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  • Perspective
  • Open Access

Generalized Hydrodynamics: A Perspective

Benjamin Doyon1, Sarang Gopalakrishnan2, Frederik Møller3, Jörg Schmiedmayer3, and Romain Vasseur4,5

  • 1Department of Mathematics, King’s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
  • 2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
  • 3Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Stadionallee 2, A-1020 Vienna, Austria
  • 4Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève, Switzerland
  • 5Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA

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Phys. Rev. X 15, 010501 – Published 29 January, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.15.010501

Abstract

Conventional hydrodynamics describes systems with few long-lived excitations. In one dimension, however, many experimentally relevant systems feature a large number of long-lived excitations and conserved quantities even at high temperature, because they are proximate to integrable limits. Such models cannot be treated using conventional hydrodynamics. The framework of generalized hydrodynamics (GHD) was recently developed to treat the dynamics of one-dimensional models: It combines ideas from integrability, hydrodynamics, and kinetic theory to come up with a quantitative theory of transport. GHD has successfully settled several long-standing questions about one-dimensional transport; it has also been leveraged to study dynamical questions beyond the transport of conserved quantities and to systems that are not integrable. In this article, we introduce the main ideas and predictions of GHD, survey some of the most recent theoretical extensions and experimental tests of the GHD framework, and discuss some open questions in transport that the GHD perspective might elucidate.

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Phys. Rev. X 15, 010501– Published 29 January, 2025
  • Received 13 February 2024
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