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Ramsey interferometry of non-Hermitian quantum impurities

F. Tonielli1, N. Chakraborty2,3,4, F. Grusdt5,6, and J. Marino7,8

  • 1Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Cologne, Germany
  • 2Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546
  • 3Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527
  • 4Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
  • 5Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstraße 4, D-80799 München, Germany
  • 6Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, D-80799 München, Germany
  • 7Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
  • 8Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA

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Phys. Rev. Research 2, 032003(R) – Published 1 July, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevResearch.2.032003

Abstract

We introduce a Ramsey pulse scheme which extracts the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian associated with an arbitrary Lindblad dynamics. We propose a related protocol to measure via interferometry a generalized Loschmidt echo of a generic state evolving in time with the non-Hermitian Hamiltonian itself, and we apply the scheme to a one-dimensional weakly interacting Bose gas coupled to a stochastic atomic impurity. The Loschmidt echo is mapped into a functional integral from which we calculate the long-time decohering dynamics at arbitrary impurity strengths. For strong dissipation we uncover the phenomenology of a quantum many-body Zeno effect: Corrections to the decoherence exponent resulting from the impurity self-energy become purely imaginary, in contrast to the regime of small dissipation where they instead enhance the decay of quantum coherences. Our results illustrate the prospects for experiments employing Ramsey interferometry to study dissipative quantum impurities in condensed matter and cold-atom systems.

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Phys. Rev. Research 2, 032003(R)– Published 1 July, 2020
  • Received 15 March 2020
  • Accepted 17 June 2020
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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