibit critical-like capillary behavior and unexpected bending elasticity, enabling their interfacial mechanics to be measured noninvasively in living cells.

A new confocal imaging method reveals that protein folding stability inside stress granules in living cells defies expectations from test-tube studies.

Attachment and detachment of molecules to and from the internal network of a biomolecular condensate can reshape its material exchange dynamics.

Raster image correlation spectroscopy offers a nondestructive fluorescence-based method for probing biomolecular condensate properties in situ.

An automated, scalable workflow quantifies condensate wetting on flat substrates such as supported lipid membranes, enabling systematic analysis of how changes in composition modulate condensate–surface interactions.

Acoustic trapping offers a contactless way to read the mechanical “fingerprint” of soft biopolymer condensates, revealing how their stiffness shifts with environment.

A computational model reveals how chromatin condensates can create bistable heterochromatin states, linking molecular interactions, diffusing cofactors, 3D genome organization, and epigenetic memory.

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