Volume 135, Issue 4

25 July 2025

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On the Cover

A nickel vacancy defect in diamond is located between two boron-implanted regions (blue) that are electrically contacted to form a junction for charge state control. The defect is optically addressed by a laser.

From the article:

Lifetime-Limited and Tunable Emission from Single Charge-Stabilized Nickel Vacancy Centers in Diamond
I. M. Morris, T. Lühmann, K. Klink, L. Crooks, D. Hardeman, D. J. Twitchen, S. Pezzagna, J. Meijer, S. S. Nicley, and J. N. Becker
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043602 (2025)

HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Physical Interpretation of Imaginary Time Delay

Isabella L. Giovannelli and Steven M. Anlage

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043801 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

The time delay experienced by a scattered light signal has an imaginary part that was considered unobservable, but researchers have isolated its effect in a frequency shift.

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

Enhanced Superconducting Gap in the Outer ${CuO}_{2}$ Plane of the Trilayer Cuprate $(Hg, Re) {Ba}_{2} {Ca}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{8 + δ}$

M. Horio, M. Miyamoto, Y. Mino, S. Ishida, B. Thiagarajan, C. M. Polley, C. H. Lee, T. Nishio, H. Eisaki, and I. Matsuda

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046501 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

The material with the highest-temperature superconductivity at ambient pressure has received less attention than its easier-to-prepare relatives—until now.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Effective Theory for Strongly Attractive One-Dimensional Fermions

Timothy G. Backert, Fabian Brauneis, Matija Čufar, Joachim Brand, Hans-Werner Hammer, and Artem G. Volosniev

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040401 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

The problem of strongly attractive fermionic systems in one dimension can be tackled by semianalytical methods.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Finite-Temperature Quantum Topological Order in Three Dimensions

Shu-Tong Zhou, Meng Cheng, Tibor Rakovszky, Curt von Keyserlingk, and Tyler D. Ellison

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040402 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

The three-dimensional fermionic toric code shows topological order and long-range entanglement at low but nonzero temperatures due to the anomalous 2-form symmetry of the system.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Superlubric Motion of Wavelike Domain Walls in Sliding Ferroelectrics

Changming Ke, Fucai Liu, and Shi Liu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046201 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

Polarization reversal in sliding ferroelectrics relies on symmetry-breaking domain walls and the tensorial nature of Born effective charges.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Pressure-Driven Moiré Potential Enhancement and Tertiary Gap Opening in Graphene/h-BN Heterostructure

Yupeng Wang, Jiaqi An, Chunhui Ye, Xiangqi Wang, Di Mai, Hongze Zhao, Yang Zhang, Chiyu Peng, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Xiaoyu Sun, Rucheng Dai, Zhongping Wang, Wei Qin, Zhenhua Qiao, and Zengming Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046303 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Pressure serving as a universal knob to dynamically amplify moiré potential strength allows for the observation of a pressure-activated tertiary gap in graphene/h-BN.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Strongly Enhanced Mass Anisotropy in Monolayer Phosphorene and Field Tunability

Wanying Chen, Yiwen Yin, Fei Wang, Hongyun Zhang, Yixuan Ma, Kejie Bao, Haoyuan Zhong, Qian Li, Tianyun Lin, Changhua Bao, Hugen Yan, Junyi Zhu, and Shuyun Zhou

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046401 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Interlayer coupling and external electric field combine to renormalize the band parameters in phosphorene.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Possible Spin-Triplet Excitonic Insulator in the Ultraquantum Limit of ${HfTe}_{5}$

Jinyu Liu, Varsha Subramanyan, Robert Welser, Timothy McSorley, Triet Ho, David Graf, Michael T. Pettes, Avadh Saxena, Laurel E. Winter, Shi-Zeng Lin, and Luis A. Jauregui

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046601 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Precise quantum transport measurements reveal a spin-triplet excitonic insulator phase in the ultra-quantum limit of HfTe $_{5}$ , a three-dimensional topological material.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Indirect Band Nature of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Boron Nitride Identified by Resonant Excitation in the Deep Ultraviolet Regime

Lei Fu, Yuqing Hu, Ning Tang, Junxi Duan, Xionghui Jia, Huaiyuan Yang, Zhuoxian Li, Xiangyan Han, Guoping Li, Jianming Lu, Lun Dai, Weikun Ge, Yugui Yao, and Bo Shen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046903 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Multiple spectroscopic measurements, including photoluminescence, Raman, and reflectance contrast spectroscopy in deep-UV regime on monolayer and few-layer hexagonal boron nitride confirm an indirect bandgap in the material.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Linear Scaling Causal Discovery from High-Dimensional Time Series by Dynamical Community Detection

Matteo Allione, Vittorio Del Tatto, and Alessandro Laio

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 047401 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

A new statistical test identifies groups of variables that are mutually coupled and can be represented in a causal graph as single, aggregated nodes, which allows the extraction of hierarchical structures from observational data.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Effective Markovian Dynamics Method for Solving Non-Markovian Dynamics of Stochastic Gene Expression

Youming Li and Chen Jia

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 048401 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

A two-stage model of gene expression, accounting for an arbitrary distribution of protein degradation times, explains why nonexponentially degraded proteins have smaller mRNA-protein correlation than exponentially degraded proteins.

LETTERS

Quantum Information, Science, and Technology

Entanglement Structure of Non-Gaussian States and How to Measure It

Henry Froland, Torsten V. Zache, Robert Ott, and Niklas Mueller

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040201 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Simulating Quantum Instruments with Projective Measurements and Quantum Postprocessing

Shishir Khandelwal and Armin Tavakoli

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040202 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Effective Theory for Strongly Attractive One-Dimensional Fermions

Timothy G. Backert, Fabian Brauneis, Matija Čufar, Joachim Brand, Hans-Werner Hammer, and Artem G. Volosniev

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040401 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

The problem of strongly attractive fermionic systems in one dimension can be tackled by semianalytical methods.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Finite-Temperature Quantum Topological Order in Three Dimensions

Shu-Tong Zhou, Meng Cheng, Tibor Rakovszky, Curt von Keyserlingk, and Tyler D. Ellison

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040402 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

The three-dimensional fermionic toric code shows topological order and long-range entanglement at low but nonzero temperatures due to the anomalous 2-form symmetry of the system.

Quantum Mpemba Effect in Random Circuits

Xhek Turkeshi, Pasquale Calabrese, and Andrea De Luca

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040403 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Scalable Parameter Design for Superconducting Quantum Circuits with Graph Neural Networks

Hao Ai and Yu-xi Liu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040601 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Enhancing Dynamic Range of Sub-Standard-Quantum-Limit Measurements via Quantum Deamplification

Qi Liu, Ming Xue, Matthew Radzihovsky, Xinwei Li, Denis V. Vasilyev, Ling-Na Wu, and Vladan Vuletić

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 040801 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Gravitation

First Search for Axion Dark Matter with a MADMAX Prototype

B. Ary dos Santos Garcia et al. (MADMAX Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 041001 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Particles and Fields

Phase Transitions in an Expanding Medium: Hot Remnants

Romuald A. Janik, Matti Järvinen, and Jacob Sonnenschein

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 041601 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

First Look at Quartic-in-Spin Binary Dynamics at Third Post-Minkowskian Order

Dogan Akpinar, Fernando Febres Cordero, Manfred Kraus, Alexander Smirnov, and Mao Zeng

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 041602 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Kaluza-Klein AdS Virasoro-Shapiro Amplitude near Flat Space

Bo Wang (王波), Di Wu (吴迪), and Ellis Ye Yuan (袁野)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 041603 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Search for Lepton-Flavor-Violating Decay Modes $B^{0} \to K_{S}^{0} τ^{\pm} ℓ^{\mp}$ with Hadronic $B$ Tagging at Belle and Belle II

I. Adachi et al. (Belle and Belle II Collaborations)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 041801 (2025) - Published 25 July, 2025

Search for $P_{c \bar{c} s} (4459)^{0}$ and $P_{c \bar{c} s} (4338)^{0}$ in $ϒ (1 S, 2 S)$ Inclusive Decays at Belle

I. Adachi et al. (The Belle and Belle II Collaborations)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 041901 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

Fragmentation Functions of Charged Hadrons at Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order and Constraints on the Proton Parton Distribution Functions

Jun Gao, XiaoMin Shen, Hongxi Xing, Yuxiang Zhao, and Bin Zhou

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 041902 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Nuclear Physics

Tripling Fluctuations and Peaked Sound Speed in Fermionic Matter

Hiroyuki Tajima, Kei Iida, Toru Kojo, and Haozhao Liang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 042701 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Stellar Weak Rates of the $r p$ -Process Waiting Points: Effects of Strong Magnetic Fields

Qi-Ye Hu, Long-Jun Wang, and Yang Sun

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 042702 (2025) - Published 25 July, 2025

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

Double Spin Resonance for Traceable Ultrasensitive Atomic Spin Sensor

Xiaofei Huang, Weiyi Wang, Yanhui Hu, Yong-Chun Liu, Jiancheng Fang, and Kai Wei

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043001 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

Excited-State Magnetic Properties of Carbon-like ${Ca}^{14 +}$

Lukas J. Spieß, Shuying Chen, Alexander Wilzewski, Malte Wehrheim, Jan Gilles, Andrey Surzhykov, Erik Benkler, Melina Filzinger, Martin Steinel, Nils Huntemann, Charles Cheung, Sergey G. Porsev, Andrey I. Bondarev, Marianna S. Safronova, José R. Crespo López-Urrutia, and Piet O. Schmidt

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043002 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Hyperfine Rovibrational States of $H_{3}^{+}$ in a Weak External Magnetic Field

Gustavo Avila, Ayaki Sunaga, Stanislav Komorovsky, and Edit Mátyus

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043003 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Dual Spectroscopy of Quantum Simulated Fermi-Hubbard Systems

K. Knakkergaard Nielsen, M. Zwierlein, and G. M. Bruun

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043401 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Measurement of the Differential Static Scalar Polarizability of the ${}^{88}{Sr}^{+}$ Clock Transition

T. Lindvall, K. J. Hanhijärvi, T. Fordell, and A. E. Wallin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043402 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Coherent and Incoherent Light Scattering by Single-Atom Wave Packets

Vitaly Fedoseev, Hanzhen Lin (林翰桢), Yu-Kun Lu, Yoo Kyung Lee, Jiahao Lyu, and Wolfgang Ketterle

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043601 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Lifetime-Limited and Tunable Emission from Single Charge-Stabilized Nickel Vacancy Centers in Diamond

I. M. Morris, T. Lühmann, K. Klink, L. Crooks, D. Hardeman, D. J. Twitchen, S. Pezzagna, J. Meijer, S. S. Nicley, and J. N. Becker

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043602 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Excitonic Enhancement of Squeezed Light in Quantum-Optical High-Harmonic Generation from a Mott Insulator

Christian Saugbjerg Lange, Thomas Hansen, and Lars Bojer Madsen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043603 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Physical Interpretation of Imaginary Time Delay

Isabella L. Giovannelli and Steven M. Anlage

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 043801 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

The time delay experienced by a scattered light signal has an imaginary part that was considered unobservable, but researchers have isolated its effect in a frequency shift.

Plasma and Solar Physics, Accelerators and Beams

Spin-Polarized Condensed Plasmoids in Radiation Reaction Dominated Magnetic Reconnection

Zheng Gong, Karen Z. Hatsagortsyan, and Christoph H. Keitel

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 045101 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Three-Dimensional Helical-Rotating Plasma Structures in Beam-Generated Partially Magnetized Plasmas

Jian Chen, Andrew T. Powis, Igor D. Kaganovich, Zhibin Wang, and Yi Yu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 045301 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Condensed Matter and Materials

Circular-Motion Fulling-Davies-Unruh Effect in Coupled Annular Josephson Junctions

Haruna Katayama and Noriyuki Hatakenaka

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046001 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Competing Phases of ${HfO}_{2}$ from Unstable Flat Phonon Bands of an Unconventional High-Symmetry Structure

Yubo Qi and Karin M. Rabe

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046101 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Superlubric Motion of Wavelike Domain Walls in Sliding Ferroelectrics

Changming Ke, Fucai Liu, and Shi Liu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046201 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

Polarization reversal in sliding ferroelectrics relies on symmetry-breaking domain walls and the tensorial nature of Born effective charges.

Intervalley Coherent Order in Rhombohedral Tetralayer Graphene on ${MoS}_{2}$

Wei-Yu Liao, Wen-Xiao Wang, Shihao Zhang, Yang Zhang, Ling-Hui Tong, Wenjia Zhang, Hao Cai, Yuan Tian, Yuanyuan Hu, Li Zhang, Lijie Zhang, Zhihui Qin, and Long-Jing Yin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046202 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

Magnetically Induced Topological Evolutions of Exceptional Points in Photonic Bands

Xingqi Zhao, Jiajun Wang, Wenzhe Liu, Lei Shi, and Jian Zi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046203 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Emission of Acoustic Point Sources near an Interface

Rong Zhou, Beibei Li, Liying Zhang, Yuecheng Shen, Hao Shen, Hongxing Xu, and Deng Pan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046204 (2025) - Published 25 July, 2025

Disorder-Induced Slow Relaxation of Phonon Polarization

Yuta Suzuki and Shuichi Murakami

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046301 (2025) - Published 21 July, 2025

Thermodynamic Uncertainty Relations for Coherent Transport

Kay Brandner and Keiji Saito

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046302 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Pressure-Driven Moiré Potential Enhancement and Tertiary Gap Opening in Graphene/h-BN Heterostructure

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046303 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Pressure serving as a universal knob to dynamically amplify moiré potential strength allows for the observation of a pressure-activated tertiary gap in graphene/h-BN.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Strongly Enhanced Mass Anisotropy in Monolayer Phosphorene and Field Tunability

Wanying Chen, Yiwen Yin, Fei Wang, Hongyun Zhang, Yixuan Ma, Kejie Bao, Haoyuan Zhong, Qian Li, Tianyun Lin, Changhua Bao, Hugen Yan, Junyi Zhu, and Shuyun Zhou

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046401 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

Interlayer coupling and external electric field combine to renormalize the band parameters in phosphorene.

Correlated Ligand Electrons in the Transition-Metal Oxide ${SrRuO}_{3}$

Yuichi Seki, Yuki K. Wakabayashi, Takahito Takeda, Kohdai Inagaki, Shin-ichi Fujimori, Yukiharu Takeda, Atsushi Fujimori, Yoshitaka Taniyasu, Hideki Yamamoto, Yoshiharu Krockenberger, Masaaki Tanaka, and Masaki Kobayashi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046402 (2025) - Published 25 July, 2025

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

Enhanced Superconducting Gap in the Outer ${CuO}_{2}$ Plane of the Trilayer Cuprate $(Hg, Re) {Ba}_{2} {Ca}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{8 + δ}$

M. Horio, M. Miyamoto, Y. Mino, S. Ishida, B. Thiagarajan, C. M. Polley, C. H. Lee, T. Nishio, H. Eisaki, and I. Matsuda

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046501 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

The material with the highest-temperature superconductivity at ambient pressure has received less attention than its easier-to-prepare relatives—until now.

Low-Rank Quantics Tensor Train Representations of Feynman Diagrams for Multiorbital Electron-Phonon Models

Hirone Ishida, Natsuki Okada, Shintaro Hoshino, and Hiroshi Shinaoka

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046502 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Approximate Symmetries, Insulators, and Superconductivity in the Continuum-Model Description of Twisted ${WSe}_{2}$

Maine Christos, Pietro M. Bonetti, and Mathias S. Scheurer

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046503 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Microscopic Theory of Pair Density Waves in Spin-Orbit Coupled Kondo Lattice

Aaditya Panigrahi, Alexei Tsvelik, and Piers Coleman

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046504 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Possible Spin-Triplet Excitonic Insulator in the Ultraquantum Limit of ${HfTe}_{5}$

Jinyu Liu, Varsha Subramanyan, Robert Welser, Timothy McSorley, Triet Ho, David Graf, Michael T. Pettes, Avadh Saxena, Laurel E. Winter, Shi-Zeng Lin, and Luis A. Jauregui

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046601 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Precise quantum transport measurements reveal a spin-triplet excitonic insulator phase in the ultra-quantum limit of HfTe $_{5}$ , a three-dimensional topological material.

Odd-Parity Magnetism Driven by Antiferromagnetic Exchange

Yue Yu, Magnus B. Lyngby, Tatsuya Shishidou, Mercè Roig, Andreas Kreisel, Michael Weinert, Brian M. Andersen, and Daniel F. Agterberg

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046701 (2025) - Published 22 July, 2025

Microscopic Origin of Reduced Magnetic Order in a Frustrated Metal

X. Boraley, O. Stockert, J. Lass, R. Sibille, Ø. S. Fjellvåg, S. H. Moody, A. M. Läuchli, V. Fritsch, and D. G. Mazzone

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046702 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Field-Induced Magnon Decays in Dipolar Quantum Magnets

Andrew D. Kim, Ahmed Khalifa, and Shubhayu Chatterjee

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046703 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Spin Dynamics in the Dirac U(1) Spin Liquid ${YbZn}_{2} {GaO}_{5}$

Hank C. H. Wu, Francis L. Pratt, Benjamin M. Huddart, Dipranjan Chatterjee, Paul A. Goddard, John Singleton, D. Prabhakaran, and Stephen J. Blundell

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046704 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025

Predicting and Understanding Diffusion Lengths and Lifetimes in Solids via a Many-Body Ab Initio Method: The Role of Coupled Dynamics

Junqing Xu

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046705 (2025) - Published 24 July, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Indirect Band Nature of Atomically Thin Hexagonal Boron Nitride Identified by Resonant Excitation in the Deep Ultraviolet Regime

Lei Fu, Yuqing Hu, Ning Tang, Junxi Duan, Xionghui Jia, Huaiyuan Yang, Zhuoxian Li, Xiangyan Han, Guoping Li, Jianming Lu, Lun Dai, Weikun Ge, Yugui Yao, and Bo Shen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 046903 (2025) - Published 23 July, 2025