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Leaf oscillation and upward ejection of droplets in response to drop impact

Tristan Gilet*,†

Loïc Tadrist

  • Microfluidics Lab, Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium

  • *Contact author: tristan.gilet@uliege.be
  • †www.microfluidics.uliege.be
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Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 053601 – Published 2 May, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.053601

Abstract

Plant leaves vibrate in response to raindrop impacts. When the resulting inertial forces are sufficient, residual rainwater at the leaf surface may be dislodged and ejected in the form of droplets. These droplets participate to the transport of pathogenic spores, including in the upward direction. The present experimental work aims at exploring the limits of this mechanism, in the simpler case of a single drop impacting an initially dry artificial leaf. The transfer of momentum from the impacting drop to the leaf is rationalized. The conditions of droplet ejection are identified, and these droplets are shown to inherit from the velocity of the leaf. Finally, these results are extrapolated to estimate the frequency of upward transport events as a function of rainfall intensity for a distribution of raindrop sizes.

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Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 053601– Published 2 May, 2025
  • Received 25 December 2024
  • Accepted 18 March 2025
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