Volume 97, Issue 13

29 September 2006

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On the Cover

Schematic of Particle Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (PASER) compared to analogous processes. In PASER, bound electrons in excited atoms (yellow) are stimulated by a bunched beam of electrons (orange bars) and transfer energy into accelerating the electron motion (red bars). See also Physics News Update story at

From the article:

Experimental Observation of Direct Particle Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Samer Banna, Valery Berezovsky, and Levi Schächter
Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 134801 (2006)

LETTERS

General Physics: Statistical and Quantum Mechanics, Quantum Information, etc.

Biased Diffusion and Universality in Model Queues

G. Grinstein and R. Linsker

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130201 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Hamiltonian Approach to the Dynamical Casimir Effect

Jaume Haro and Emilio Elizalde

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130401 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Zeno and Anti-Zeno Effects for Quantum Brownian Motion

Sabrina Maniscalco, Jyrki Piilo, and Kalle-Antti Suominen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130402 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Projections of Quantum Observables onto Classical Degrees of Freedom in Mixed Quantum-Classical Simulations: Understanding Linear Response Failure for the Photoexcited Hydrated Electron

Michael J. Bedard-Hearn, Ross E. Larsen, and Benjamin J. Schwartz

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130403 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Spontaneous Circulation in Ground-State Spinor Dipolar Bose-Einstein Condensates

Yuki Kawaguchi, Hiroki Saito, and Masahito Ueda

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130404 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Separable Measurement Estimation of Density Matrices and its Fidelity Gap with Collective Protocols

E. Bagan, M. A. Ballester, R. D. Gill, R. Muñoz-Tapia, and O. Romero-Isart

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130501 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Generic Entanglement and Standard Form for $N$ -Mode Pure Gaussian States

Gerardo Adesso

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130502 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Quantum Pattern Retrieval by Qubit Networks with Hebb Interactions

M. Cristina Diamantini and Carlo A. Trugenberger

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130503 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Accurate Optical Lattice Clock with ${}^{87}{Sr}$ Atoms

Rodolphe Le Targat, Xavier Baillard, Mathilde Fouché, Anders Brusch, Olivier Tcherbakoff, Giovanni D. Rovera, and Pierre Lemonde

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 130801 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Gravitation and Astrophysics

Codimension-Two Critical Behavior in Vacuum Gravitational Collapse

Piotr Bizoń, Tadeusz Chmaj, and Bernd G. Schmidt

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131101 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Constraining a Possible Time Variation of the Gravitational Constant through “Gravitochemical Heating” of Neutron Stars

Paula Jofré, Andreas Reisenegger, and Rodrigo Fernández

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131102 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006

Postsphaleron Baryogenesis

K. S. Babu, R. N. Mohapatra, and S. Nasri

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131301 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Ellipsoidal Universe Can Solve the Cosmic Microwave Background Quadrupole Problem

L. Campanelli, P. Cea, and L. Tedesco

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131302 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Galilean Equivalence for Galactic Dark Matter

Michael Kesden and Marc Kamionkowski

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131303 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Elementary Particles and Fields

Improved Experimental Limit on the Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron

C. A. Baker, D. D. Doyle, P. Geltenbort, K. Green, M. G. D. van der Grinten, P. G. Harris, P. Iaydjiev, S. N. Ivanov, D. J. R. May, J. M. Pendlebury, J. D. Richardson, D. Shiers, and K. F. Smith

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131801 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Has New Physics Already Been Seen in $B_{d}$ Meson Decays?

Rahul Sinha, Basudha Misra, and Wei-Shu Hou

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 131802 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Nuclear Physics

Strange Baryon Resonance Production in $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$ $p + p$ and $Au + Au$ Collisions

B. I. Abelev et al. (STAR Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 132301 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Isospin Symmetry of Odd-Odd Mirror Nuclei: Identification of Excited States in $N = Z - 2$ ${}^{48}{Mn}$

M. A. Bentley, C. Chandler, M. J. Taylor, J. R. Brown, M. P. Carpenter, C. Davids, J. Ekman, S. J. Freeman, P. E. Garrett, G. Hammond, R. V. F. Janssens, S. M. Lenzi, C. J. Lister, R. du Rietz, and D. Seweryniak

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 132501 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Isotope Shift of the $3 {}^{2}S_{1 / 2} − 2 {}^{2}S_{1 / 2}$ Transition in Lithium and the Nuclear Polarizability

M. Puchalski, A. M. Moro, and K. Pachucki

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 133001 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Collision-Induced Dissociation of Hydrated Adenosine Monophosphate Nucleotide Ions: Protection of the Ion in Water Nanoclusters

B. Liu, S. Brøndsted Nielsen, P. Hvelplund, H. Zettergren, H. Cederquist, B. Manil, and B. A. Huber

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 133401 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Coarsening and Pearling Instabilities in Silver Nanofractal Aggregates

A. Lando, N. Kébaïli, Ph. Cahuzac, A. Masson, and C. Bréchignac

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 133402 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

High-Sensitivity Optical Monitoring of a Micromechanical Resonator with a Quantum-Limited Optomechanical Sensor

O. Arcizet, P.-F. Cohadon, T. Briant, M. Pinard, A. Heidmann, J.-M. Mackowski, C. Michel, L. Pinard, O. Français, and L. Rousseau

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 133601 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc.

Reduction of Guided Acoustic Wave Brillouin Scattering in Photonic Crystal Fibers

D. Elser, U. L. Andersen, A. Korn, O. Glöckl, S. Lorenz, Ch. Marquardt, and G. Leuchs

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 133901 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Optical Momentum Transfer to Absorbing Mie Particles

Brandon A. Kemp, Tomasz M. Grzegorczyk, and Jin Au Kong

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 133902 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Dissipative Viscoplastic Deformation in Dynamic Fracture: Tip Blunting and Velocity Selection

Eran Bouchbinder, Anna Pomyalov, and Itamar Procaccia

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 134301 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Multiscale Modeling of Liquids with Molecular Specificity

G. De Fabritiis, R. Delgado-Buscalioni, and P. V. Coveney

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 134501 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Dynamics of a Deformable Body in a Fast Flowing Soap Film

Sunghwan Jung, Kathleen Mareck, Michael Shelley, and Jun Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 134502 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Plasma and Beam Physics

Experimental Observation of Direct Particle Acceleration by Stimulated Emission of Radiation

Samer Banna, Valery Berezovsky, and Levi Schächter

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 134801 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Radial Structure of Alfvén Eigenmodes in the DIII-D Tokamak through Electron-Cyclotron-Emission Measurements

M. A. Van Zeeland, G. J. Kramer, M. E. Austin, R. L. Boivin, W. W. Heidbrink, M. A. Makowski, G. R. McKee, R. Nazikian, W. M. Solomon, and G. Wang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135001 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Coupling between Global Geometry and the Local Hall Effect Leading to Reconnection-Layer Symmetry Breaking

Michiaki Inomoto, Stefan P. Gerhardt, Masaaki Yamada, Hantao Ji, Elena Belova, Aleksey Kuritsyn, and Yang Ren

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135002 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Measuring $E$ and $B$ Fields in Laser-Produced Plasmas with Monoenergetic Proton Radiography

C. K. Li, F. H. Séguin, J. A. Frenje, J. R. Rygg, R. D. Petrasso, R. P. J. Town, P. A. Amendt, S. P. Hatchett, O. L. Landen, A. J. Mackinnon, P. K. Patel, V. A. Smalyuk, T. C. Sangster, and J. P. Knauer

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135003 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.

Effect of Densification on the Density of Vibrational States of Glasses

A. Monaco, A. I. Chumakov, G. Monaco, W. A. Crichton, A. Meyer, L. Comez, D. Fioretto, J. Korecki, and R. Rüffer

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135501 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

${}^{29}{Si}$ Hyperfine Structure of the $E^{'}_{α}$ Center in Amorphous Silicon Dioxide

G. Buscarino, S. Agnello, and F. M. Gelardi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135502 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Three-Dimensional Resonant Coherent Excitation of Nonchanneling Ions in a Crystal

C. Kondo, S. Masugi, Y. Nakano, A. Hatakeyama, T. Azuma, K. Komaki, Y. Yamazaki, T. Murakami, and E. Takada

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135503 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Scaling Exponents for Fracture Surfaces in Homogeneous Glass and Glassy Ceramics

D. Bonamy, L. Ponson, S. Prades, E. Bouchaud, and C. Guillot

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135504 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006

Correlation of Primary and Secondary Relaxations in a Supercooled Liquid

R. Böhmer, G. Diezemann, B. Geil, G. Hinze, A. Nowaczyk, and M. Winterlich

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135701 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Vacancy-Assisted Diffusion in Silicon: A Three-Temperature-Regime Model

Damien Caliste and Pascal Pochet

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 135901 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Single-Atom Contact Mechanics: From Atomic Scale Energy Barrier to Mechanical Relaxation Hysteresis

André Schirmeisen, Domenique Weiner, and Harald Fuchs

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136101 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Electrowetting with Electrolytes

Charles W. Monroe, Leonid I. Daikhin, Michael Urbakh, and Alexei A. Kornyshev

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136102 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Simple Model of Skin Formation Caused by Solvent Evaporation in Polymer Solutions

Tohru Okuzono, Kin’ya Ozawa, and Masao Doi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136103 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Wetting Transitions in Polydisperse Fluids

Matteo Buzzacchi, Nigel B. Wilding, and Peter Sollich

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136104 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Sharp Corners in the Cross Section of Ultrathin Si Nanowires

J. X. Cao, X. G. Gong, J. X. Zhong, and R. Q. Wu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136105 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Predictions and Observations of Multiple Slip Modes in Atomic-Scale Friction

Sergey N. Medyanik, Wing Kam Liu, In-Ha Sung, and Robert W. Carpick

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136106 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Role of ${Au}^{+}$ in Supporting and Activating ${Au}_{7}$ on ${TiO}_{2} (110)$

J. G. Wang and B. Hammer

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136107 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006

Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.

Breakup of the Fermi Surface Near the Mott Transition in Low-Dimensional Systems

C. Berthod, T. Giamarchi, S. Biermann, and A. Georges

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136401 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

SU(2) Gauge Theory of the Hubbard Model: Emergence of an Anomalous Metallic Phase near the Mott Critical Point

Ki-Seok Kim

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136402 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Direct Evidence for Conduction Pathways in a Solid Electrolyte

Conrad Escher, Tatiana Latychevskaia, Hans-Werner Fink, and Dieter W. Pohl

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136601 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Optical Measurement and Control of Spin Diffusion in $n$ -Doped GaAs Quantum Wells

S. G. Carter, Z. Chen, and S. T. Cundiff

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136602 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Intrinsic Domain-Wall Resistance in Ferromagnetic Semiconductors

Anh Kiet Nguyen, R. V. Shchelushkin, and Arne Brataas

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136603 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Spin Correlations and Finite-Size Effects in the One-Dimensional Kondo Box

Thomas Hand, Johann Kroha, and Hartmut Monien

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136604 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Effect of Strain on the Carrier Mobility in Heavily Doped $p$ -Type Si

Lucia Romano, Alberto Maria Piro, Maria Grazia Grimaldi, Gabriele Bisognin, Enrico Napolitani, and Davide De Salvador

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136605 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Magnetic Fullerenes inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

F. Simon, H. Kuzmany, B. Náfrádi, T. Fehér, L. Forró, F. Fülöp, A. Jánossy, L. Korecz, A. Rockenbauer, F. Hauke, and A. Hirsch

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 136801 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Magnetic-Field Enhancement of Superconductivity in Ultranarrow Wires

A. Rogachev, T.-C. Wei, D. Pekker, A. T. Bollinger, P. M. Goldbart, and A. Bezryadin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137001 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Symmetric and Asymmetric Vortex-Antivortex Molecules in a Fourfold Superconducting Geometry

R. Geurts, M. V. Milošević, and F. M. Peeters

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137002 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Phase Textures Induced by dc-Current Pair Breaking in Weakly Coupled Multilayer Structures and Two-Gap Superconductors

A. Gurevich and V. M. Vinokur

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137003 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006

Critical Behavior of Griffiths Ferromagnets

Pak Yuen Chan, Nigel Goldenfeld, and Myron Salamon

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137201 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Dynamics of a Pinned Magnetic Vortex

R. L. Compton and P. A. Crowell

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137202 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Determination of the Antiferroquadrupolar Order Parameters in ${UPd}_{3}$

H. C. Walker, K. A. McEwen, D. F. McMorrow, S. B. Wilkins, F. Wastin, E. Colineau, and D. Fort

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137203 (2006) - Published 27 September, 2006

Quantum Spin Glass and the Dipolar Interaction

Moshe Schechter and Nicolas Laflorencie

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137204 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Opposite Spin Asymmetry of Elastic and Inelastic Scattering of Nonequilibrium Holes Injected into a Ferromagnet

B. G. Park, T. Banerjee, J. C. Lodder, and R. Jansen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137205 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Electron Spin Resonance of Proton-Irradiated Graphite

Kyu Won Lee and Cheol Eui Lee

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137206 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Easily Coupled Whispering Gallery Plasmons in Dielectric Nanospheres Embedded in Gold Films

R. M. Cole, Y. Sugawara, J. J. Baumberg, S. Mahajan, M. Abdelsalam, and P. N. Bartlett

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137401 (2006) - Published 25 September, 2006

Ab Initio Calculation of Optical Spectra of Liquids: Many-Body Effects in the Electronic Excitations of Water

V. Garbuio, M. Cascella, L. Reining, R. Del Sole, and O. Pulci

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137402 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006

Origin of the Relaxor State in $Pb (B_{x} B_{1 - x}^{'}) O_{3}$ Perovskites

Silvia Tinte, B. P. Burton, Eric Cockayne, and U. V. Waghmare

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 137601 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006

Soft Matter, Biological, and Interdisciplinary Physics

ERRATA

Erratum: Determination of the Orbital Polarization in ${YTiO}_{3}$ by Using Soft X-Ray Linear Dichroism [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 257207 (2004)]

F. Iga, M. Tsubota, M. Sawada, H. B. Huang, S. Kura, M. Takemura, K. Yaji, M. Nagira, A. Kimura, T. Jo, T. Takabatake, H. Namatame, and M. Taniguchi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 139901 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Publisher’s Note: Dipolar Effect in Coherent Spin Mixing of Two Atoms in a Single Optical Lattice Site [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 123201 (2006)]

B. Sun, W. X. Zhang, S. Yi, M. S. Chapman, and L. You

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 139902 (2006) - Published 26 September, 2006

Erratum: Absolute Frequency Measurements of the $2 {}^{3}S_{1} \to 2 {}^{3}P_{0, 1, 2}$ Atomic Helium Transitions around 1083 nm [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 023001 (2004)]

P. Cancio Pastor, G. Giusfredi, P. De Natale, G. Hagel, C. de Mauro, and M. Inguscio

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 139903 (2006) - Published 28 September, 2006

Publisher’s Note: Signatures of the Unruh Effect from Electrons Accelerated by Ultrastrong Laser Fields [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 121302 (2006)]

Ralf Schützhold, Gernot Schaller, and Dietrich Habs

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 139904 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006

Erratum: Onset of Metallic Behavior in Magnesium Clusters [Phys. Rev. Lett. 89, 213403 (2002)]

Owen C. Thomas, Weijun Zheng, Shoujun Xu, and Kit H. Bowen, Jr.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 139905 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006

Erratum: Quantum Effects in a Half-Polarized Pyrochlore Antiferromagnet [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 097207 (2006)]

Doron L. Bergman, Ryuichi Shindou, Gregory A. Fiete, and Leon Balents

Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 139906 (2006) - Published 29 September, 2006