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Spontaneous polarization and locomotion of an active particle with surface-mobile enzymes

Marco De Corato*

Ignacio Pagonabarraga

Loai K. E. A. Abdelmohsen

Samuel Sánchez

Marino Arroyo†

  • Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain

  • Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, C. Martí Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; and CECAM, Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lasuanne (EPFL), Batochime, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology, P. O. Box 513, Eindhoven MB 5600, The Netherlands

  • Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010 Barcelona, Spain; and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, 518055 China

  • Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya–BarcelonaTech, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain and Centre Internacional de Mètodes Numèrics en Enginyeria (CIMNE), 08034 Barcelona, Spain

  • *mdecorato@ibecbarcelona.eu
  • †marino.arroyo@upc.edu
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 5, 122001(R) – Published 17 December, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.5.122001

Abstract

We examine a mechanism of locomotion of active particles whose surface is uniformly coated with mobile enzymes. The enzymes catalyze a reaction that drives phoretic flows but their homogeneous distribution forbids locomotion by symmetry. We find that the ability of the enzymes to migrate over the surface combined with self-phoresis can lead to a spontaneous symmetry-breaking instability whereby the homogeneous distribution of enzymes polarizes and the particle propels. The instability is driven by the advection of enzymes by the phoretic flows and occurs above a critical Péclet number. The transition to polarized motile states occurs via a supercritical or subcritical pitchfork bifurcations, the latter of which enables hysteresis and coexistence of uniform and polarized states.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 5, 122001(R)– Published 17 December, 2020
  • Received 31 August 2020
  • Accepted 20 November 2020
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