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Observation of Long-Range Collective Flow in $O + O$ and $Ne + Ne$ Collisions and Implications for Nuclear Structure Studies

A. Hayrapetyan¹, V. Makarenko ¹, A. Tumasyan ^1,b, W. Adam ², L. Benato ², T. Bergauer ², M. Dragicevic ², C. Giordano², P. S. Hussain ² et al. (CMS Collaboration)

P. S. Hussain ², M. Jeitler ^2,c, N. Krammer ², A. Li ², D. Liko ², M. Matthewman², J. Schieck ^2,c, R. Schöfbeck ^2,c, M. Shooshtari ², M. Sonawane ², W. Waltenberger ², C.-E. Wulz ^2,c, T. Janssen ³, H. Kwon ³, D. Ocampo Henao ³, T. Van Laer ³, P. Van Mechelen ³, J. Bierkens ⁴, N. Breugelmans⁴, J. D’Hondt ⁴, S. Dansana ⁴, A. De Moor ⁴, M. Delcourt ⁴, F. Heyen⁴, Y. Hong ⁴, P. Kashko ⁴, S. Lowette ⁴, I. Makarenko ⁴, D. Müller ⁴, J. Song ⁴, S. Tavernier ⁴, M. Tytgat ^4,d, G. P. Van Onsem ⁴, S. Van Putte ⁴, D. Vannerom ⁴, B. Bilin ⁵, B. Clerbaux ⁵, A. K. Das⁵, I. De Bruyn ⁵, G. De Lentdecker ⁵, H. Evard ⁵, L. Favart ⁵, P. Gianneios ⁵, A. Khalilzadeh⁵, F. A. Khan ⁵, A. Malara ⁵, M. A. Shahzad⁵, A. Sharma ⁵, L. Thomas ⁵, M. Vanden Bemden ⁵, C. Vander Velde ⁵, P. Vanlaer ⁵, F. Zhang ⁵, M. De Coen ⁶, D. Dobur ⁶, G. Gokbulut ⁶, D. Marckx ⁶, K. Skovpen ⁶, A. M. Tomaru⁶, N. Van Den Bossche ⁶, J. van der Linden ⁶, J. Vandenbroeck ⁶, L. Wezenbeek ⁶, H. Aarup Petersen ⁷, S. Bein ⁷, A. 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Maity ^73,ll, P. Mal ⁷³, K. Naskar ^73,ll, A. Nayak ^73,ll, K. Pal ⁷³, P. Sadangi⁷³, S. K. Swain ⁷³, S. Varghese ^73,ll, D. Vats ^73,ll, S. Dube ⁷⁴, P. Hazarika ⁷⁴, B. Kansal ⁷⁴, A. Laha ⁷⁴, R. Sharma ⁷⁴, S. Sharma ⁷⁴, K. Y. Vaish ⁷⁴, S. Ghosh ⁷⁵, H. Bakhshiansohi ^76,mm, A. Jafari ^76,nn, V. Sedighzadeh Dalavi ⁷⁶, M. Zeinali ^76,oo, S. Bashiri ⁷⁷, S. Chenarani ^77,pp, S. M. Etesami ⁷⁷, Y. Hosseini ⁷⁷, M. Khakzad ⁷⁷, E. Khazaie ⁷⁷, M. Mohammadi Najafabadi ⁷⁷, S. Tizchang ^77,qq, M. Felcini ⁷⁸, M. Grunewald ⁷⁸, M. Abbrescia ^79a,79b, M. Barbieri^79a,79b, M. Buonsante ^79a,79b, A. Colaleo ^79a,79b, D. Creanza ^79a,79c, N. De Filippis ^79a,79c, M. De Palma ^79a,79b, W. Elmetenawee ^79a,79b,rr, N. Ferrara ^79a,79c, L. Fiore ^79a, L. Generoso^79a,79b, L. Longo ^79a, M. Louka ^79a,79b, G. Maggi ^79a,79c, M. Maggi ^79a, I. Margjeka ^79a, V. Mastrapasqua ^79a,79b, S. My ^79a,79b, F. Nenna ^79a,79b, S. Nuzzo ^79a,79b, A. Pellecchia ^79a,79b, A. Pompili ^79a,79b, G. Pugliese ^79a,79c, R. 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Cassese ^82a, R. Ceccarelli ^82a, V. Ciulli ^82a,82b, C. Civinini ^82a, R. D’Alessandro ^82a,82b, L. Damenti^82a,82b, E. Focardi ^82a,82b, T. Kello ^82a, G. Latino ^82a,82b, P. Lenzi ^82a,82b, M. Lizzo ^82a, M. Meschini ^82a, S. Paoletti ^82a, A. Papanastassiou^82a,82b, G. Sguazzoni ^82a, L. Viliani ^82a, L. Benussi ⁸³, S. Bianco ⁸³, S. Meola ^83,uu, D. Piccolo ⁸³, M. Alves Gallo Pereira ^84a, F. Ferro ^84a, E. Robutti ^84a, S. Tosi ^84a,84b, A. Benaglia ^85a, F. Brivio ^85a, V. Camagni ^85a,85b, F. Cetorelli ^85a,85b, F. De Guio ^85a,85b, M. E. Dinardo ^85a,85b, P. Dini ^85a, S. Gennai ^85a, R. Gerosa ^85a,85b, A. Ghezzi ^85a,85b, P. Govoni ^85a,85b, L. Guzzi ^85a, M. R. Kim ^85a, G. Lavizzari^85a,85b, M. T. Lucchini ^85a,85b, M. Malberti ^85a, S. Malvezzi ^85a, A. Massironi ^85a, D. Menasce ^85a, L. Moroni ^85a, M. Paganoni ^85a,85b, S. Palluotto ^85a,85b, D. Pedrini ^85a, A. Perego ^85a,85b, G. Pizzati ^85a,85b, T. Tabarelli de Fatis ^85a,85b, S. Buontempo ^86a, C. Di Fraia ^86a,86b, F. Fabozzi ^86a,86c, L. Favilla ^86a,86d, A. O. M. Iorio ^86a,86b, L. Lista ^86a,86b,vv, P. Paolucci ^86a,aa, B. Rossi ^86a, P. Azzi ^87a, N. Bacchetta ^87a,ww, D. Bisello ^87a,87b, L. Borella^87a, P. Bortignon ^87a,87c, G. Bortolato ^87a,87b, A. C. M. Bulla ^87a,87c, P. Checchia ^87a, T. Dorigo ^87a,xx, F. Fanzago ^87a, F. Gasparini ^87a,87b, U. Gasparini ^87a,87b, S. Giorgetti ^87a, E. Lusiani ^87a, M. Margoni ^87a,87b, A. T. Meneguzzo ^87a,87b, J. Pazzini ^87a,87b, F. Primavera ^87a,87b, P. Ronchese ^87a,87b, R. Rossin ^87a,87b, F. Simonetto ^87a,87b, M. Tosi ^87a,87b, A. Triossi ^87a,87b, S. Ventura ^87a, M. Zanetti ^87a,87b, P. Zotto ^87a,87b, A. Zucchetta ^87a,87b, A. Braghieri ^88a, S. Calzaferri ^88a,88b, P. Montagna ^88a,88b, M. Pelliccioni ^88a,88b, V. Re ^88a, C. Riccardi ^88a,88b, P. Salvini ^88a, I. Vai ^88a,88b, P. Vitulo ^88a,88b, S. Ajmal ^89a,89b, M. E. Ascioti^89a,89b, G. M. Bilei ^89a,a, C. Carrivale^89a,89b, D. Ciangottini ^89a,89b, L. Della Penna^89a,89b, L. Fanò ^89a,89b, V. Mariani ^89a,89b, M. Menichelli ^89a, F. Moscatelli ^89a,yy, A. Rossi ^89a,89b, A. Santocchia ^89a,89b, D. Spiga ^89a, T. Tedeschi ^89a,89b, C. Aimè ^90a,90b, C. A. Alexe ^90a,90c, P. Asenov ^90a,90b, P. Azzurri ^90a, G. Bagliesi ^90a, L. Bianchini ^90a,90b, T. Boccali ^90a, E. Bossini ^90a, D. Bruschini ^90a,90c, R. Castaldi ^90a, F. Cattafesta ^90a,90c, M. A. Ciocci ^90a,90d, M. Cipriani ^90a,90b, R. Dell’Orso ^90a, S. Donato ^90a,90b, R. Forti ^90a,90b, A. Giassi ^90a, F. Ligabue ^90a,90c, A. C. Marini ^90a,90b, A. Messineo ^90a,90b, S. Mishra ^90a, V. K. Muraleedharan Nair Bindhu ^90a,90b, S. Nandan ^90a, F. Palla ^90a, M. Riggirello ^90a,90c, A. Rizzi ^90a,90b, G. Rolandi ^90a,90c, S. Roy Chowdhury ^90a,zz, T. Sarkar ^90a, A. Scribano ^90a, P. Solanki ^90a,90b, P. Spagnolo ^90a, F. Tenchini ^90a,90b, R. Tenchini ^90a, G. Tonelli ^90a,90b, N. Turini ^90a,90d, F. Vaselli ^90a,90c, A. Venturi ^90a, P. G. Verdini ^90a, P. Akrap ^91a,91b, C. Basile ^91a,91b, S. C. Behera ^91a, F. Cavallari ^91a, L. Cunqueiro Mendez ^91a,91b, F. De Riggi ^91a,91b, D. Del Re ^91a,91b, E. Di Marco ^91a, M. Diemoz ^91a, F. Errico ^91a, L. Frosina ^91a,91b, R. Gargiulo ^91a,91b, B. Harikrishnan ^91a,91b, F. Lombardi^91a,91b, E. Longo ^91a,91b, L. Martikainen ^91a,91b, J. Mijuskovic ^91a,91b, G. Organtini ^91a,91b, N. Palmeri ^91a,91b, R. Paramatti ^91a,91b, S. Rahatlou ^91a,91b, C. Rovelli ^91a, F. Santanastasio ^91a,91b, L. Soffi ^91a, V. Vladimirov^91a,91b, N. Amapane ^92a,92b, R. Arcidiacono ^92a,92c, S. Argiro ^92a,92b, M. Arneodo ^92a,92c,a, N. Bartosik ^92a,92c, R. Bellan ^92a,92b, A. Bellora ^92a,92b, C. Biino ^92a, C. Borca ^92a,92b, N. Cartiglia ^92a, M. Costa ^92a,92b, R. Covarelli ^92a,92b, N. Demaria ^92a, L. Finco ^92a, M. Grippo ^92a,92b, B. Kiani ^92a,92b, L. Lanteri ^92a,92b, F. Legger ^92a, F. Luongo ^92a,92b, C. Mariotti ^92a, S. Maselli ^92a, A. Mecca ^92a,92b, L. Menzio^92a,92b, P. Meridiani ^92a, E. Migliore ^92a,92b, M. Monteno ^92a, M. M. Obertino ^92a,92b, G. Ortona ^92a, L. Pacher ^92a,92b, N. Pastrone ^92a, M. Ruspa ^92a,92c, F. Siviero ^92a,92b, V. Sola ^92a,92b, A. Solano ^92a,92b, A. Staiano ^92a, C. Tarricone ^92a,92b, D. Trocino ^92a, G. Umoret ^92a,92b, E. Vlasov ^92a,92b, R. White ^92a,92b, J. Babbar ^93a,93b,zz, S. Belforte ^93a, V. Candelise ^93a,93b, M. Casarsa ^93a, F. Cossutti ^93a, K. De Leo ^93a, G. Della Ricca ^93a,93b, R. Delli Gatti ^93a,93b, S. Dogra ⁹⁴, J. Hong ⁹⁴, J. Kim ⁹⁴, T. Kim ⁹⁴, D. Lee⁹⁴, H. Lee ⁹⁴, J. Lee ⁹⁴, S. W. Lee ⁹⁴, C. S. Moon ⁹⁴, Y. D. Oh ⁹⁴, S. Sekmen ⁹⁴, B. Tae⁹⁴, Y. C. Yang ⁹⁴, M. S. Kim ⁹⁵, G. Bak ⁹⁶, P. Gwak ⁹⁶, H. Kim ⁹⁶, D. H. Moon ⁹⁶, J. Seo ⁹⁶, E. Asilar ⁹⁷, F. Carnevali ⁹⁷, J. Choi ^97,aaa, T. J. Kim ⁹⁷, Y. Ryou ⁹⁷, S. Ha ⁹⁸, S. Han⁹⁸, B. Hong ⁹⁸, J. Kim ⁹⁸, K. Lee ⁹⁸, K. S. Lee ⁹⁸, S. Lee ⁹⁸, J. Yoo ⁹⁸, J. Goh ⁹⁹, J. Shin ⁹⁹, S. Yang ⁹⁹, Y. Kang ¹⁰⁰, H. S. Kim ¹⁰⁰, Y. Kim ¹⁰⁰, B. Ko¹⁰⁰, S. Lee¹⁰⁰, J. Almond¹⁰¹, J. H. Bhyun¹⁰¹, J. Choi ¹⁰¹, J. Choi¹⁰¹, W. Jun ¹⁰¹, H. Kim ¹⁰¹, J. Kim¹⁰¹, T. Kim¹⁰¹, Y. Kim¹⁰¹, Y. W. Kim ¹⁰¹, S. Ko ¹⁰¹, H. Lee ¹⁰¹, J. Lee ¹⁰¹, J. Lee¹⁰¹, B. H. Oh ¹⁰¹, J. Shin ¹⁰¹, U. K. Yang¹⁰¹, I. Yoon ¹⁰¹, W. Jang ¹⁰², D. Y. Kang¹⁰², D. Kim ¹⁰², S. Kim ¹⁰², J. S. H. Lee ¹⁰², Y. Lee ¹⁰², I. C. Park ¹⁰², Y. Roh¹⁰², I. J. Watson ¹⁰², G. Cho¹⁰³, K. Hwang ¹⁰³, B. Kim ¹⁰³, S. Kim¹⁰³, K. Lee¹⁰³, H. D. Yoo ¹⁰³, Y. Lee ¹⁰⁴, I. Yu ¹⁰⁴, T. Beyrouthy ¹⁰⁵, Y. Gharbia ¹⁰⁵, F. Alazemi ¹⁰⁶, K. Dreimanis ¹⁰⁷, O. M. Eberlins ¹⁰⁷, A. Gaile ¹⁰⁷, C. Munoz Diaz ¹⁰⁷, D. Osite ¹⁰⁷, G. Pikurs ¹⁰⁷, R. Plese ¹⁰⁷, A. Potrebko ¹⁰⁷, M. Seidel ¹⁰⁷, D. Sidiropoulos Kontos ¹⁰⁷, N. R. Strautnieks ¹⁰⁸, M. Ambrozas ¹⁰⁹, A. Juodagalvis ¹⁰⁹, S. Nargelas ¹⁰⁹, A. Rinkevicius ¹⁰⁹, G. Tamulaitis ¹⁰⁹, I. Yusuff ^110,bbb, Z. Zolkapli¹¹⁰, J. F. Benitez ¹¹¹, A. Castaneda Hernandez ¹¹¹, A. Cota Rodriguez ¹¹¹, L. E. Cuevas Picos¹¹¹, H. A. Encinas Acosta¹¹¹, L. G. Gallegos Maríñez¹¹¹, J. A. Murillo Quijada ¹¹¹, L. Valencia Palomo ¹¹¹, G. Ayala ¹¹², H. Castilla-Valdez ¹¹², H. Crotte Ledesma ¹¹², R. Lopez-Fernandez ¹¹², J. Mejia Guisao ¹¹², R. Reyes-Almanza ¹¹², A. Sánchez Hernández ¹¹², C. Oropeza Barrera ¹¹³, D. L. Ramirez Guadarrama¹¹³, M. Ramírez García ¹¹³, I. Bautista ¹¹⁴, F. E. Neri Huerta ¹¹⁴, I. Pedraza ¹¹⁴, H. A. Salazar Ibarguen ¹¹⁴, C. Uribe Estrada ¹¹⁴, I. Bubanja ¹¹⁵, N. Raicevic ¹¹⁵, P. H. Butler ¹¹⁶, A. Ahmad ¹¹⁷, M. I. Asghar ¹¹⁷, A. Awais ¹¹⁷, M. I. M. Awan¹¹⁷, W. A. Khan ¹¹⁷, V. Avati¹¹⁸, L. Forthomme ¹¹⁸, L. Grzanka ¹¹⁸, M. Malawski ¹¹⁸, K. Piotrzkowski ¹¹⁸, M. Bluj ¹¹⁹, M. Górski ¹¹⁹, M. Kazana ¹¹⁹, M. Szleper ¹¹⁹, P. Zalewski ¹¹⁹, K. Bunkowski ¹²⁰, K. Doroba ¹²⁰, A. Kalinowski ¹²⁰, M. Konecki ¹²⁰, J. Krolikowski ¹²⁰, A. Muhammad ¹²⁰, P. Fokow ¹²¹, K. Pozniak ¹²¹, W. Zabolotny ¹²¹, M. Araujo ¹²², D. Bastos ¹²², C. Beirão Da Cruz E Silva¹²², A. Boletti ¹²², M. Bozzo ¹²², T. Camporesi ¹²², G. Da Molin ¹²², M. Gallinaro ¹²², J. Hollar ¹²², N. Leonardo ¹²², G. B. Marozzo ¹²², A. Petrilli ¹²², M. Pisano ¹²², J. 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Del Riego Badas ¹²⁷, D. Estrada Acevedo ¹²⁷, J. Fernandez Menendez ¹²⁷, S. Folgueras ¹²⁷, I. Gonzalez Caballero ¹²⁷, P. Leguina ¹²⁷, M. Obeso Menendez ¹²⁷, E. Palencia Cortezon ¹²⁷, J. Prado Pico ¹²⁷, A. Soto Rodríguez ¹²⁷, P. Vischia ¹²⁷, S. Blanco Fernández ¹²⁸, I. J. Cabrillo ¹²⁸, A. Calderon ¹²⁸, J. Duarte Campderros ¹²⁸, M. Fernandez ¹²⁸, G. Gomez ¹²⁸, C. Lasaosa García ¹²⁸, R. Lopez Ruiz ¹²⁸, C. Martinez Rivero ¹²⁸, P. Martinez Ruiz del Arbol ¹²⁸, F. Matorras ¹²⁸, P. Matorras Cuevas ¹²⁸, E. Navarrete Ramos ¹²⁸, J. Piedra Gomez ¹²⁸, C. Quintana San Emeterio ¹²⁸, L. Scodellaro ¹²⁸, I. Vila ¹²⁸, R. Vilar Cortabitarte ¹²⁸, J. M. Vizan Garcia ¹²⁸, B. Kailasapathy ^129,ccc, D. D. C. Wickramarathna ¹²⁹, W. G. D. Dharmaratna ^130,ddd, K. Liyanage ¹³⁰, N. Perera ¹³⁰, D. Abbaneo ¹³¹, C. Amendola ¹³¹, R. Ardino ¹³¹, E. Auffray ¹³¹, J. Baechler¹³¹, D. Barney ¹³¹, J. Bendavid ¹³¹, M. Bianco ¹³¹, A. Bocci ¹³¹, L. Borgonovi ¹³¹, C. Botta ¹³¹, A. Bragagnolo ¹³¹, C. E. Brown ¹³¹, C. 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Ribeiro Lopes ¹³¹, F. Riti ¹³¹, P. Rosado ¹³¹, M. Rovere ¹³¹, H. Sakulin ¹³¹, R. Salvatico ¹³¹, S. Sanchez Cruz ¹³¹, S. Scarfi ¹³¹, M. Selvaggi ¹³¹, K. Shchelina ¹³¹, P. Silva ¹³¹, P. Sphicas ^131,eee, A. G. Stahl Leiton ¹³¹, A. Steen ¹³¹, S. Summers ¹³¹, D. Treille ¹³¹, P. Tropea ¹³¹, E. Vernazza ¹³¹, J. Wanczyk ^131,fff, S. Wuchterl ¹³¹, M. Zarucki ¹³¹, P. Zehetner ¹³¹, P. Zejdl ¹³¹, G. Zevi Della Porta ¹³¹, T. Bevilacqua ^132,ggg, L. Caminada ^132,ggg, W. Erdmann ¹³², R. Horisberger ¹³², Q. Ingram ¹³², H. C. Kaestli ¹³², D. Kotlinski ¹³², C. Lange ¹³², U. Langenegger ¹³², A. Nigamova ¹³², L. Noehte ^132,ggg, T. Rohe ¹³², A. Samalan ¹³², T. K. Aarrestad ¹³³, M. Backhaus ¹³³, G. Bonomelli ¹³³, C. Cazzaniga ¹³³, K. Datta ¹³³, P. De Bryas Dexmiers D’Archiacchiac ^133,fff, A. De Cosa ¹³³, G. Dissertori ¹³³, M. Dittmar¹³³, M. Donegà ¹³³, F. Glessgen ¹³³, C. Grab ¹³³, N. Härringer ¹³³, T. G. Harte ¹³³, W. Lustermann ¹³³, M. Malucchi ¹³³, R. A. Manzoni ¹³³, L. Marchese ¹³³, A. Mascellani ^133,fff, F. Nessi-Tedaldi ¹³³, F. Pauss ¹³³, B. Ristic ¹³³, R. Seidita ¹³³, J. Steggemann ^133,fff, A. Tarabini ¹³³, D. Valsecchi ¹³³, R. Wallny ¹³³, C. Amsler ^134,hhh, P. Bärtschi ¹³⁴, F. Bilandzija ¹³⁴, M. F. Canelli ¹³⁴, G. Celotto ¹³⁴, V. Guglielmi ¹³⁴, A. Jofrehei ¹³⁴, B. Kilminster ¹³⁴, T. H. Kwok ¹³⁴, S. Leontsinis ¹³⁴, V. Lukashenko ¹³⁴, A. Macchiolo ¹³⁴, F. Meng ¹³⁴, M. Missiroli ¹³⁴, J. Motta ¹³⁴, P. Robmann¹³⁴, E. Shokr ¹³⁴, F. Stäger ¹³⁴, R. Tramontano ¹³⁴, P. Viscone ¹³⁴, D. Bhowmik¹³⁵, C. M. Kuo¹³⁵, P. K. Rout ¹³⁵, S. Taj ¹³⁵, P. C. Tiwari ^135,jj, L. Ceard¹³⁶, K. F. Chen ¹³⁶, Z. g. Chen¹³⁶, A. De Iorio ¹³⁶, W.-S. Hou ¹³⁶, T. h. Hsu¹³⁶, Y. w. Kao¹³⁶, S. Karmakar ¹³⁶, G. Kole ¹³⁶, Y. y. Li ¹³⁶, R.-S. Lu ¹³⁶, E. Paganis ¹³⁶, X. f. Su ¹³⁶, J. Thomas-Wilsker ¹³⁶, L. s. Tsai¹³⁶, D. Tsionou¹³⁶, H. y. Wu ¹³⁶, E. Yazgan ¹³⁶, C. Asawatangtrakuldee ¹³⁷, N. Srimanobhas ¹³⁷, Y. Maghrbi ¹³⁸, D. Agyel ¹³⁹, F. Dolek ¹³⁹, I. Dumanoglu ^139,iii, Y. Guler ^139,jjj, E. Gurpinar Guler ^139,jjj, C. Isik ¹³⁹, O. Kara ^139,kkk, A. Kayis Topaksu ¹³⁹, Y. Komurcu ¹³⁹, G. Onengut ¹³⁹, K. Ozdemir ^139,lll, B. Tali ^139,mmm, U. G. Tok ¹³⁹, E. Uslan ¹³⁹, I. S. Zorbakir ¹³⁹, S. Sen ¹⁴⁰, M. Yalvac ^141,nnn, B. Akgun ¹⁴², I. O. Atakisi ^142,ooo, E. Gülmez ¹⁴², M. Kaya ^142,ppp, O. Kaya ^142,qqq, M. A. Sarkisla^142,rrr, S. Tekten ^142,sss, D. Boncukcu ¹⁴³, A. Cakir ¹⁴³, K. Cankocak ^143,iii,ttt, B. Hacisahinoglu ¹⁴⁴, I. Hos ^144,uuu, B. Kaynak ¹⁴⁴, S. Ozkorucuklu ¹⁴⁴, O. Potok ¹⁴⁴, H. Sert ¹⁴⁴, C. Simsek ¹⁴⁴, C. Zorbilmez ¹⁴⁴, S. Cerci ¹⁴⁵, C. Dozen ^145,vvv, B. Isildak ¹⁴⁵, E. Simsek ¹⁴⁵, D. Sunar Cerci ¹⁴⁵, T. Yetkin ^145,vvv, A. Boyaryntsev ¹⁴⁶, O. Dadazhanova¹⁴⁶, B. Grynyov ¹⁴⁶, L. Levchuk ¹⁴⁷, J. J. Brooke ¹⁴⁸, A. Bundock ¹⁴⁸, F. Bury ¹⁴⁸, E. Clement ¹⁴⁸, D. Cussans ¹⁴⁸, D. Dharmender¹⁴⁸, H. Flacher ¹⁴⁸, J. Goldstein ¹⁴⁸, H. F. Heath ¹⁴⁸, M.-L. Holmberg ¹⁴⁸, L. Kreczko ¹⁴⁸, S. Paramesvaran ¹⁴⁸, L. Robertshaw¹⁴⁸, M. S. Sanjrani^148,mm, J. Segal¹⁴⁸, V. J. Smith ¹⁴⁸, A. H. Ball¹⁴⁹, K. W. Bell ¹⁴⁹, A. Belyaev ^149,www, C. Brew ¹⁴⁹, R. M. Brown ¹⁴⁹, D. J. A. Cockerill ¹⁴⁹, A. Elliot ¹⁴⁹, K. V. Ellis¹⁴⁹, J. Gajownik ¹⁴⁹, K. Harder ¹⁴⁹, S. Harper ¹⁴⁹, J. Linacre ¹⁴⁹, K. Manolopoulos¹⁴⁹, M. Moallemi ¹⁴⁹, D. M. Newbold ¹⁴⁹, E. Olaiya ¹⁴⁹, D. Petyt ¹⁴⁹, T. Reis ¹⁴⁹, A. R. Sahasransu ¹⁴⁹, G. Salvi ¹⁴⁹, T. Schuh¹⁴⁹, C. H. Shepherd-Themistocleous ¹⁴⁹, I. R. Tomalin ¹⁴⁹, K. C. Whalen ¹⁴⁹, T. Williams ¹⁴⁹, I. Andreou ¹⁵⁰, R. Bainbridge ¹⁵⁰, P. Bloch ¹⁵⁰, O. Buchmuller¹⁵⁰, C. A. Carrillo Montoya ¹⁵⁰, D. Colling ¹⁵⁰, I. Das ¹⁵⁰, P. Dauncey ¹⁵⁰, G. Davies ¹⁵⁰, M. Della Negra ¹⁵⁰, S. Fayer¹⁵⁰, G. Fedi ¹⁵⁰, G. Hall ¹⁵⁰, H. R. Hoorani ¹⁵⁰, A. Howard¹⁵⁰, G. Iles ¹⁵⁰, C. R. Knight ¹⁵⁰, P. Krueper ¹⁵⁰, J. Langford ¹⁵⁰, K. H. Law ¹⁵⁰, J. León Holgado¹⁵⁰, L. Lyons ¹⁵⁰, A.-M. Magnan ¹⁵⁰, B. Maier ¹⁵⁰, S. Mallios¹⁵⁰, A. Mastronikolis ¹⁵⁰, M. Mieskolainen ¹⁵⁰, J. Nash ^150,xxx, M. Pesaresi ¹⁵⁰, P. B. Pradeep ¹⁵⁰, B. C. Radburn-Smith ¹⁵⁰, A. Richards¹⁵⁰, A. Rose ¹⁵⁰, L. Russell ¹⁵⁰, K. Savva ¹⁵⁰, C. Seez ¹⁵⁰, R. Shukla ¹⁵⁰, A. Tapper ¹⁵⁰, K. Uchida ¹⁵⁰, G. P. Uttley ¹⁵⁰, T. Virdee ^150,aa, M. Vojinovic ¹⁵⁰, N. Wardle ¹⁵⁰, D. Winterbottom ¹⁵⁰, J. E. Cole ¹⁵¹, A. Khan¹⁵¹, P. Kyberd ¹⁵¹, I. D. Reid ¹⁵¹, S. Abdullin ¹⁵², A. Brinkerhoff ¹⁵², E. Collins ¹⁵², M. R. Darwish ¹⁵², J. Dittmann ¹⁵², K. Hatakeyama ¹⁵², V. Hegde ¹⁵², J. Hiltbrand ¹⁵², B. McMaster ¹⁵², J. Samudio ¹⁵², S. Sawant ¹⁵², C. Sutantawibul ¹⁵², J. Wilson ¹⁵², J. M. Hogan ¹⁵³, R. Bartek ¹⁵⁴, A. Dominguez ¹⁵⁴, S. Raj ¹⁵⁴, B. Sahu ^154,ii, A. E. Simsek ¹⁵⁴, S. S. Yu ¹⁵⁴, B. Bam ¹⁵⁵, A. Buchot Perraguin ¹⁵⁵, S. Campbell¹⁵⁵, R. Chudasama ¹⁵⁵, S. I. Cooper ¹⁵⁵, C. Crovella ¹⁵⁵, G. Fidalgo ¹⁵⁵, S. V. Gleyzer ¹⁵⁵, A. Khukhunaishvili ¹⁵⁵, K. Matchev ¹⁵⁵, E. Pearson¹⁵⁵, P. Rumerio ^155,yyy, E. Usai ¹⁵⁵, R. Yi ¹⁵⁵, S. Cholak ¹⁵⁶, G. De Castro¹⁵⁶, Z. Demiragli ¹⁵⁶, C. Erice ¹⁵⁶, C. Fangmeier ¹⁵⁶, C. Fernandez Madrazo ¹⁵⁶, J. Fulcher ¹⁵⁶, F. Golf ¹⁵⁶, S. Jeon ¹⁵⁶, J. O’Cain¹⁵⁶, I. Reed ¹⁵⁶, J. Rohlf ¹⁵⁶, K. Salyer ¹⁵⁶, D. Sperka ¹⁵⁶, D. Spitzbart ¹⁵⁶, I. Suarez ¹⁵⁶, A. Tsatsos ¹⁵⁶, E. Wurtz¹⁵⁶, A. G. Zecchinelli ¹⁵⁶, G. Barone ¹⁵⁷, G. Benelli ¹⁵⁷, D. Cutts ¹⁵⁷, S. Ellis ¹⁵⁷, L. Gouskos ¹⁵⁷, M. Hadley ¹⁵⁷, U. Heintz ¹⁵⁷, K. W. Ho ¹⁵⁷, T. Kwon ¹⁵⁷, L. Lambrecht ¹⁵⁷, G. Landsberg ¹⁵⁷, K. T. Lau ¹⁵⁷, J. Luo ¹⁵⁷, S. Mondal ¹⁵⁷, J. Roloff¹⁵⁷, T. Russell ¹⁵⁷, S. Sagir ^157,zzz, X. Shen ¹⁵⁷, M. Stamenkovic ¹⁵⁷, N. Venkatasubramanian ¹⁵⁷, S. Abbott ¹⁵⁸, S. Baradia ¹⁵⁸, B. Barton ¹⁵⁸, R. Breedon ¹⁵⁸, H. Cai ¹⁵⁸, M. Calderon De La Barca Sanchez ¹⁵⁸, E. Cannaert¹⁵⁸, M. Chertok ¹⁵⁸, M. Citron ¹⁵⁸, J. Conway ¹⁵⁸, P. T. Cox ¹⁵⁸, F. Eble ¹⁵⁸, R. Erbacher ¹⁵⁸, O. Kukral ¹⁵⁸, G. Mocellin ¹⁵⁸, S. Ostrom ¹⁵⁸, I. Salazar Segovia¹⁵⁸, J. S. Tafoya Vargas ¹⁵⁸, W. Wei ¹⁵⁸, S. Yoo ¹⁵⁸, K. Adamidis¹⁵⁹, M. Bachtis ¹⁵⁹, D. Campos¹⁵⁹, R. Cousins ¹⁵⁹, S. Crossley ¹⁵⁹, G. Flores Avila ¹⁵⁹, J. Hauser ¹⁵⁹, M. Ignatenko ¹⁵⁹, M. A. Iqbal ¹⁵⁹, T. Lam ¹⁵⁹, Y. f. Lo ¹⁵⁹, E. Manca ¹⁵⁹, A. Nunez Del Prado ¹⁵⁹, D. Saltzberg ¹⁵⁹, V. Valuev ¹⁵⁹, R. Clare ¹⁶⁰, J. W. Gary ¹⁶⁰, G. Hanson ¹⁶⁰, A. Aportela ¹⁶¹, A. Arora ¹⁶¹, J. G. Branson ¹⁶¹, S. Cittolin ¹⁶¹, S. Cooperstein ¹⁶¹, B. D’Anzi ¹⁶¹, D. Diaz ¹⁶¹, J. Duarte ¹⁶¹, L. Giannini ¹⁶¹, Y. Gu¹⁶¹, J. Guiang ¹⁶¹, V. Krutelyov ¹⁶¹, R. Lee ¹⁶¹, J. Letts ¹⁶¹, H. Li¹⁶¹, M. Masciovecchio ¹⁶¹, F. Mokhtar ¹⁶¹, S. Mukherjee ¹⁶¹, M. Pieri ¹⁶¹, D. Primosch¹⁶¹, M. Quinnan ¹⁶¹, V. Sharma ¹⁶¹, M. Tadel ¹⁶¹, E. Vourliotis ¹⁶¹, F. Würthwein ¹⁶¹, A. Yagil ¹⁶¹, Z. Zhao¹⁶¹, A. Barzdukas ¹⁶², L. Brennan ¹⁶², C. Campagnari ¹⁶², S. Carron Montero ^162,aaaa, K. Downham ¹⁶², C. Grieco ¹⁶², M. M. Hussain¹⁶², J. Incandela ¹⁶², M. W. K. Lai¹⁶², A. J. Li ¹⁶², P. Masterson ¹⁶², J. Richman ¹⁶², S. N. Santpur ¹⁶², R. Schmitz ¹⁶², D. Stuart ¹⁶², T. Á. Vámi ¹⁶², X. Yan ¹⁶², D. Zhang ¹⁶², A. Albert ¹⁶³, S. Bhattacharya ¹⁶³, A. Bornheim ¹⁶³, O. Cerri¹⁶³, R. Kansal ¹⁶³, J. Mao ¹⁶³, H. B. Newman ¹⁶³, G. Reales Gutiérrez¹⁶³, T. Sievert¹⁶³, M. Spiropulu ¹⁶³, J. R. 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Pilipovic ¹⁷¹, R. Pradhan ¹⁷¹, E. Prifti¹⁷¹, P. Roy¹⁷¹, T. Roy ¹⁷¹, D. Shekar¹⁷¹, N. Singh¹⁷¹, A. Thielen¹⁷¹, M. B. Tonjes ¹⁷¹, N. Varelas ¹⁷¹, M. A. Wadud ¹⁷¹, J. Yoo ¹⁷¹, M. Alhusseini ¹⁷², D. Blend ¹⁷², K. Dilsiz ^172,dddd, O. K. Köseyan ¹⁷², A. Mestvirishvili ^172,eeee, O. Neogi¹⁷², H. Ogul ^172,ffff, Y. Onel ¹⁷², A. Penzo ¹⁷², C. Snyder¹⁷², E. Tiras ^172,gggg, B. Blumenfeld ¹⁷³, J. Davis ¹⁷³, A. V. Gritsan ¹⁷³, L. Kang ¹⁷³, S. Kyriacou ¹⁷³, P. Maksimovic ¹⁷³, M. Roguljic ¹⁷³, S. Sekhar ¹⁷³, M. V. Srivastav ¹⁷³, M. Swartz ¹⁷³, A. Abreu ¹⁷⁴, L. F. Alcerro Alcerro ¹⁷⁴, J. Anguiano ¹⁷⁴, S. Arteaga Escatel ¹⁷⁴, P. Baringer ¹⁷⁴, A. Bean ¹⁷⁴, R. Bhattacharya ¹⁷⁴, Z. Flowers ¹⁷⁴, D. Grove ¹⁷⁴, J. King ¹⁷⁴, G. Krintiras ¹⁷⁴, M. Lazarovits ¹⁷⁴, C. Le Mahieu ¹⁷⁴, J. Marquez ¹⁷⁴, M. Murray ¹⁷⁴, M. Nickel ¹⁷⁴, S. Popescu ^174,hhhh, C. Rogan ¹⁷⁴, C. Royon ¹⁷⁴, S. Rudrabhatla ¹⁷⁴, S. Sanders ¹⁷⁴, C. Smith ¹⁷⁴, G. Wilson ¹⁷⁴, B. Allmond ¹⁷⁵, N. Islam¹⁷⁵, A. Ivanov ¹⁷⁵, K. Kaadze ¹⁷⁵, Y. Maravin ¹⁷⁵, J. Natoli ¹⁷⁵, G. G. Reddy ¹⁷⁵, D. Roy ¹⁷⁵, G. Sorrentino ¹⁷⁵, A. Baden ¹⁷⁶, A. Belloni ¹⁷⁶, J. Bistany-riebman¹⁷⁶, S. C. Eno ¹⁷⁶, N. J. Hadley ¹⁷⁶, S. Jabeen ¹⁷⁶, R. G. Kellogg ¹⁷⁶, T. Koeth ¹⁷⁶, B. Kronheim¹⁷⁶, S. Lascio ¹⁷⁶, P. Major ¹⁷⁶, A. C. Mignerey ¹⁷⁶, C. Palmer ¹⁷⁶, C. Papageorgakis ¹⁷⁶, M. M. Paranjpe¹⁷⁶, E. Popova ^176,iiii, A. Shevelev ¹⁷⁶, L. Zhang ¹⁷⁶, C. Baldenegro Barrera ¹⁷⁷, H. Bossi ¹⁷⁷, S. Bright-Thonney ¹⁷⁷, I. A. Cali ¹⁷⁷, Y. c. Chen ¹⁷⁷, P. c. Chou ¹⁷⁷, M. D’Alfonso ¹⁷⁷, J. Eysermans ¹⁷⁷, C. Freer ¹⁷⁷, G. Gomez-Ceballos ¹⁷⁷, M. Goncharov¹⁷⁷, G. Grosso ¹⁷⁷, P. Harris¹⁷⁷, D. Hoang ¹⁷⁷, G. M. Innocenti ¹⁷⁷, K. Ivanov ¹⁷⁷, D. Kovalskyi ¹⁷⁷, J. Krupa ¹⁷⁷, L. Lavezzo ¹⁷⁷, Y.-J. Lee ¹⁷⁷, K. Long ¹⁷⁷, C. Mcginn ¹⁷⁷, A. Novak ¹⁷⁷, M. I. Park ¹⁷⁷, C. Paus ¹⁷⁷, C. Reissel ¹⁷⁷, C. Roland ¹⁷⁷, G. Roland ¹⁷⁷, S. Rothman ¹⁷⁷, T. a. Sheng ¹⁷⁷, G. S. F. Stephans ¹⁷⁷, D. Walter ¹⁷⁷, J. Wang¹⁷⁷, Z. Wang ¹⁷⁷, B. Wyslouch ¹⁷⁷, T. J. Yang ¹⁷⁷, A. Alpana ¹⁷⁸, B. Crossman ¹⁷⁸, W. J. Jackson¹⁷⁸, C. Kapsiak ¹⁷⁸, M. Krohn ¹⁷⁸, D. Mahon ¹⁷⁸, J. Mans ¹⁷⁸, B. Marzocchi ¹⁷⁸, R. Rusack ¹⁷⁸, O. Sancar ¹⁷⁸, R. Saradhy ¹⁷⁸, N. Strobbe ¹⁷⁸, K. Bloom ¹⁷⁹, D. R. Claes ¹⁷⁹, G. Haza ¹⁷⁹, J. Hossain ¹⁷⁹, C. Joo ¹⁷⁹, I. Kravchenko ¹⁷⁹, K. H. M. Kwok ¹⁷⁹, A. Rohilla ¹⁷⁹, J. E. Siado ¹⁷⁹, W. Tabb ¹⁷⁹, A. Vagnerini ¹⁷⁹, A. Wightman ¹⁷⁹, F. Yan ¹⁷⁹, H. Bandyopadhyay ¹⁸⁰, L. Hay ¹⁸⁰, H. w. Hsia ¹⁸⁰, I. Iashvili ¹⁸⁰, A. Kalogeropoulos ¹⁸⁰, A. Kharchilava ¹⁸⁰, A. Mandal ¹⁸⁰, M. Morris ¹⁸⁰, D. Nguyen ¹⁸⁰, S. Rappoccio ¹⁸⁰, H. Rejeb Sfar¹⁸⁰, A. Williams ¹⁸⁰, D. Yu ¹⁸⁰, A. Aarif ¹⁸¹, G. Alverson ¹⁸¹, E. Barberis ¹⁸¹, J. Bonilla ¹⁸¹, B. Bylsma¹⁸¹, M. Campana ¹⁸¹, J. Dervan ¹⁸¹, Y. Haddad ¹⁸¹, Y. Han ¹⁸¹, I. Israr ¹⁸¹, A. Krishna ¹⁸¹, M. Lu ¹⁸¹, N. Manganelli ¹⁸¹, R. Mccarthy ¹⁸¹, D. M. Morse ¹⁸¹, T. Orimoto ¹⁸¹, L. Skinnari ¹⁸¹, C. S. Thoreson ¹⁸¹, E. Tsai ¹⁸¹, D. Wood ¹⁸¹, S. Dittmer ¹⁸², K. A. Hahn ¹⁸², M. Mcginnis ¹⁸², Y. Miao ¹⁸², D. G. Monk ¹⁸², M. H. Schmitt ¹⁸², A. Taliercio ¹⁸², M. Velasco ¹⁸², J. Wang¹⁸², G. Agarwal ¹⁸³, R. Band ¹⁸³, R. Bucci¹⁸³, S. Castells ¹⁸³, A. Das ¹⁸³, A. Datta ¹⁸³, A. Ehnis¹⁸³, R. Goldouzian ¹⁸³, M. Hildreth ¹⁸³, K. Hurtado Anampa ¹⁸³, T. Ivanov ¹⁸³, C. Jessop ¹⁸³, A. Karneyeu ¹⁸³, K. Lannon ¹⁸³, J. Lawrence ¹⁸³, N. Loukas ¹⁸³, L. Lutton ¹⁸³, J. Mariano ¹⁸³, N. Marinelli¹⁸³, T. McCauley ¹⁸³, C. Mcgrady ¹⁸³, C. Moore ¹⁸³, Y. Musienko ^183,iiii, H. Nelson ¹⁸³, M. Osherson ¹⁸³, A. Piccinelli ¹⁸³, R. Ruchti ¹⁸³, A. Townsend ¹⁸³, Y. Wan¹⁸³, M. Wayne ¹⁸³, H. Yockey¹⁸³, M. Carrigan ¹⁸⁴, R. De Los Santos ¹⁸⁴, L. S. Durkin ¹⁸⁴, C. Hill ¹⁸⁴, M. Joyce ¹⁸⁴, D. A. Wenzl¹⁸⁴, B. L. Winer ¹⁸⁴, B. R. Yates ¹⁸⁴, H. Bouchamaoui ¹⁸⁵, G. Dezoort ¹⁸⁵, P. Elmer ¹⁸⁵, A. Frankenthal ¹⁸⁵, M. Galli ¹⁸⁵, B. Greenberg ¹⁸⁵, N. Haubrich ¹⁸⁵, K. Kennedy¹⁸⁵, G. Kopp ¹⁸⁵, Y. Lai ¹⁸⁵, D. Lange ¹⁸⁵, A. Loeliger ¹⁸⁵, D. Marlow ¹⁸⁵, I. Ojalvo ¹⁸⁵, J. Olsen ¹⁸⁵, F. Simpson ¹⁸⁵, D. Stickland ¹⁸⁵, C. Tully ¹⁸⁵, S. Malik ¹⁸⁶, R. Sharma ¹⁸⁶, S. Chandra ¹⁸⁷, A. Gu ¹⁸⁷, L. Gutay¹⁸⁷, M. Huwiler ¹⁸⁷, M. Jones ¹⁸⁷, A. W. Jung ¹⁸⁷, D. Kondratyev ¹⁸⁷, J. Li ¹⁸⁷, M. Liu ¹⁸⁷, G. Negro ¹⁸⁷, N. Neumeister ¹⁸⁷, G. Paspalaki ¹⁸⁷, S. Piperov ¹⁸⁷, N. R. Saha ¹⁸⁷, J. F. Schulte ¹⁸⁷, F. Wang ¹⁸⁷, A. Wildridge ¹⁸⁷, W. Xie ¹⁸⁷, Y. Yao ¹⁸⁷, Y. Zhong ¹⁸⁷, N. Parashar ¹⁸⁸, A. Pathak ¹⁸⁸, E. Shumka ¹⁸⁸, D. Acosta ¹⁸⁹, A. Agrawal ¹⁸⁹, C. Arbour ¹⁸⁹, T. Carnahan ¹⁸⁹, P. Das ¹⁸⁹, K. M. Ecklund ¹⁸⁹, F. J. M. Geurts ¹⁸⁹, T. Huang ¹⁸⁹, I. Krommydas ¹⁸⁹, N. Lewis¹⁸⁹, W. Li ¹⁸⁹, J. Lin ¹⁸⁹, C. Loizides ¹⁸⁹, O. Miguel Colin ¹⁸⁹, B. P. Padley ¹⁸⁹, R. Redjimi ¹⁸⁹, J. Rotter ¹⁸⁹, C. Vico Villalba ¹⁸⁹, M. Wulansatiti ¹⁸⁹, E. Yigitbasi ¹⁸⁹, Y. Zhang ¹⁸⁹, O. Bessidskaia Bylund¹⁹⁰, A. Bodek ¹⁹⁰, P. de Barbaro ^190,a, R. Demina ¹⁹⁰, A. Garcia-Bellido ¹⁹⁰, H. S. Hare ¹⁹⁰, O. Hindrichs ¹⁹⁰, N. Parmar ¹⁹⁰, P. Parygin ^190,iiii, H. Seo ¹⁹⁰, R. Taus ¹⁹⁰, B. Chiarito¹⁹¹, J. P. Chou ¹⁹¹, S. V. Clark ¹⁹¹, S. Donnelly¹⁹¹, D. Gadkari ¹⁹¹, Y. Gershtein ¹⁹¹, E. Halkiadakis ¹⁹¹, C. Houghton ¹⁹¹, D. Jaroslawski ¹⁹¹, A. Kobert ¹⁹¹, I. Laflotte ¹⁹¹, A. Lath ¹⁹¹, J. Martins ¹⁹¹, M. Perez Prada ¹⁹¹, B. Rand ¹⁹¹, J. Reichert ¹⁹¹, P. Saha ¹⁹¹, S. Salur ¹⁹¹, S. Schnetzer¹⁹¹, S. Somalwar ¹⁹¹, R. Stone ¹⁹¹, S. A. Thayil ¹⁹¹, S. Thomas¹⁹¹, J. Vora ¹⁹¹, D. Ally ¹⁹², A. G. Delannoy ¹⁹², S. Fiorendi ¹⁹², J. Harris¹⁹², T. Holmes ¹⁹², A. R. Kanuganti ¹⁹², N. Karunarathna ¹⁹², J. Lawless¹⁹², L. Lee ¹⁹², E. Nibigira ¹⁹², B. Skipworth¹⁹², S. Spanier ¹⁹², D. Aebi ¹⁹³, M. Ahmad ¹⁹³, T. Akhter ¹⁹³, K. Androsov ¹⁹³, A. Basnet ¹⁹³, A. Bolshov¹⁹³, O. Bouhali ^193,jjjj, A. Cagnotta ¹⁹³, V. D’Amante ¹⁹³, R. Eusebi ¹⁹³, P. Flanagan ¹⁹³, J. Gilmore ¹⁹³, Y. Guo¹⁹³, T. Kamon ¹⁹³, S. Luo ¹⁹³, R. Mueller ¹⁹³, A. Safonov ¹⁹³, N. Akchurin ¹⁹⁴, J. Damgov ¹⁹⁴, Y. Feng ¹⁹⁴, N. Gogate ¹⁹⁴, W. Jin ¹⁹⁴, Y. Kazhykarim¹⁹⁴, K. Lamichhane ¹⁹⁴, S. W. Lee ¹⁹⁴, C. Madrid ¹⁹⁴, A. Mankel ¹⁹⁴, T. Peltola ¹⁹⁴, I. Volobouev ¹⁹⁴, E. Appelt ¹⁹⁵, Y. Chen ¹⁹⁵, S. Greene¹⁹⁵, A. Gurrola ¹⁹⁵, W. Johns ¹⁹⁵, R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli ¹⁹⁵, A. Melo ¹⁹⁵, D. Rathjens ¹⁹⁵, F. Romeo ¹⁹⁵, P. Sheldon ¹⁹⁵, S. Tuo ¹⁹⁵, J. Velkovska ¹⁹⁵, J. Viinikainen ¹⁹⁵, J. Zhang¹⁹⁵, B. Cardwell ¹⁹⁶, H. Chung ¹⁹⁶, B. Cox ¹⁹⁶, J. Hakala ¹⁹⁶, G. Hamilton Ilha Machado¹⁹⁶, R. Hirosky ¹⁹⁶, M. Jose¹⁹⁶, A. Ledovskoy ¹⁹⁶, C. Mantilla ¹⁹⁶, C. Neu ¹⁹⁶, C. Ramón Álvarez ¹⁹⁶, Z. Wu¹⁹⁶, S. Bhattacharya ¹⁹⁷, P. E. Karchin ¹⁹⁷, A. Aravind ¹⁹⁸, S. Banerjee ¹⁹⁸, K. Black ¹⁹⁸, T. Bose ¹⁹⁸, E. Chavez ¹⁹⁸, S. Dasu ¹⁹⁸, P. Everaerts ¹⁹⁸, C. Galloni¹⁹⁸, H. He ¹⁹⁸, M. Herndon ¹⁹⁸, A. Herve ¹⁹⁸, C. K. Koraka ¹⁹⁸, S. Lomte ¹⁹⁸, R. Loveless ¹⁹⁸, A. Mallampalli ¹⁹⁸, A. Mohammadi ¹⁹⁸, S. Mondal¹⁹⁸, T. Nelson¹⁹⁸, G. Parida ¹⁹⁸, L. Pétré ¹⁹⁸, D. Pinna ¹⁹⁸, A. Savin¹⁹⁸, V. Shang ¹⁹⁸, V. Sharma ¹⁹⁸, W. H. Smith ¹⁹⁸, D. Teague¹⁹⁸, H. F. Tsoi ¹⁹⁸, W. Vetens ¹⁹⁸, A. Warden ¹⁹⁸, S. Afanasiev ¹⁹⁹, V. Alexakhin ¹⁹⁹, Yu. Andreev ¹⁹⁹, T. Aushev ¹⁹⁹, D. Budkouski ¹⁹⁹, R. Chistov ¹⁹⁹, M. Danilov ¹⁹⁹, T. Dimova ¹⁹⁹, A. Ershov ¹⁹⁹, S. Gninenko ¹⁹⁹, I. Gorbunov ¹⁹⁹, A. Gribushin ¹⁹⁹, A. Kamenev ¹⁹⁹, V. Karjavine ¹⁹⁹, M. Kirsanov ¹⁹⁹, V. Klyukhin ¹⁹⁹, O. Kodolova ^199,kkkk, V. Korenkov ¹⁹⁹, I. Korsakov¹⁹⁹, A. Kozyrev ¹⁹⁹, N. Krasnikov ¹⁹⁹, A. Lanev ¹⁹⁹, A. Malakhov ¹⁹⁹, V. Matveev ¹⁹⁹, A. Nikitenko ^{199,kkkk,llll}, V. Palichik ¹⁹⁹, V. Perelygin ¹⁹⁹, S. Petrushanko ¹⁹⁹, O. Radchenko ¹⁹⁹, M. Savina ¹⁹⁹, V. Shalaev ¹⁹⁹, S. Shmatov ¹⁹⁹, S. Shulha ¹⁹⁹, Y. Skovpen ¹⁹⁹, K. Slizhevskiy¹⁹⁹, V. Smirnov ¹⁹⁹, O. Teryaev ¹⁹⁹, I. Tlisova ¹⁹⁹, A. Toropin ¹⁹⁹, N. Voytishin ¹⁹⁹, A. Zarubin ¹⁹⁹, I. Zhizhin ¹⁹⁹, L. Dudko ²⁰⁰, V. Kim ^200,iiii, V. Murzin ²⁰⁰, V. Oreshkin ²⁰⁰, D. Sosnov ²⁰⁰, E. Boos ²⁰⁰, V. Bunichev ²⁰⁰, M. Dubinin ^200,bbbb, V. Savrin ²⁰⁰, and A. Snigirev ²⁰⁰ (CMS Collaboration)

¹Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia
²Institut für Hochenergiephysik, Vienna, Austria
³Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen, Belgium
⁴Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
⁵Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
⁶Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
⁷Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
⁸Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
⁹Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
¹⁰Universidade Estadual Paulista, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo, Brazil
¹¹Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹²University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
¹³Instituto De Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7 D, Arica, Chile
¹⁴Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria, Valparaiso, Chile
¹⁵Beihang University, Beijing, China
¹⁶Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
¹⁷Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China
¹⁸State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing, China
¹⁹State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Institute of Quantum Matter, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
²⁰Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
²¹University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
²²Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
²³Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
²⁴Institute of Modern Physics and Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application (MOE) - Fudan University, Shanghai, China
²⁵Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
²⁶Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota, Colombia
²⁷Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
²⁸University of Split, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Split, Croatia
²⁹University of Split, Faculty of Science, Split, Croatia
³⁰Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb, Croatia
³¹University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
³²Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
³³Escuela Politecnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
³⁴Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
³⁵Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt, Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo, Egypt
³⁶Center for High Energy Physics (CHEP-FU), Fayoum University, El-Fayoum, Egypt
³⁷National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, Estonia
³⁸Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
³⁹Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki, Finland
⁴⁰Lappeenranta-Lahti University of Technology, Lappeenranta, Finland
⁴¹IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
⁴²Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, CNRS/IN2P3, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France
⁴³Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
⁴⁴Centre de Calcul de l’Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules, CNRS/IN2P3, Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁵Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France
⁴⁶Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia
⁴⁷RWTH Aachen University, I. Physikalisches Institut, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁸RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
⁴⁹RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Aachen, Germany
⁵⁰Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany
⁵¹University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
⁵²Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie, Karlsruhe, Germany
⁵³Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP), NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi, Greece
⁵⁴National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁵National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
⁵⁶University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina, Greece
⁵⁷HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁸MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
⁵⁹Faculty of Informatics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
⁶⁰HUN-REN ATOMKI - Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary
⁶¹Karoly Robert Campus, MATE Institute of Technology, Gyongyos, Hungary
⁶²IIT Bhubaneswar, Bhubaneswar, India
⁶³Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
⁶⁴University of Delhi, Delhi, India
⁶⁵Indian Institute of Technology Mandi (IIT-Mandi), Himachal Pradesh, India
⁶⁶University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
⁶⁷Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India
⁶⁸Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
⁶⁹Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
⁷⁰IISER Mohali, India, Mohali, India
⁷¹Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-A, Mumbai, India
⁷²Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-B, Mumbai, India
⁷³National Institute of Science Education and Research, An OCC of Homi Bhabha National Institute, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
⁷⁴Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, India
⁷⁵Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Telangana, India
⁷⁶Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
⁷⁷Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
⁷⁸University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
^79aINFN Sezione di Bari, Bari, Italy
^79bUniversità di Bari, Bari, Italy
^79cPolitecnico di Bari, Bari, Italy
^80aINFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^80bUniversità di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
^81aINFN Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
^81bUniversità di Catania, Catania, Italy
^82aINFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
^82bUniversità di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
⁸³INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
^84aINFN Sezione di Genova, Genova, Italy
^84bUniversità di Genova, Genova, Italy
^85aINFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^85bUniversità di Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
^86aINFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
^86bUniversità di Napoli ’Federico II’, Napoli, Italy
^86cUniversità della Basilicata, Potenza, Italy
^86dScuola Superiore Meridionale (SSM), Napoli, Italy
^87aINFN Sezione di Padova, Padova, Italy
^87bUniversità di Padova, Padova, Italy
^87cUniversita degli Studi di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
^88aINFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^88bUniversità di Pavia, Pavia, Italy
^89aINFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^89bUniversità di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
^90aINFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^90bUniversità di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^90cScuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
^90dUniversità di Siena, Siena, Italy
^91aINFN Sezione di Roma, Roma, Italy
^91bSapienza Università di Roma, Roma, Italy
^92aINFN Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
^92bUniversità di Torino, Torino, Italy
^92cUniversità del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
^93aINFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
^93bUniversità di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
⁹⁴Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
⁹⁵Department of Mathematics and Physics - GWNU, Gangneung, Korea
⁹⁶Chonnam National University, Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles, Kwangju, Korea
⁹⁷Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁸Korea University, Seoul, Korea
⁹⁹Kyung Hee University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰⁰Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰¹Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰²University of Seoul, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰³Yonsei University, Department of Physics, Seoul, Korea
¹⁰⁴Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
¹⁰⁵College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East (AUM), Dasman, Kuwait
¹⁰⁶Kuwait University - College of Science - Department of Physics, Safat, Kuwait
¹⁰⁷Riga Technical University, Riga, Latvia
¹⁰⁸University of Latvia (LU), Riga, Latvia
¹⁰⁹Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
¹¹⁰National Centre for Particle Physics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
¹¹¹Universidad de Sonora (UNISON), Hermosillo, Mexico
¹¹²Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City, Mexico
¹¹³Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City, Mexico
¹¹⁴Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
¹¹⁵University of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
¹¹⁶University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
¹¹⁷National Centre for Physics, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
¹¹⁸AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland
¹¹⁹National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk, Poland
¹²⁰Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
¹²¹Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
¹²²Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa, Portugal
¹²³Faculty of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹²⁴VINCA Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
¹²⁵Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
¹²⁶Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
¹²⁷Universidad de Oviedo, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias y Tecnologías Espaciales de Asturias (ICTEA), Oviedo, Spain
¹²⁸Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
¹²⁹University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
¹³⁰University of Ruhuna, Department of Physics, Matara, Sri Lanka
¹³¹CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland
¹³²PSI Center for Neutron and Muon Sciences, Villigen, Switzerland
¹³³ETH Zurich - Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics (IPA), Zurich, Switzerland
¹³⁴Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
¹³⁵National Central University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
¹³⁶National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei, Taiwan
¹³⁷High Energy Physics Research Unit, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
¹³⁸Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
¹³⁹Çukurova University, Physics Department, Science and Art Faculty, Adana, Turkey
¹⁴⁰Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
¹⁴¹Middle East Technical University, Physics Department, Ankara, Turkey
¹⁴²Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴³Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴⁴Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴⁵Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
¹⁴⁶Institute for Scintillation Materials of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹⁴⁷National Science Centre, Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkiv, Ukraine
¹⁴⁸University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
¹⁴⁹Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, United Kingdom
¹⁵⁰Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
¹⁵¹Brunel University, Uxbridge, United Kingdom
¹⁵²Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
¹⁵³Bethel University, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
¹⁵⁴Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
¹⁵⁵The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama, USA
¹⁵⁶Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁵⁷Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
¹⁵⁸University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA
¹⁵⁹University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
¹⁶⁰University of California, Riverside, Riverside, California, USA
¹⁶¹University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
¹⁶²University of California, Santa Barbara - Department of Physics, Santa Barbara, California, USA
¹⁶³California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
¹⁶⁴Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
¹⁶⁵University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
¹⁶⁶Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
¹⁶⁷Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
¹⁶⁸University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
¹⁶⁹Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
¹⁷⁰Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida, USA
¹⁷¹University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
¹⁷²The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
¹⁷³Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
¹⁷⁴The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
¹⁷⁵Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
¹⁷⁶University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
¹⁷⁷Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁷⁸University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
¹⁷⁹University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
¹⁸⁰State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
¹⁸¹Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
¹⁸²Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
¹⁸³University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
¹⁸⁴The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
¹⁸⁵Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
¹⁸⁶University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, USA
¹⁸⁷Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
¹⁸⁸Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, Indiana, USA
¹⁸⁹Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
¹⁹⁰University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA
¹⁹¹Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
¹⁹²University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁹³Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
¹⁹⁴Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas, USA
¹⁹⁵Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
¹⁹⁶University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
¹⁹⁷Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
¹⁹⁸University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
¹⁹⁹An institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN
²⁰⁰An institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN

^*Full author list given at the end of the Letter.
^aDeceased.
^bAlso at Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia.
^cAlso at TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
^dAlso at Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
^eAlso at FACAMP—Faculdades de Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
^fAlso at Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
^gAlso at Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
^hAlso at The University of the State of Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil.
ⁱAlso at University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
^jAlso at School of Physics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
^kAlso at Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China.
^lAlso at University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
^mAlso at The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
ⁿAlso at Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
^oAlso at Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University, Beijing, China.
^pAlso at Suez University, Suez, Egypt.
^qAlso at British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
^rAlso at Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
^sAlso at Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA.
^tAlso at Université de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France.
^uAlso at Another institute or international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^vAlso at University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
^wAlso at RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
^xAlso at Bergische University Wuppertal (BUW), Wuppertal, Germany.
^yAlso at Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany.
^zAlso at Forschungszentrum Jülich, Juelich, Germany.
^aaAlso at CERN, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Geneva, Switzerland.
^bbAlso at HUN-REN ATOMKI—Institute of Nuclear Research, Debrecen, Hungary.
^ccAlso at Universitatea Babes-Bolyai—Facultatea de Fizica, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
^ddAlso at MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
^eeAlso at HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest, Hungary.
^ffAlso at Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
^ggAlso at The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
^hhAlso at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India.
ⁱⁱAlso at University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India.
^jjAlso at Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, India.
^kkAlso at University of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan, India.
^llAlso at Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, India.
^mmAlso at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg, Germany.
ⁿⁿAlso at Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
^ooAlso at Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
^ppAlso at Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of Mazandaran, Behshahr, Iran.
^qqAlso at Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, ARAK, Iran.
^rrAlso at Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
^ssAlso at Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Bologna, Italy.
^ttAlso at Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e di Struttura Della Materia, Catania, Italy.
^uuAlso at Università degli Studi Guglielmo Marconi, Roma, Italy.
^vvAlso at Scuola Superiore Meridionale, Università di Napoli ’Federico II’, Napoli, Italy.
^wwAlso at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA.
^xxAlso at Lulea University of Technology, Lulea, Sweden.
^yyAlso at Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche—Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Perugia, Italy.
^zzAlso at UPES—University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.
^aaaAlso at Institut de Physique des 2 Infinis de Lyon (IP2I), Villeurbanne, France.
^bbbAlso at Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia.
^cccAlso at Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Sri Lanka, Nilaveli, Sri Lanka.
^dddAlso at Saegis Campus, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
^eeeAlso at National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
^fffAlso at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
^gggAlso at Universität Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
^hhhAlso at Stefan Meyer Institute for Subatomic Physics, Vienna, Austria.
ⁱⁱⁱAlso at Near East University, Research Center of Experimental Health Science, Mersin, Turkey.
^jjjAlso at Konya Technical University, Konya, Turkey.
^kkkAlso at Istanbul Topkapi University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^lllAlso at Izmir Bakircay University, Izmir, Turkey.
^mmmAlso at Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey.
ⁿⁿⁿAlso at Bozok Universitetesi Rektörlügü, Yozgat, Turkey.
^oooAlso at Istanbul Sabahattin Zaim University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^pppAlso at Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^qqqAlso at Milli Savunma University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^rrrAlso at Informatics and Information Security Research Center, Gebze/Kocaeli, Turkey.
^sssAlso at Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.
^tttAlso at Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^uuuAlso at Istanbul University—Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Engineering, Istanbul, Turkey.
^vvvAlso at Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.
^wwwAlso at School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
^xxxAlso at Monash University, Faculty of Science, Clayton, Australia.
^yyyAlso at Università di Torino, Torino, Italy.
^zzzAlso at Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University, Karaman, Turkey.
^aaaaAlso at California Lutheran University, Thousand Oaks, California, USA.
^bbbbAlso at California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
^ccccAlso at United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, Maryland, USA.
^ddddAlso at Bingol University, Bingol, Turkey.
^eeeeAlso at Georgian Technical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
^ffffAlso at Sinop University, Sinop, Turkey.
^ggggAlso at Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
^hhhhAlso at Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), Bucharest, Romania.
ⁱⁱⁱⁱAlso at Another institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN.
^jjjjAlso at Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar.
^kkkkAlso at Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan, Armenia.
^llllAlso at Imperial College, London, United Kingdom.

PDF

Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 082302 – Published 17 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/26wx-tg6f

Abstract

The long-range collective flow of particles produced in oxygen-oxygen ( $O + O$ ) and neon-neon ( $Ne + Ne$ ) collisions is measured with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC. The data samples were collected at a center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of 5.36 TeV, with integrated luminosities of $7 {nb}^{- 1}$ and $0.8 {nb}^{- 1}$ for $O + O$ and $Ne + Ne$ collisions, respectively. Two- and four-particle azimuthal correlations are measured over nearly five units of pseudorapidity. Significant elliptic ( $v_{2}$ ) and triangular ( $v_{3}$ ) flow harmonics are observed in both systems. The ratios of $v_{n}$ coefficients between $Ne + Ne$ and $O + O$ collisions suggest sensitivity to the intrinsic nuclear structure of the respective Ne and O ions. Hydrodynamic models with ab initio nuclear structure inputs qualitatively reproduce the collision-overlap dependence of both the $v_{n}$ values and the $Ne + Ne$ to $O + O$ ratios. These measurements provide new constraints when modeling the interplay of nuclear structure and collective dynamics in collisions of ${}^{16}O$ and ${}^{20}{Ne}$ ions, respectively.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

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CMS data availability statement, 10.7483/OPENDATA. CMS.1BNU.8V1W.

Phys. Rev. Lett. 137, 082302– Published 17 August, 2026

Vol. 137, Iss. 8 — 21 August 2026

Received 2 October 2025
Revised 17 April 2026
Accepted 15 May 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/26wx-tg6f

Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI. Open access publication funded by CERN.

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Observation of Long-Range Collective Flow in $O + O$ and $Ne + Ne$ Collisions and Implications for Nuclear Structure Studies

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Evidence of Nuclear Geometry-Driven Anisotropic Flow in $O + O$ and $Ne + Ne$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.36 TeV$

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Observation of Long-Range Collective Flow in O+O and Ne+Ne Collisions and Implications for Nuclear Structure Studies

Abstract

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

See Also

Evidence of Nuclear Geometry-Driven Anisotropic Flow in O+O and Ne+Ne Collisions at sNN=5.36 TeV

Article Text

References (99)

Observation of Long-Range Collective Flow in $O + O$ and $Ne + Ne$ Collisions and Implications for Nuclear Structure Studies

Evidence of Nuclear Geometry-Driven Anisotropic Flow in $O + O$ and $Ne + Ne$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 5.36 TeV$