We present searches for light dark matter (DM) with masses $3–9\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$ in the presence of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering ($\mathrm{CE}\nu \mathrm{NS}$) from ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ solar neutrinos with the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment. This analysis uses a 5.7 tonne-yr exposure with data collected between March 2023 and April 2025. In an energy range spanning 1–6 keV, we report no significant excess of events attributable to dark matter nuclear recoils, but we observe a significant signal from ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ $\mathrm{CE}\nu \mathrm{NS}$ interactions that is consistent with expectation. We set world-leading limits on spin-independent and spin-dependent-neutron DM-nucleon interactions for masses down to $5\mathrm{GeV}/c^2$. In the no-dark-matter scenario, we observe a signal consistent with ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ $\mathrm{CE}\nu \mathrm{NS}$ events, corresponding to a $4.5\sigma$ statistical significance. This is the most significant evidence of ${}^8\mathrm{B}$ $\mathrm{CE}\nu \mathrm{NS}$ interactions and is enabled by robust background modeling and mitigation techniques. This demonstrates LZ’s ability to detect rare signals at keV-scale energies.

Intermittency, manifested through anomalous scaling, remains one of the central unresolved problems in turbulence theory, with few analytical approaches extending beyond idealized linear transport models. We introduce a perturbative framework for anomalous scaling in turbulent transport based on multiplier statistics, rather than zero-mode calculations. We demonstrate the approach using a shell model combining deterministic and Kraichnan-like stochastic components. We reduce the problem to the analysis of a stationary Fokker-Planck equation for Kolmogorov multipliers, defined as ratios of successive scalar amplitudes. Its solution yields the invariant measure through a perturbative expansion around a Gaussian distribution. Using the resulting multiplier statistics, we compute explicit anomalous scaling exponents for structure functions of arbitrary order, including odd, even, and noninteger moments. Although demonstrated here for a shell model, the framework suggests a systematic perturbative route toward analytical theories of intermittency in turbulence.

The nature of the superconducting pairing symmetry in the kagome metal ${\mathrm{CsV}}_3{\mathrm{Sb}}_5$ and its relationship with the charge density wave (CDW) order are central unresolved issues. Here, we investigate the evolution of superconductivity in ${\mathrm{CsV}}_3{\mathrm{Sb}}_5$ under in situ uniaxial pressure using ${}^{121}\mathrm{Sb}$ nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR). We find that tensile strain significantly enhances the superconducting transition temperature, $T_{\mathrm{c}}$, while the CDW remains unchanged, demonstrating that superconductivity can be tuned independently of the bulk charge order. At a tensile strain of $ϵ=+0.90\%$, the nuclear spin-lattice relaxation rate reveals a remarkable double transition: an upper transition at $T_{\mathrm{c}1}=3.6\mathrm{K}$ to a nodal gap state, and a lower one at $T_{\mathrm{c}2}=3.0\mathrm{K}$ characterized by a nodeless gap. These results evidence degenerate superconducting states with different gap symmetry in the kagome metal at ambient pressure which split under strain. Our Letter demonstrates a high tunability of superconductivity by uniaxial pressure.

Spectral gamma-ray line features are expected as key signatures from dark matter (DM) annihilations of TeV-scale particle DM. Observations of the Galactic Center with atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes are unique to probe thermal-relic TeV particle DM, well beyond the reach of direct detection and collider searches. We report here on the search for line signals in very-high-energy gamma rays using data from the Inner Galaxy Survey, consisting of 546 hours of H.E.S.S. observations of the inner few degrees of the Galactic Center. No significant signal is detected. We then compute the exclusion limits on the annihilation line cross section $⟨\sigma v{⟩}_{\mathrm{line}}$, with two-dimensional log-likelihood ratio test statistics, exploiting spectral and spatial features of the DM signal. Assuming an Einasto DM density profile for the Milky Way, our results provide the most constraining limits so far, reaching $⟨\sigma v{⟩}_{\mathrm{line}}=2.3\times {10}^{-28}$ and $2.4\times {10}^{-27}{\mathrm{cm}}^3{\mathrm{s}}^{-1}$ for DM masses of 1 and 10 TeV, respectively. The present limits are used to constrain the widely searched Wino, Higgsino. and Quintuplet models. For the first time, thermal Higgsino DM is probed for DM Milky Way models.

We characterize a singularity in the equal-time three-point density correlations that is generic to two-dimensional interacting Fermi liquids. In momentum space where the three-point correlation is determined by two wave vectors, ${\mathbf{q}}_1$ and ${\mathbf{q}}_2$, the singularity takes the form $|{\mathbf{q}}_1\times {\mathbf{q}}_2|$. We explain how this singularity is sharply defined in a long-wavelength collinear limit. For a noninteracting Fermi gas, the coefficient of this singularity is given by the quantized Euler characteristic of the Fermi sea, and it implies a long-range real space correlation favoring collinear configurations. We show that this singularity persists in interacting Fermi liquids, and express the renormalization of the coefficient of singularity in terms of Landau parameters, for both spinless and spinful Fermi liquids. Our results offer an independent method for measuring Landau parameters. Implications for quantum gas experiments are discussed.

We study the nonequilibrium driven dynamics at topologically nontrivial quantum critical points (QCPs) and find that topological edge modes at criticality give rise to anomalous dynamical scaling behavior. By analyzing the driven dynamics of bulk and boundary order parameters at topologically distinct QCPs in quantum spin chains, we demonstrate that, while the bulk dynamics remain indistinguishable and follow standard Kibble-Zurek (KZ) scaling, the anomalous boundary dynamics are unique to topological criticality, obeying modified scaling relation beyond the traditional KZ framework. To elucidate the unified origin of this anomaly, we further study the dynamics of defect production at topologically distinct QCPs in free-fermion models and demonstrate similar anomalous scaling exclusive to topological criticality. These findings establish the existence of anomalous dynamical scaling arising from the interplay between topology and driven dynamics, challenging standard paradigms of quantum critical dynamics.

Evolutionary game theory offers a general framework to study how behaviors evolve by social learning in a population. This body of theory can accommodate a range of social dilemmas, or games, as well as real-world complexities such as spatial structures. Nonetheless, this approach typically assumes a deterministic payoff structure for social interactions. Here, we extend evolutionary game theory to accommodate payoffs that fluctuate due to stochastic changes in social conditions. In this setting, the rewards of cooperation or defection may vary over time, even while the underlying mean game remains unchanged. We find that even unbiased environmental noise qualitatively alters evolutionary outcomes. Stochastic payoff fluctuations can stabilize coexistence between cooperators and defectors in the prisoner’s dilemma, generate bistability in snowdrift games, and produce stable limit cycles in rock-paper-scissors dynamics—dynamical phenomena that cannot occur under deterministic payoffs. These results demonstrate that environmental variability can fundamentally reshape evolutionary dynamics in a complex but comprehensible way.

Elucidating the microscopic behavior of cuprates under ultrafast photoexcitation offers critical insights into their highly correlated out-of-equilibrium states. Although quasiparticle dynamics have been investigated extensively, the behavior of collective magnetic excitations remains comparatively unexplored. Here, we use time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering at the Cu $L_3$-edge to track the collective magnetic excitations (paramagnons) in an optimally electron-doped cuprate driven out-of-equilibrium by a femtosecond pump laser pulse. Upon pumping, we observed an anti-Stokes signal associated with paramagnon generation, which modifies the paramagnon dispersion near the zone center, although the bandwidth remained unchanged. Moreover, the spectral weight exhibits a momentum-dependent variation across the Brillouin zone. The light-driven boost of the paramagnon population and the resulting spectral-weight transfer could provide new leverage to manipulate the properties of cuprates.

We propose a novel type of topological superconductivity based on Bogoliubov Fermi surfaces (BFSs) in an altermagnetic topological insulator proximitized by an $s$-wave superconductor. The 3D altermagnetic topological insulator is characterized by zero-energy surface states in bulk nodal-ring phases and anisotropically shifted surface Dirac cones in topological insulating phases. The altermagnetic order in combination with superconductivity gives rise to highly anisotropic superconducting gaps with crystal-facet-dependent BFSs at the physical boundaries. These particular BFSs provide distinct platforms to realize topological superconductivity. We propose a quasi-1D nanowire in which the anisotropic BFSs experience topological phase transitions due to quantum confinement leading to Majorana zero modes (MZMs) at its ends. We further consider vortex phase transitions in the superconducting altermagnetic topological insulators. Remarkably, we find that the altermagnetic order allows us to transit between two distinct type of MZMs, one type is located at the vortex line, while the other type is located at the physical boundaries. Our work paves a new avenue utilizing altermagnetism-induced BFSs to engineer topological superconductivity through crystal anisotropy and quantum confinement.

Convection in planets and stars is predicted to occur in the “ultimate regime” of diffusivity-free, rapidly rotating turbulence in which flows are unaffected by viscous and thermal diffusion. Boundary layer diffusion, however, has historically hindered experimental access to this regime. Here, we utilize the boundary-independent oscillatory thermal-inertial mode of rotating convection to realize the diffusivity-free scaling in liquid metal laboratory experiments with additional validation from direct numerical simulations. This oscillatory style of convection arises in rotating liquid metals (low Prandtl number fluids) and is driven by the temperature gradient in the fluid bulk, thus remaining independent of diffusive boundary dynamics. We triply verify the existence of the diffusivity-free regime via measurements of heat transfer efficiency $Nu$, dimensionless flow velocities $Re$, and internal temperature anomalies $\theta$, all of which are in quantitative agreement with planar asymptotically reduced models. Realizing theoretical diffusivity-free scalings in desktop-sized laboratory experiments provides the validation necessary to extrapolate and predict the convective flows in remote geophysical and astrophysical systems.

Recent advances in time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (tr-ARPES) allow for the probing of multiparticle excited states in reciprocal space. While neutral two-particle excitations (excitons) have been observed in tr-ARPES, signatures of trions—three-quasiparticle bound states—have only been probed via optical spectroscopy. Here, we develop a general theory for the ARPES signature of trions in the model system of a monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD). We simulate the ARPES signals of both positively and negatively charged trions and show that the interaction of the residual holes, or electron and hole, lead to large energy shifts, on the order of the exciton binding energy, compared to the exciton signal. For positive trions, the additional momentum degree of freedom of the residual particles leads to distinctive asymmetric line shapes. For negative trions, the photoemission process causes the tr-ARPES spectrum to reproduce inverted images of the exciton band structure for multiple exciton states, encompassing both spin-allowed and spin-forbidden states, providing a direct momentum-resolved probe of both trion and exciton physics.

The welding of two molten polyethylene films followed by their crystallization is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. The melts are composed of chains with either 200 or 2000 coarse-grained ethylene monomers, i.e., two carbons and their associated hydrogens lumped into a single bead. During melt welding, orientational and entanglement inhomogeneities caused by the preexisting film surfaces are resolved on molecular diffusion timescales. Crystallization of partially interdiffused films strongly amplifies the residual melt orientational anomalies, leading to higher crystallinity near the weld line. This phenomenon is unique to semicrystalline polymers and is expected to cause long-lived inhomogeneities in the structure of the welded interfacial region.

Low-dimensional ferroelectrics are attractive for their promising prospects in nanoelectronics. Compared with widely used ferroelectric perovskites, most low-dimensional ferroelectrics exhibit several inborn weaknesses such as small bandgaps (mostly $<2\mathrm{eV}$, i.e., semiconductorslike) or faint polarizations (e.g., $<1\mathrm{\mu }\mathrm{C}/{\mathrm{cm}}^2$ for sliding ferroelectrics even if their bandgaps can be large). Here we experimentally demonstrate the room-temperature ferroelectricity of van der Waals ${\mathrm{WO}}_2{\mathrm{Cl}}_2$. The well-tested $d^0$ rule inherited from ferroelectric perovskites leads to a large dipole ($\sim 3\mathrm{e}\AA$) from the off-center displacement of ${\mathrm{W}}^{6+}$ ion and a wide bandgap of 2.80 eV. Its ferroelectricity is proved by multiple characterizations including second harmonic generation, piezoresponse force microscopy, and ferroelectric hysteresis loops. More interestingly, the exotic noncollinear dipole order is directly observed at the atomic level by integrated differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy. Our Letter paves an alternative route for low-dimensional ferroelectrics to pursue excellent ferroelectric performance and distinct physics of polarity.

We demonstrate a method for generating entanglement between trapped atomic ions based on adiabatically ramped state-dependent forces. By ramping both the amplitude of the state-dependent force and the motional mode frequencies, we realize an entangling operation that is robust to motional mode occupation and drifts in the mode frequencies. We measure Bell state fidelities above 0.99 across a broad range of ramp parameters and with motional occupations up to ten phonons. This technique enables high-fidelity entangling operations without ground-state cooling, has a reduced calibration overhead, and is well suited for both quantum logic spectroscopy applications and scalable quantum computing architectures.

For achieving scalable and flexible quantum communication, a parallel quantum operation based on naturally spatially separable quantum resources is needed. In this Letter, we experimentally realize hundred-channel reconfigurable quantum teleportation with naturally spatially separable channels by integrating programmable holographic encoding with measurement-free all-optical feedforward. Specifically, programmable holographic engineering based on the weighted Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm is used to generate a reconfigurable $10\times 10$ optical array of 100 independently addressable spatial modes, forming naturally spatially separable quantum channels. A measurement-free all-optical feedforward then enables the parallel transfer of quantum information across all channels. Within this architecture, we successfully teleport the entire 100-mode optical array and an image with fidelities beating the corresponding classical limits. Our results offer a viable route for realizing parallel quantum information processing.

In this Letter, we directly measure the spatial variation of the saturation concentration along the interface of a binary droplet, showing that it is not uniform. This observation challenges the core assumption of classical evaporation theory, where a uniform interfacial saturation concentration leads to the edge-dominant evaporative flux responsible for the well-known coffee-ring effect in single-component droplets. Our interferometric measurements reveal that this assumption breaks down in multicomponent droplets, requiring a different framework to describe their evaporation behavior. By comparing the local evaporative flux with internal flow fields obtained using micro-particle image velocimetry, we show that changes in interfacial composition and flow pattern are closely coupled, leading the maximum evaporative flux to shift away from the contact line during evaporation. Recognizing that the maximum flux no longer resides at the edge is therefore essential for developing a correct and predictive understanding of evaporation in binary and more complex multicomponent droplets.

Despite enormous expenditures in the research field, the electron-doped side of nickelate superconductors remains uncharted territory. Substituting the trivalent rare-earth cations by a tetravalent one hitherto failed. Here, we demonstrate by first-principles calculations a disorder-free route to electron dope Ruddlesden-Popper nickelates. When intercalating wide-band-gap insulating layers such as $\mathrm{La}X{\mathrm{O}}_3$ ($X=\mathrm{Al}$, Ga, Sc) into ${\mathrm{La}}_2{\mathrm{NiO}}_4$, the extra ${(\text{LaO})}^{+}$ layers act as electron donors, releasing carriers into the Ni-$3d$ orbitals. This electron doping puts ${\mathrm{La}}_2{\mathrm{NiO}}_4:{\text{La}}_2{\mathrm{AlO}}_4$ naturally in the optimal region for $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconductivity with $T_{\mathrm{c}}$ exceeding 50 K. The same concept also allows us to electron dope ${\mathrm{La}}_3{\text{Ni}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$, the superconductor in the limelight.

Spin-triplet topological superconductors are rare but of fundamental interest as they can host Majorana bound states that can be used in fault-tolerant quantum computing. Recent efforts have been devoted to searching for spin-triplet states in U-based compounds, but these materials have a low transition temperature ($T_{\mathrm{c}}$) and coexisting competing orders, which creates significant experimental challenges and often leads to contradictory conclusions. The Cr-based candidate ${\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{Cr}}_3{\mathrm{As}}_3$ offers a promising alternative: it has a much higher $T_{\mathrm{c}}\ge 6.2\mathrm{K}$ and no magnetic order. Here we report a hallmark signature of spin-triplet superconductivity arising from the internal spin degrees of freedom via nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, and demonstrate the high tunability of the topological phases. We discovered three distinct superconducting phases and revealed the evolution of the paired-spins direction [$\mathbf{d}(\mathbf{k})$-vector]. At low magnetic fields, ${\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{Cr}}_3{\mathrm{As}}_3$ evolves from a helical (Phase A) to a chiral state (Phase B) with a rotation of the $\mathbf{d}(\mathbf{k})$-vector from in-plane to out-of-plane direction upon cooling, although both phases have point nodes in the gap. A line-nodal gap is realized in the high-field Phase C, where the $\mathbf{d}(\mathbf{k})$-vector lies in the basal plane. These findings establish ${\mathrm{K}}_2{\mathrm{Cr}}_3{\mathrm{As}}_3$ as a model spin-triplet superconductor and a promising platform for manipulating topological phases.

Single-molecule force spectroscopy resolves folding dynamics one molecule at a time, but extracting quantitative free-energy landscapes typically requires extensive datasets and careful instrument calibration to disentangle the molecule from linker and apparatus artifacts. We introduce a simulation-based inference framework that combines physics-based modeling with deep learning to recover the Bayesian posterior of a folding model directly from a single short trajectory. A 2-s constant-force measurement of a DNA hairpin is sufficient to reconstruct the folding landscape, matching deconvolution baselines that require 20–100 times more data and eliminating separate linker or instrument characterization. The same approach recovers four metastable states of a riboswitch aptamer from a single 5-s trajectory. Every parameter, including diffusion coefficients and linker stiffness, is included in the calibrated posterior. The current implementation assumes one-dimensional Markovian dynamics, but more complex models can be substituted within the same framework, opening single-molecule force spectroscopy to high-throughput parallel experiments and to systems where extensive data collection is impractical.

The bilayer nickelate ${\mathrm{La}}_3{\mathrm{Ni}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$ has recently emerged as a high-temperature superconductor with unusual spin stripe order in its ambient pressure phase. We propose a microscopic Hamiltonian that faithfully reflects the crystalline symmetry of this system, with the primary aim of addressing its unconventional magnetism at ambient pressure. Using state-of-the-art density matrix renormalization group calculations, we show that $(\pi /2,\pi /2)$ spin stripe order arises in our model at sizable Hund’s coupling $J_H$ from a hidden quasi one-dimensionality and persists over a range of electron concentrations. In the more symmetric high-pressure regime, our model exhibits enhanced interlayer pairing tendencies when the interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling $J_{\perp }$ becomes sufficiently large. Our results provide a microscopic origin of the diagonal spin stripes and identify Hund’s coupling $J_H$ and interlayer coupling $J_{\perp }$ as key ingredients governing magnetic order and pairing tendencies in ${\mathrm{La}}_3{\mathrm{Ni}}_2{\mathrm{O}}_7$.