Volume 135, Issue 3

18 July 2025

Browse Issues:

On the Cover

Illustration of a half-metallic two-monolayer-thick iron-palladium alloy formed on a palladium (001) surface. Selected for a Synopsis in Physics Magazine and for an Editors’ Suggestion.

From the article:

Exchange Engineering of a Two-Dimensional Half-Metal
Xin Liang Tan, Arthur Ernst, Kenta Hagiwara, Ying-Jiun Chen, Claus Michael Schneider, and Christian Tusche
Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036703 (2025)

EDITORIALS, ESSAYS, and ANNOUNCEMENTS

Essay: Using Machine Learning for Antibiotic Discovery

Cesar de la Fuente-Nunez and James J. Collins

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 030001 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

In this new forward-looking PRL Essay, César de la Fuente and James J. Collins explore the ways in which machine learning and artificial intelligence can substantially accelerate the discovery of new antibiotics to keep pace with the ever-evolving landscape of drug-resistant pathogens.

HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Search for Extremely-High-Energy Neutrinos and First Constraints on the Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Proton Fraction with IceCube

R. Abbasi et al. (IceCube Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031001 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Failing to see any high-energy neutrinos allowed researchers to calculate an upper limit on the fraction of high-energy cosmic rays that are protons.

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

New Plasma Regime in Jupiter’s Auroral Zones

R. L. Lysak, A. H. Sulaiman, S. S. Elliott, W. S. Kurth, and S. J. Bolton

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 035201 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

A spacecraft observes a new oscillation mode in the low-density plasma.

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Exchange Engineering of a Two-Dimensional Half-Metal

Xin Liang Tan, Arthur Ernst, Kenta Hagiwara, Ying-Jiun Chen, Claus Michael Schneider, and Christian Tusche

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036703 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

A 2D version of a half-metal—a spin-selective electrical conductor—could aid spin-based electronics.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Kinematic Flow and the Emergence of Time

Nima Arkani-Hamed, Daniel Baumann, Aaron Hillman, Austin Joyce, Hayden Lee, and Guilherme L. Pimentel

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031602 (2025) - Published 18 July, 2025

Changes in strengths of cosmological correlations may give a way to think of time as an emergent entity.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

High-Stability Single-Ion Clock with $5.5 \times 10^{- 19}$ Systematic Uncertainty

Mason C. Marshall, Daniel A. Rodriguez Castillo, Willa J. Arthur-Dworschack, Alexander Aeppli, Kyungtae Kim, Dahyeon Lee, William Warfield, Joost Hinrichs, Nicholas V. Nardelli, Tara M. Fortier, Jun Ye, David R. Leibrandt, and David B. Hume

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033201 (2025) - Published 14 July, 2025

A new trap design with reduced micromotion, more accurate measurements of the ion’s Doppler-cooled temperature and differential polarizability by Doppler cooling light, and improved laser stabilization allows for an atomic clock with the lowest fractional frequency uncertainty of any to date.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

First Lasing and Stable Operation of a Direct-Amplification Enabled Harmonic Generation Free-Electron Laser

Zheng Qi et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 035001 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

A direct-amplification-enabled harmonic generation free-electron laser has been realized experimentally as a robust external-seeding technique which has the potential to combine substantial seed amplification with high-order harmonic generation pulses and enable MHz-level repetition-rate fully coherent EUV and soft x-ray light sources.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

First-Principles Framework for the Prediction of Intersystem Crossing Rates in Spin Defects: The Role of Electron Correlation

Yu Jin, Jinsoo Park, Marquis M. McMillan, Daniel Donghyon Ohm, Corrie Barnes, Benjamin Pingault, Christopher Egerstrom, Benchen Huang, Marco Govoni, F. Joseph Heremans, David D. Awschalom, and Giulia Galli

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036401 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

A first-principles framework accurately estimates the nonradiative intersystem crossing rates in optically active solid state qubits.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

New Classes of Quantum Anomalous Hall Crystals in Multilayer Graphene

Boran Zhou and Ya-Hui Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036501 (2025) - Published 14 July, 2025

Quantum anomalous Hall crystal states with larger periods than the moiré period exist at filling factor ν = 1.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Beyond Orbitally Resolved Magnetic Exchange in ${CrI}_{3}$ and ${NiI}_{2}$

D. Šabani, C. Bacaksiz, and M. V. Milošević

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036704 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

A new method where orbitally–resolved magnetic exchange parameters are determined by electron hopping parameters pinpoints the specific orbital interactions that govern magnetic exchange.

LETTERS

Quantum Information, Science, and Technology

Quantum Correlations Cannot Be Reproduced with a Finite Number of Measurements in Any No-Signaling Theory

Lucas Tendick

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 030201 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Failure of the Conformal-Map Method for Relativistic Quantum Billiards

Barbara Dietz

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 030401 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Beating the Natural Grover Bound for Low-Energy Estimation and State Preparation

Harry Buhrman, Sevag Gharibian, Zeph Landau, François Le Gall, Norbert Schuch, and Suguru Tamaki

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 030601 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Strongly Interacting Fermions Are Nontrivial yet Nonglassy

Eric R. Anschuetz, Chi-Fang Chen, Bobak T. Kiani, and Robbie King

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 030602 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

Complete Self-Testing of a System of Remote Superconducting Qubits

Simon Storz, Anatoly Kulikov, Josua D. Schär, Victor Barizien, Xavier Valcarce, Florence Berterottière, Nicolas Sangouard, Jean-Daniel Bancal, and Andreas Wallraff

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 030801 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Enhanced Quantum Frequency Estimation by Nonlinear Scrambling

Victor Montenegro, Sara Dornetti, Alessandro Ferraro, and Matteo G. A. Paris

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 030802 (2025) - Published 18 July, 2025

Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Gravitation

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Search for Extremely-High-Energy Neutrinos and First Constraints on the Ultrahigh-Energy Cosmic-Ray Proton Fraction with IceCube

R. Abbasi et al. (IceCube Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031001 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Failing to see any high-energy neutrinos allowed researchers to calculate an upper limit on the fraction of high-energy cosmic rays that are protons.

Unstable Chords and Destructive Resonant Excitation of Black Hole Quasinormal Modes

Naritaka Oshita, Emanuele Berti, and Vitor Cardoso

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031401 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Cosmic Censorship in a Dual Collider

Marc Aragonès Fontboté, David Mateos, Guillem Pérez Martín, Wilke van der Schee, and Javier G. Subils

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031501 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Particles and Fields

Complete Function Space for Planar Two-Loop Six-Particle Scattering Amplitudes

Johannes Henn, Antonela Matijašić, Julian Miczajka, Tiziano Peraro, Yingxuan Xu, and Yang Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031601 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Kinematic Flow and the Emergence of Time

Nima Arkani-Hamed, Daniel Baumann, Aaron Hillman, Austin Joyce, Hayden Lee, and Guilherme L. Pimentel

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031602 (2025) - Published 18 July, 2025

Changes in strengths of cosmological correlations may give a way to think of time as an emergent entity.

Testing the Dark Origin of Neutrino Masses with Oscillation Experiments

Andrew Cheek, Luca Visinelli, and Hong-Yi Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031801 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

Search for Quasiparticle Scattering in the Quark-Gluon Plasma with Jet Splittings in $p p$ and Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.02 TeV$

S. Acharya et al. (ALICE Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031901 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

Implication of the Existence of $J^{P C} = 0^{- -} {\bar{D}}_{s} D K$ Bound State on the Nature of $D_{s 0}^{*} (2317)$ , and a New Configuration of Exotic State

Tian-Wei Wu, Ming-Zhu Liu, and Li-Sheng Geng

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031902 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

Precise Determination of the Strong Coupling Constant from Dijet Cross Sections up to the Multi-TeV Range

Fazila Ahmadova, Daniel Britzger, Xuan Chen, Johannes Gäßler, Aude Gehrmann-De Ridder, Thomas Gehrmann, Nigel Glover, Claire Gwenlan, Gudrun Heinrich, Alexander Huss, Lucas Kunz, João Pires, Klaus Rabbertz, and Mark Sutton

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 031903 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

Nuclear Physics

Correspondence between Color Glass Condensate and High-Twist Formalism

Yu Fu, Zhong-Bo Kang, Farid Salazar, Xin-Nian Wang, and Hongxi Xing

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 032301 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

Fluctuations and Correlations of Quark Spin in Hot and Dense QCD Matter

Hao-Lei Chen (陈浩磊), Wei-jie Fu (付伟杰), Xu-Guang Huang (黄旭光), and Guo-Liang Ma (马国亮)

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 032302 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

High-Stability Single-Ion Clock with $5.5 \times 10^{- 19}$ Systematic Uncertainty

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033201 (2025) - Published 14 July, 2025

Dynamic Interference of Chirped Photoelectrons

Federico Vismarra et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033202 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Electron Diffraction Imaging of Carbon Monoxide via $K$ -Shell Ionization by Compton Scattering of 20 keV Photons

D. M. Haubenreißer, N. M. Novikovskiy, N. Melzer, M. Kircher, A. Pier, L. Kaiser, J. Kruse, N. Anders, J. Stindl, L. Sommerlad, O. D. McGinnis, M. Schmidt, L. Nowak, A. Kügler, I. Dwojak, J. Drnec, F. Trinter, M. S. Schöffler, L. Ph. H. Schmidt, T. Jahnke, R. Dörner, and Ph. V. Demekhin

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033203 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Toward Quantum Analog Simulation of Many-Body Supersymmetry with Rydberg Atom Arrays

Hrushikesh Sable, Nathan M. Myers, and Vito W. Scarola

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033401 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

Understanding Floquet Resonances in Ultracold Quantum Gas Scattering

Christoph Dauer, Axel Pelster, and Sebastian Eggert

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033402 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

Quantum Interfaces with Multilayered Superwavelength Atomic Arrays

Roni Ben-Maimon, Yakov Solomons, Nir Davidson, Ofer Firstenberg, and Ephraim Shahmoon

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033601 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Unraveling Superradiance: Entanglement and Mutual Information in Collective Decay

Xin H. H. Zhang, Daniel Malz, and Peter Rabl

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033602 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

Time-Periodic Driving of a Bath-Coupled Open Quantum Gas of Light

Andris Erglis, Alexander Sazhin, Frank Vewinger, Martin Weitz, Stefan Yoshi Buhmann, and Julian Schmitt

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033603 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

Toward Nonlinear Optics with Mössbauer Nuclei Using X-Ray Cavities

Dominik Lentrodt, Christoph H. Keitel, and Jörg Evers

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033801 (2025) - Published 14 July, 2025

Universal Non-Hermitian Transport in Disordered Systems

Bo Li, Chuan Chen, and Zhong Wang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033802 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Extremely Narrow Band in Moiré Photonic Time Crystal

Zhaohui Dong, Xianfeng Chen, and Luqi Yuan

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033803 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Radiant Field Theory: A Transport Approach to Shaped Wave Transmission through Disordered Media

David Gaspard and Arthur Goetschy

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033804 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

Skyrmionic Polarization Texture around the Phase Singularity of Optical Vortices

Nilo Mata-Cervera, Deepak K. Sharma, Yijie Shen, Ramon Paniagua-Dominguez, and Miguel A. Porras

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 033805 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

Plasma and Solar Physics, Accelerators and Beams

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

First Lasing and Stable Operation of a Direct-Amplification Enabled Harmonic Generation Free-Electron Laser

Zheng Qi et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 035001 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

First Demonstration of Improved Fusion Yield with Increased Compression through Reduced Adiabat in Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments at the National Ignition Facility

M. Hohenberger et al.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 035101 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

New Plasma Regime in Jupiter’s Auroral Zones

R. L. Lysak, A. H. Sulaiman, S. S. Elliott, W. S. Kurth, and S. J. Bolton

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 035201 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

A spacecraft observes a new oscillation mode in the low-density plasma.

Condensed Matter and Materials

Twisted Bilayer Materials as a Promising Platform for Solid-State Qubits

Zhigang Song, Yidan Wang, Péter Udvarhelyi, and Prineha Narang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036201 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Unusual Thickness-Dependent Friction on ${CuInP}_{2} S_{6}$ Originating from Work-Function Regulation

Zhe Chen, Aisheng Song, Shuai Zhang, Ling Wang, Tianbao Ma, Xi-Qiao Feng, and Qunyang Li

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036202 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

Resistive Anomaly near a Ferromagnetic Phase Transition: A Classical Memory Effect

Dmitrii L. Maslov, Vladimir I. Yudson, and Cristian D. Batista

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036301 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

First-Principles Framework for the Prediction of Intersystem Crossing Rates in Spin Defects: The Role of Electron Correlation

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036401 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

A first-principles framework accurately estimates the nonradiative intersystem crossing rates in optically active solid state qubits.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

New Classes of Quantum Anomalous Hall Crystals in Multilayer Graphene

Boran Zhou and Ya-Hui Zhang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036501 (2025) - Published 14 July, 2025

Quantum anomalous Hall crystal states with larger periods than the moiré period exist at filling factor ν = 1.

Altermagnetic Phase Transition in a Lieb Metal

Matteo Dürrnagel, Hendrik Hohmann, Atanu Maity, Jannis Seufert, Michael Klett, Lennart Klebl, and Ronny Thomale

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036502 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Tensor-Network Study of the Roughening Transition in a $(2 + 1) D$ $Z_{2}$ Lattice Gauge Theory with Matter

Wen-Tao Xu, Michael Knap, and Frank Pollmann

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036503 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

Anyonic Phase Transitions in the 1D Extended Hubbard Model with Fractional Statistics

Martin Bonkhoff, Kevin Jägering, Shijie Hu, Axel Pelster, Sebastian Eggert, and Imke Schneider

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036601 (2025) - Published 14 July, 2025

Experimental Observation of $k$ -Dependent Bulk-Edge Correspondence in Sonic Semimetals with High Winding Numbers

Wei Xiong, Tingde Zhang, Zhiwang Zhang, Yuanzhou Zhu, Shuochen Wang, Haixiao Zhang, Ying Cheng, Xiaojun Liu, and Johan Christensen

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036602 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Bidirectional Asymmetric Frequency Conversion in Nonlinear Phononic Crystals

Yeongtae Jang, Beomseok Oh, Eunho Kim, and Junsuk Rho

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036603 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Variational Wave-Function Analysis of the Fractional Anomalous Hall Crystal

Tixuan Tan, Julian May-Mann, and Trithep Devakul

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036604 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Engineering Altermagnetic States in Two-Dimensional Square Tessellations

Yixuan Che, Haifeng Lv, Xiaojun Wu, and Jinlong Yang

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036701 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025

Anomalous Hall Effect in Type IV 2D Collinear Magnets

Ling Bai, Run-Wu Zhang, Wanxiang Feng, and Yugui Yao

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036702 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

FEATURED IN PHYSICS

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Exchange Engineering of a Two-Dimensional Half-Metal

Xin Liang Tan, Arthur Ernst, Kenta Hagiwara, Ying-Jiun Chen, Claus Michael Schneider, and Christian Tusche

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036703 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

A 2D version of a half-metal—a spin-selective electrical conductor—could aid spin-based electronics.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Beyond Orbitally Resolved Magnetic Exchange in ${CrI}_{3}$ and ${NiI}_{2}$

D. Šabani, C. Bacaksiz, and M. V. Milošević

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 036704 (2025) - Published 17 July, 2025

A new method where orbitally–resolved magnetic exchange parameters are determined by electron hopping parameters pinpoints the specific orbital interactions that govern magnetic exchange.

Statistical Physics; Classical, Nonlinear, and Complex Systems

Polymers, Chemical Physics, Soft Matter, and Biological Physics

T-Shaped Fe-Based Multistoichiometry Stereoscopic Composite Catalyst with Ultrahigh Activity toward Fenton-like Water Treatment, Synthesized via Graphene-Controlled Growth

Dongting Yue, Tianbiao Zeng, Yunzhang Li, Jiahong Lin, Jiewei Xiao, Xing Liu, Youjia Ma, Mengxiang Zhu, Tao Ding, Zhengyang Liu, Xiushen Ye, Zhongjie Zhu, Kan Li, Yihong Ding, and Guosheng Shi

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 038001 (2025) - Published 16 July, 2025

Nonequilibrium Structure and Relaxation in Active Microemulsions

Rakesh Chatterjee, Hui-Shun Kuan, Frank Jülicher, and Vasily Zaburdaev

Phys. Rev. Lett. 135, 038401 (2025) - Published 15 July, 2025