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Influenza transmission in the guinea pig model is insensitive to the ventilation airflow speed: Evidence for the role of aerosolized fomites

Sima Asadi1,*, Nassima Gaaloul ben Hnia2, Ramya S. Barre2,†, Anthony S. Wexler3,4,5,6, William D. Ristenpart1,‡, and Nicole M. Bouvier2,7

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
  • 2Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA
  • 3Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
  • 4Air Quality Research Center, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
  • 5Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
  • 6Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, California 95616, USA
  • 7Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029, USA

  • *Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
  • †Present address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA.
  • ‡Corresponding author: wdristenpart@ucdavis.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 040502 – Published 20 April, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.8.040502

Abstract

Recent experimental work in a guinea pig model has established that influenza A virus is transmissible through the air via aerosolized fomites, which are microscopic dust and dander particulates contaminated with infectious virus [S. Asadi et al., Nat. Commun. 11, 4062 (2020)]. Here we report that influenza A transmits efficiently from intranasally inoculated animals to downwind susceptible animals over a wide range of ventilation airspeeds with no statistically significant change in transmission probability despite increasing the airspeed by a factor of ten. We demonstrate that this finding is inconsistent with a transmission mechanism predicated entirely on emission of virus-laden expiratory particles from the inoculated animal, since the resulting airborne viral concentrations should be greatly diluted at larger airspeeds. Instead, the results suggest that the overall rate of virus aerosolization increases with the ventilation airspeed, in accord with a transmission mechanism predicated on aerosolized fomites in which their generation rate is proportional to the airspeed.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 8, 040502– Published 20 April, 2023
  • Received 29 June 2021
  • Accepted 13 December 2022
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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