- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review Letters

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Size Effects in Carbon Nanotubes

C.-H. Kiang1, M. Endo2, P. M. Ajayan3, G. Dresselhaus4, and M. S. Dresselhaus5

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
  • 2Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano 380, Japan
  • 3Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
  • 4Francis Bitter Magnet Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
  • 5Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1869 – Published 31 August, 1998

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.1869

Abstract

The intershell spacing of multi-walled carbon nanotubes was determined by analyzing the high resolution transmission electron microscopy images of these nanotubes. For the nanotubes that were studied, the intershell spacing d^002 is found to range from 0.34 to 0.39 nm, increasing with decreasing tube diameter. A model based on the results from real space image analysis is used to explain the variation in intershell spacings obtained from reciprocal space periodicity analysis. The increase in intershell spacing with decreased nanotube diameter is attributed to the high curvature, resulting in an increased repulsive force, associated with the decreased diameter of the nanotube shells.

View figure in article

References (35)

  1. S. Iijima, Nature (London) 354, 56 (1991).
  2. S. Iijima and T. Ichihashi, Nature (London) 363, 603 (1993).
  3. D. S. Bethune et al., Nature (London) 363, 605 (1993).
  4. M. S. Dresselhaus, G. Dresselhaus, and R. Saito, Carbon 33, 883 (1995).
  5. J. W. Mintmire and C. White, Carbon 33, 893 (1995).
  6. T. W. Ebbesen and P. M. Ajayan, Nature (London) 358, 220 (1992).
  7. M. Endo and H. W. Kroto, J. Phys. Chem. 96, 6941 (1992).
  8. N. G. Chopra et al., Nature (London) 377, 135 (1995).
  9. P. M. Ajayan and S. Iijima, Nature (London) 361, 333 (1993).
  10. A. G. Rinzler et al., Science 269, 1550 (1995).
  11. R. S. Ruoff and D. C. Lorents, Carbon 33, 925 (1995).
  12. M. W. Maddox and K. E. Gubbins, Langmuir 11, 3988 (1995).
  13. A. C. Dillon et al., Nature (London) 386, 377 (1997).
  14. W. A. de Heer, A. Châtelain, and D. Ugarte, Science 270, 1179 (1995).
  15. L. Chico et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 971 (1996).
  16. M. Menon and D. Srivastava, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 4453 (1997).
  17. T. W. Odom, J.-L. Huang, P. Kim, and C. M. Lieber, Nature (London) 391, 62 (1998).
  18. J. W. G. Wildoer et al., Nature (London) 391, 59 (1998).
  19. N. Hamada, S. Sawada, and A. Oshiyama, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1579 (1992).
  20. M. R. Pederson and J. Q. Broughton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 2689 (1992).
  21. K. Akagi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 2307 (1995).
  22. Y. Saito et al., Phys. Rev. B 48, 1907 (1993).
  23. M. Ge and K. Sattler, Science 260, 515 (1993).
  24. X. F. Zhang et al., J. Cryst. Growth 130, 368 (1993).
  25. High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy and Associated Techniques, P. R. Buseck, J. M. Cowley, and L. Eyring (Oxford University Press, New York, 1988).
  26. C.-H. Kiang et al., J. Phys. Chem. 98, 6612 (1994).
  27. M. Bretz, B. G. Demczyk, and L. Zhang, J. Cryst. Growth 141, 304 (1994).
  28. X. Sun et al., Phys. Rev. B 54, R12 629 (1996).
  29. J. M. Cowley and S. D. Packard, Ultramicroscopy 63, 39 (1996).
  30. C.-H. Kiang and W. A. Goddard III, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 2515 (1996).
  31. M. Liu and J. M. Cowley, Carbon 32, 393 (1994).
  32. M. Liu and J. M. Cowley, Ultramicroscopy 53, 333 (1994).
  33. T. W. Ebbesen, Annu. Rev. Mater. Sci. 24, 235 (1994).
  34. J. S. Speck, M. Endo, and M. S. Dresselhaus, J. Cryst. Growth 94, 834 (1989).
  35. S. Iijima, P. M. Ajayan, and T. Ichihashi, Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 3100 (1992).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1869– Published 31 August, 1998
  • Received 21 May 1998

© 1998 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation