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Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger

B. P. Abbott1, R. Abbott1, T. D. Abbott2, M. R. Abernathy1, F. Acernese3,4, K. Ackley5, C. Adams6, T. Adams7, P. Addesso3 et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

P. Addesso3, R. X. Adhikari1, V. B. Adya8, C. Affeldt8, M. Agathos9, K. Agatsuma9, N. Aggarwal10, O. D. Aguiar11, L. Aiello12,13, A. Ain14, P. Ajith15, B. Allen8,16,17, A. Allocca18,19, P. A. Altin20, S. B. Anderson1, W. G. Anderson16, K. Arai1, M. A. Arain5, M. C. Araya1, C. C. Arceneaux21, J. S. Areeda22, N. Arnaud23, K. G. Arun24, S. Ascenzi25,13, G. Ashton26, M. Ast27, S. M. Aston6, P. Astone28, P. Aufmuth8, C. Aulbert8, S. Babak29, P. Bacon30, M. K. M. Bader9, P. T. Baker31, F. Baldaccini32,33, G. Ballardin34, S. W. Ballmer35, J. C. Barayoga1, S. E. Barclay36, B. C. Barish1, D. Barker37, F. Barone3,4, B. Barr36, L. Barsotti10, M. Barsuglia30, D. Barta38, J. Bartlett37, M. A. Barton37, I. Bartos39, R. Bassiri40, A. Basti18,19, J. C. Batch37, C. Baune8, V. Bavigadda34, M. Bazzan41,42, B. Behnke29, M. Bejger43, C. Belczynski44, A. S. Bell36, C. J. Bell36, B. K. Berger1, J. Bergman37, G. Bergmann8, C. P. L. Berry45, D. Bersanetti46,47, A. Bertolini9, J. Betzwieser6, S. Bhagwat35, R. Bhandare48, I. A. Bilenko49, G. Billingsley1, J. Birch6, I. A. Birney50, O. Birnholtz8, S. Biscans10, A. Bisht8,17, M. Bitossi34, C. Biwer35, M. A. Bizouard23, J. K. Blackburn1, C. D. Blair51, D. G. Blair51, R. M. Blair37, S. Bloemen52, O. Bock8, T. P. Bodiya10, M. Boer53, G. Bogaert53, C. Bogan8, A. Bohe29, P. Bojtos54, C. Bond45, F. Bondu55, R. Bonnand7, B. A. Boom9, R. Bork1, V. Boschi18,19, S. Bose56,14, Y. Bouffanais30, A. Bozzi34, C. Bradaschia19, P. R. Brady16, V. B. Braginsky49, M. Branchesi57,58, J. E. Brau59, T. Briant60, A. Brillet53, M. Brinkmann8, V. Brisson23, P. Brockill16, A. F. Brooks1, D. A. Brown35, D. D. Brown45, N. M. Brown10, C. C. Buchanan2, A. Buikema10, T. Bulik44, H. J. Bulten61,9, A. Buonanno29,62, D. Buskulic7, C. Buy30, R. L. Byer40, M. Cabero8, L. Cadonati63, G. Cagnoli64,65, C. Cahillane1, J. Calderón Bustillo66,63, T. Callister1, E. Calloni67,4, J. B. Camp68, K. C. Cannon69, J. Cao70, C. D. Capano8, E. Capocasa30, F. Carbognani34, S. Caride71, J. Casanueva Diaz23, C. Casentini25,13, S. Caudill16, M. Cavaglià21, F. Cavalier23, R. Cavalieri34, G. Cella19, C. B. Cepeda1, L. Cerboni Baiardi57,58, G. Cerretani18,19, E. Cesarini25,13, R. Chakraborty1, T. Chalermsongsak1, S. J. Chamberlin72, M. Chan36, S. Chao73, P. Charlton74, E. Chassande-Mottin30, H. Y. Chen75, Y. Chen76, C. Cheng73, A. Chincarini47, A. Chiummo34, H. S. Cho77, M. Cho62, J. H. Chow20, N. Christensen78, Q. Chu51, S. Chua60, S. Chung51, G. Ciani5, F. Clara37, J. A. Clark63, F. Cleva53, E. Coccia25,12,13, P.-F. Cohadon60, A. Colla79,28, C. G. Collette80, L. Cominsky81, M. Constancio, Jr.11, A. Conte79,28, L. Conti42, D. Cook37, T. R. Corbitt2, N. Cornish31, A. Corsi71, S. Cortese34, C. A. Costa11, M. W. Coughlin78, S. B. Coughlin82, J.-P. Coulon53, S. T. Countryman39, P. Couvares1, E. E. Cowan63, D. M. Coward51, M. J. Cowart6, D. C. Coyne1, R. Coyne71, K. Craig36, J. D. E. Creighton16, T. D. Creighton83, J. Cripe2, S. G. Crowder84, A. M. Cruise45, A. Cumming36, L. Cunningham36, E. Cuoco34, T. Dal Canton8, S. L. Danilishin36, S. D’Antonio13, K. Danzmann17,8, N. S. Darman85, C. F. Da Silva Costa5, V. Dattilo34, I. Dave48, H. P. Daveloza83, M. Davier23, G. S. Davies36, E. J. Daw86, R. Day34, S. De35, D. DeBra40, G. Debreczeni38, J. Degallaix65, M. De Laurentis67,4, S. Deléglise60, W. Del Pozzo45, T. Denker8,17, T. Dent8, H. Dereli53, V. Dergachev1, R. T. DeRosa6, R. De Rosa67,4, R. DeSalvo87, S. Dhurandhar14, M. C. Díaz83, L. Di Fiore4, M. Di Giovanni79,28, A. Di Lieto18,19, S. Di Pace79,28, I. Di Palma29,8, A. Di Virgilio19, G. Dojcinoski88, V. Dolique65, F. Donovan10, K. L. Dooley21, S. Doravari6,8, R. Douglas36, T. P. Downes16, M. Drago8,89,90, R. W. P. Drever1, J. C. Driggers37, Z. Du70, M. Ducrot7, S. E. Dwyer37, T. B. Edo86, M. C. Edwards78, A. Effler6, H.-B. Eggenstein8, P. Ehrens1, J. Eichholz5, S. S. Eikenberry5, W. Engels76, R. C. Essick10, T. Etzel1, M. Evans10, T. M. Evans6, R. Everett72, M. Factourovich39, V. Fafone25,13,12, H. Fair35, S. Fairhurst91, X. Fan70, Q. Fang51, S. Farinon47, B. Farr75, W. M. Farr45, M. Favata88, M. Fays91, H. Fehrmann8, M. M. Fejer40, D. Feldbaum5, I. Ferrante18,19, E. C. Ferreira11, F. Ferrini34, F. Fidecaro18,19, L. S. Finn72, I. Fiori34, D. Fiorucci30, R. P. Fisher35, R. Flaminio65,92, M. Fletcher36, H. Fong69, J.-D. Fournier53, S. Franco23, S. Frasca79,28, F. Frasconi19, M. Frede8, Z. Frei54, A. Freise45, R. Frey59, V. Frey23, T. T. Fricke8, P. Fritschel10, V. V. Frolov6, P. Fulda5, M. Fyffe6, H. A. G. Gabbard21, J. R. Gair93, L. Gammaitoni32,33, S. G. Gaonkar14, F. Garufi67,4, A. Gatto30, G. Gaur94,95, N. Gehrels68, G. Gemme47, B. Gendre53, E. Genin34, A. Gennai19, J. George48, L. Gergely96, V. Germain7, Abhirup Ghosh15, Archisman Ghosh15, S. Ghosh52,9, J. A. Giaime2,6, K. D. Giardina6, A. Giazotto19, K. Gill97, A. Glaefke36, J. R. Gleason5, E. Goetz98, R. Goetz5, L. Gondan54, G. González2, J. M. Gonzalez Castro18,19, A. Gopakumar99, N. A. Gordon36, M. L. Gorodetsky49, S. E. Gossan1, M. Gosselin34, R. Gouaty7, C. Graef36, P. B. Graff62, M. Granata65, A. Grant36, S. Gras10, C. Gray37, G. Greco57,58, A. C. Green45, R. J. S. Greenhalgh100, P. Groot52, H. Grote8, S. Grunewald29, G. M. Guidi57,58, X. Guo70, A. Gupta14, M. K. Gupta95, K. E. Gushwa1, E. K. Gustafson1, R. Gustafson98, J. J. Hacker22, B. R. Hall56, E. D. Hall1, G. Hammond36, M. Haney99, M. M. Hanke8, J. Hanks37, C. Hanna72, M. D. Hannam91, J. Hanson6, T. Hardwick2, J. Harms57,58, G. M. Harry101, I. W. Harry29, M. J. Hart36, M. T. Hartman5, C.-J. Haster45, K. Haughian36, J. Healy102, J. Heefner1,a, A. Heidmann60, M. C. Heintze5,6, G. Heinzel8, H. Heitmann53, P. Hello23, G. Hemming34, M. Hendry36, I. S. Heng36, J. Hennig36, A. W. Heptonstall1, M. Heurs8,17, S. Hild36, D. Hoak103, K. A. Hodge1, D. Hofman65, S. E. Hollitt104, K. Holt6, D. E. Holz75, P. Hopkins91, D. J. Hosken104, J. Hough36, E. A. Houston36, E. J. Howell51, Y. M. Hu36, S. Huang73, E. A. Huerta105,82, D. Huet23, B. Hughey97, S. Husa66, S. H. Huttner36, T. Huynh-Dinh6, A. Idrisy72, N. Indik8, D. R. Ingram37, R. Inta71, H. N. Isa36, J.-M. Isac60, M. Isi1, G. Islas22, T. Isogai10, B. R. Iyer15, K. Izumi37, M. B. Jacobson1, T. Jacqmin60, H. Jang77, K. Jani63, P. Jaranowski106, S. Jawahar107, F. Jiménez-Forteza66, W. W. Johnson2, N. K. Johnson-McDaniel15, D. I. Jones26, R. Jones36, R. J. G. Jonker9, L. Ju51, K. Haris108, C. V. Kalaghatgi24,91, V. Kalogera82, S. Kandhasamy21, G. Kang77, J. B. Kanner1, S. Karki59, M. Kasprzack2,23,34, E. Katsavounidis10, W. Katzman6, S. Kaufer17, T. Kaur51, K. Kawabe37, F. Kawazoe8,17, F. Kéfélian53, M. S. Kehl69, D. Keitel8,66, D. B. Kelley35, W. Kells1, R. Kennedy86, D. G. Keppel8, J. S. Key83, A. Khalaidovski8, F. Y. Khalili49, I. Khan12, S. Khan91, Z. Khan95, E. A. Khazanov109, N. Kijbunchoo37, C. Kim77, J. Kim110, K. Kim111, Nam-Gyu Kim77, Namjun Kim40, Y.-M. Kim110, E. J. King104, P. J. King37, D. L. Kinzel6, J. S. Kissel37, L. Kleybolte27, S. Klimenko5, S. M. Koehlenbeck8, K. Kokeyama2, S. Koley9, V. Kondrashov1, A. Kontos10, S. Koranda16, M. Korobko27, W. Z. Korth1, I. Kowalska44, D. B. Kozak1, V. Kringel8, B. Krishnan8, A. Królak112,113, C. Krueger17, G. Kuehn8, P. Kumar69, R. Kumar36, L. Kuo73, A. Kutynia112, P. Kwee8, B. D. Lackey35, M. Landry37, J. Lange102, B. Lantz40, P. D. Lasky114, A. Lazzarini1, C. Lazzaro63,42, P. Leaci29,79,28, S. Leavey36, E. O. Lebigot30,70, C. H. Lee110, H. K. Lee111, H. M. Lee115, K. Lee36, A. Lenon35, M. Leonardi89,90, J. R. Leong8, N. Leroy23, N. Letendre7, Y. Levin114, B. M. Levine37, T. G. F. Li1, A. Libson10, T. B. Littenberg116, N. A. Lockerbie107, J. Logue36, A. L. Lombardi103, L. T. London91, J. E. Lord35, M. Lorenzini12,13, V. Loriette117, M. Lormand6, G. Losurdo58, J. D. Lough8,17, C. O. Lousto102, G. Lovelace22, H. Lück17,8, A. P. Lundgren8, J. Luo78, R. Lynch10, Y. Ma51, T. MacDonald40, B. Machenschalk8, M. MacInnis10, D. M. Macleod2, F. Magaña-Sandoval35, R. M. Magee56, M. Mageswaran1, E. Majorana28, I. Maksimovic117, V. Malvezzi25,13, N. Man53, I. Mandel45, V. Mandic84, V. Mangano36, G. L. Mansell20, M. Manske16, M. Mantovani34, F. Marchesoni118,33, F. Marion7, S. Márka39, Z. Márka39, A. S. Markosyan40, E. Maros1, F. Martelli57,58, L. Martellini53, I. W. Martin36, R. M. Martin5, D. V. Martynov1, J. N. Marx1, K. Mason10, A. Masserot7, T. J. Massinger35, M. Masso-Reid36, F. Matichard10, L. Matone39, N. Mavalvala10, N. Mazumder56, G. Mazzolo8, R. McCarthy37, D. E. McClelland20, S. McCormick6, S. C. McGuire119, G. McIntyre1, J. McIver1, D. J. McManus20, S. T. McWilliams105, D. Meacher72, G. D. Meadors29,8, J. Meidam9, A. Melatos85, G. Mendell37, D. Mendoza-Gandara8, R. A. Mercer16, E. Merilh37, M. Merzougui53, S. Meshkov1, C. Messenger36, C. Messick72, P. M. Meyers84, F. Mezzani28,79, H. Miao45, C. Michel65, H. Middleton45, E. E. Mikhailov120, L. Milano67,4, J. Miller10, M. Millhouse31, Y. Minenkov13, J. Ming29,8, S. Mirshekari121, C. Mishra15, S. Mitra14, V. P. Mitrofanov49, G. Mitselmakher5, R. Mittleman10, A. Moggi19, M. Mohan34, S. R. P. Mohapatra10, M. Montani57,58, B. C. Moore88, C. J. Moore122, D. Moraru37, G. Moreno37, S. R. Morriss83, K. Mossavi8, B. Mours7, C. M. Mow-Lowry45, C. L. Mueller5, G. Mueller5, A. W. Muir91, Arunava Mukherjee15, D. Mukherjee16, S. Mukherjee83, N. Mukund14, A. Mullavey6, J. Munch104, D. J. Murphy39, P. G. Murray36, A. Mytidis5, I. Nardecchia25,13, L. Naticchioni79,28, R. K. Nayak123, V. Necula5, K. Nedkova103, G. Nelemans52,9, M. Neri46,47, A. Neunzert98, G. Newton36, T. T. Nguyen20, A. B. Nielsen8, S. Nissanke52,9, A. Nitz8, F. Nocera34, D. Nolting6, M. E. N. Normandin83, L. K. Nuttall35, J. Oberling37, E. Ochsner16, J. O’Dell100, E. Oelker10, G. H. Ogin124, J. J. Oh125, S. H. Oh125, F. Ohme91, M. Oliver66, P. Oppermann8, Richard J. Oram6, B. O’Reilly6, R. O’Shaughnessy102, C. D. Ott76, D. J. Ottaway104, R. S. Ottens5, H. Overmier6, B. J. Owen71, A. Pai108, S. A. Pai48, J. R. Palamos59, O. Palashov109, C. Palomba28, A. Pal-Singh27, H. Pan73, Y. Pan62, C. Pankow82, F. Pannarale91, B. C. Pant48, F. Paoletti34,19, A. Paoli34, M. A. Papa29,16,8, H. R. Paris40, W. Parker6, D. Pascucci36, A. Pasqualetti34, R. Passaquieti18,19, D. Passuello19, B. Patricelli18,19, Z. Patrick40, B. L. Pearlstone36, M. Pedraza1, R. Pedurand65, L. Pekowsky35, A. Pele6, S. Penn126, A. Perreca1, H. P. Pfeiffer69,29, M. Phelps36, O. Piccinni79,28, M. Pichot53, M. Pickenpack8, F. Piergiovanni57,58, V. Pierro87, G. Pillant34, L. Pinard65, I. M. Pinto87, M. Pitkin36, J. H. Poeld8, R. Poggiani18,19, P. Popolizio34, A. Post8, J. Powell36, J. Prasad14, V. Predoi91, S. S. Premachandra114, T. Prestegard84, L. R. Price1, M. Prijatelj34, M. Principe87, S. Privitera29, R. Prix8, G. A. Prodi89,90, L. Prokhorov49, O. Puncken8, M. Punturo33, P. Puppo28, M. Pürrer29, H. Qi16, J. Qin51, V. Quetschke83, E. A. Quintero1, R. Quitzow-James59, F. J. Raab37, D. S. Rabeling20, H. Radkins37, P. Raffai54, S. Raja48, M. Rakhmanov83, C. R. Ramet6, P. Rapagnani79,28, V. Raymond29, M. Razzano18,19, V. Re25, J. Read22, C. M. Reed37, T. Regimbau53, L. Rei47, S. Reid50, D. H. Reitze1,5, H. Rew120, S. D. Reyes35, F. Ricci79,28, K. Riles98, N. A. Robertson1,36, R. Robie36, F. Robinet23, A. Rocchi13, L. Rolland7, J. G. Rollins1, V. J. Roma59, J. D. Romano83, R. Romano3,4, G. Romanov120, J. H. Romie6, D. Rosińska127,43, S. Rowan36, A. Rüdiger8, P. Ruggi34, K. Ryan37, S. Sachdev1, T. Sadecki37, L. Sadeghian16, L. Salconi34, M. Saleem108, F. Salemi8, A. Samajdar123, L. Sammut85,114, L. M. Sampson82, E. J. Sanchez1, V. Sandberg37, B. Sandeen82, G. H. Sanders1, J. R. Sanders98,35, B. Sassolas65, B. S. Sathyaprakash91, P. R. Saulson35, O. Sauter98, R. L. Savage37, A. Sawadsky17, P. Schale59, R. Schilling8,b, J. Schmidt8, P. Schmidt1,76, R. Schnabel27, R. M. S. Schofield59, A. Schönbeck27, E. Schreiber8, D. Schuette8,17, B. F. Schutz91,29, J. Scott36, S. M. Scott20, D. Sellers6, A. S. Sengupta94, D. Sentenac34, V. Sequino25,13, A. 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Thirugnanasambandam1, E. G. Thomas45, M. Thomas6, P. Thomas37, K. A. Thorne6, K. S. Thorne76, E. Thrane114, S. Tiwari12, V. Tiwari91, K. V. Tokmakov107, C. Tomlinson86, M. Tonelli18,19, C. V. Torres83,c, C. I. Torrie1, D. Töyrä45, F. Travasso32,33, G. Traylor6, D. Trifirò21, M. C. Tringali89,90, L. Trozzo129,19, M. Tse10, M. Turconi53, D. Tuyenbayev83, D. Ugolini130, C. S. Unnikrishnan99, A. L. Urban16, S. A. Usman35, H. Vahlbruch17, G. Vajente1, G. Valdes83, M. Vallisneri76, N. van Bakel9, M. van Beuzekom9, J. F. J. van den Brand61,9, C. Van Den Broeck9, D. C. Vander-Hyde35,22, L. van der Schaaf9, J. V. van Heijningen9, A. A. van Veggel36, M. Vardaro41,42, S. Vass1, M. Vasúth38, R. Vaulin10, A. Vecchio45, G. Vedovato42, J. Veitch45, P. J. Veitch104, K. Venkateswara131, D. Verkindt7, F. Vetrano57,58, A. Viceré57,58, S. Vinciguerra45, D. J. Vine50, J.-Y. Vinet53, S. Vitale10, T. Vo35, H. Vocca32,33, C. Vorvick37, D. Voss5, W. D. Vousden45, S. P. Vyatchanin49, A. R. Wade20, L. E. 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Zweizig1 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration)

  • 1LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 2Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
  • 3Università di Salerno, Fisciano, I-84084 Salerno, Italy
  • 4INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 5University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
  • 6LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
  • 7Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, F-74941 Annecy-le-Vieux, France
  • 8Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 9Nikhef, Science Park, 1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 10LIGO, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
  • 11Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12227-010 São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 12INFN, Gran Sasso Science Institute, I-67100 L’Aquila, Italy
  • 13INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
  • 14Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
  • 15International Centre for Theoretical Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bangalore 560012, India
  • 16University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
  • 17Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
  • 18Università di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
  • 19INFN, Sezione di Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy
  • 20Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia
  • 21The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
  • 22California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California 92831, USA
  • 23LAL, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
  • 24Chennai Mathematical Institute, Chennai, India 603103
  • 25Università di Roma Tor Vergata, I-00133 Roma, Italy
  • 26University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
  • 27Universität Hamburg, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
  • 28INFN, Sezione di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
  • 29Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
  • 30APC, AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Université Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Observatoire de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75205 Paris Cedex 13, France
  • 31Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
  • 32Università di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
  • 33INFN, Sezione di Perugia, I-06123 Perugia, Italy
  • 34European Gravitational Observatory (EGO), I-56021 Cascina, Pisa, Italy
  • 35Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
  • 36SUPA, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
  • 37LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
  • 38Wigner RCP, RMKI, H-1121 Budapest, Konkoly Thege Miklós út 29-33, Hungary
  • 39Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
  • 40Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
  • 41Università di Padova, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, I-35131 Padova, Italy
  • 42INFN, Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
  • 43CAMK-PAN, 00-716 Warsaw, Poland
  • 44Astronomical Observatory Warsaw University, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland
  • 45University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
  • 46Università degli Studi di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
  • 47INFN, Sezione di Genova, I-16146 Genova, Italy
  • 48RRCAT, Indore MP 452013, India
  • 49Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
  • 50SUPA, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, United Kingdom
  • 51University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
  • 52Department of Astrophysics/IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, Netherlands
  • 53Artemis, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Observatoire Côte d’Azur, CS 34229, Nice cedex 4, France
  • 54MTA Eötvös University, “Lendulet” Astrophysics Research Group, Budapest 1117, Hungary
  • 55Institut de Physique de Rennes, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France
  • 56Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
  • 57Università degli Studi di Urbino “Carlo Bo,” I-61029 Urbino, Italy
  • 58INFN, Sezione di Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy
  • 59University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
  • 60Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, F-75005 Paris, France
  • 61VU University Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 62University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
  • 63Center for Relativistic Astrophysics and School of Physics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, USA
  • 64Institut Lumière Matière, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5306, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
  • 65Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA), IN2P3/CNRS, Université de Lyon, F-69622 Villeurbanne, Lyon, France
  • 66Universitat de les Illes Balears, IAC3—IEEC, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
  • 67Università di Napoli “Federico II,” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
  • 68NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
  • 69Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H8, Canada
  • 70Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
  • 71Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, USA
  • 72The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
  • 73National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu City, 30013 Taiwan, Republic of China
  • 74Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2678, Australia
  • 75University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
  • 76Caltech CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
  • 77Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information, Daejeon 305-806, Korea
  • 78Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
  • 79Università di Roma “La Sapienza,” I-00185 Roma, Italy
  • 80University of Brussels, Brussels 1050, Belgium
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  • 85The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
  • 86The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
  • 87University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy and INFN, Sezione di Napoli, I-80100 Napoli, Italy
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  • 89Università di Trento, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
  • 90INFN, Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, I-38123 Povo, Trento, Italy
  • 91Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
  • 92National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
  • 93School of Mathematics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
  • 94Indian Institute of Technology, Gandhinagar Ahmedabad Gujarat 382424, India
  • 95Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428, India
  • 96University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary
  • 97Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
  • 98University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
  • 99Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
  • 100Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
  • 101American University, Washington, D.C. 20016, USA
  • 102Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
  • 103University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
  • 104University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
  • 105West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506, USA
  • 106University of Biał ystok, 15-424 Biał ystok, Poland
  • 107SUPA, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
  • 108IISER-TVM, CET Campus, Trivandrum Kerala 695016, India
  • 109Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
  • 110Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Korea
  • 111Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea
  • 112NCBJ, 05-400 Świerk-Otwock, Poland
  • 113IM-PAN, 00-956 Warsaw, Poland
  • 114Monash University, Victoria 3800, Australia
  • 115Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
  • 116University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
  • 117ESPCI, CNRS, F-75005 Paris, France
  • 118Università di Camerino, Dipartimento di Fisica, I-62032 Camerino, Italy
  • 119Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
  • 120College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
  • 121Instituto de Física Teórica, University Estadual Paulista/ICTP South American Institute for Fundamental Research, São Paulo SP 01140-070, Brazil
  • 122University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, United Kingdom
  • 123IISER-Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal 741252, India
  • 124Whitman College, 345 Boyer Avenue, Walla Walla, Washington 99362 USA
  • 125National Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Daejeon 305-390, Korea
  • 126Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
  • 127Janusz Gil Institute of Astronomy, University of Zielona Góra, 65-265 Zielona Góra, Poland
  • 128Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA
  • 129Università di Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
  • 130Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
  • 131University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
  • 132Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio 43022, USA
  • 133Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA

  • *Full author list given at the end of the article.
  • aDeceased, April 2012.
  • bDeceased, May 2015.
  • cDeceased, March 2015.
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Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102 – Published 11 February, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102

Abstract

On September 14, 2015 at 09:50:45 UTC the two detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory simultaneously observed a transient gravitational-wave signal. The signal sweeps upwards in frequency from 35 to 250 Hz with a peak gravitational-wave strain of 1.0×10−21. It matches the waveform predicted by general relativity for the inspiral and merger of a pair of black holes and the ringdown of the resulting single black hole. The signal was observed with a matched-filter signal-to-noise ratio of 24 and a false alarm rate estimated to be less than 1 event per 203 000 years, equivalent to a significance greater than 5.1σ. The source lies at a luminosity distance of 410−180+160  Mpc corresponding to a redshift z=0.09−0.04+0.03. In the source frame, the initial black hole masses are 36−4+5M⊙ and 29−4+4M⊙, and the final black hole mass is 62−4+4M⊙, with 3.0−0.5+0.5M⊙c2 radiated in gravitational waves. All uncertainties define 90% credible intervals. These observations demonstrate the existence of binary stellar-mass black hole systems. This is the first direct detection of gravitational waves and the first observation of a binary black hole merger.

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Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Viewpoint

The First Sounds of Merging Black Holes

Published 11 February, 2016

Gravitational waves emitted by the merger of two black holes have been detected, setting the course for a new era of observational astrophysics.

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Article Text

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Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 061102– Published 11 February, 2016
  • Received 21 January 2016
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