- Access by Xinjiang University
Liquid water transport model in hydrophilic granular media: Preliminary validation with drying rate of hierarchical granular material
Phys. Rev. Fluids 10, 034302 – Published 24 March, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevFluids.10.034302
Abstract
The drying rate profile of granular beds can be divided into the constant rate period (CRP), which is characterized by a nearly constant drying rate, and the falling rate period (FRP), in which the drying rate rapidly decays. In order to explain this behavior quantitatively, we proposed a simple one-dimensional power law model in which the product of the water permeability and the pressure gradient are assumed to be proportional to the cube of the saturation. To test this model, we measured the drying rates of glass beads and hierarchical granular materials produced by sintering and breaking glass beads. Our results and those of previous experiments showed consistency with the power law. The obtained proportional constant of the experimental power law also shows a rough agreement with that estimated from previous studies on water permeability and capillary pressure. Drying behavior in FRP also agrees with our model in some points. The remnant deviation of the model from experimental results may be attributed to the inhomogeneity of granular media, which was qualitatively verified.
Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)
Article Text
References (18)
- P. Palamba, M. L. Ramadhan, A. S. Pamitran, G. Prayogo, E. A. Kosasih, and Y. S. Nugroho, Drying kinetics of Indonesian Peat, Int. J. Technol. 9, 1006 (2018).
- J. Srikiatden and J. S. Roberts, Moisture loss kinetics of apple during convective hot air and isothermal drying, Int. J. Food Prop. 8, 493 (2005).
- J. S. Roberts and C. H. Tong, Drying kinetics of hygroscopic porous materials under isothermal conditions and the use of a first-order reaction kinetic model for predicting drying, Int. J. Food Prop. 6, 355 (2003).
- Z. Wang, B. Maillet, J. M. Pereira, and Y. Gan, Towards the end of drying of granular materials: Enhanced evaporation and drying-induced collapse, Water Resour. Res. 57, e2021WR030125 (2021).
- N. Shokri, P. Lehmann, and D. Or, Critical evaluation of enhancement factors for vapor transport through unsaturated porous media, Water Resour. Res. 45, 2009WR007769 (2009).
- N. Shokri, P. Lehmann, and D. Or, Evaporation from layered porous media, J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 115, 2009JB006743 (2010).
- N. Shokri and D. Or, What determines drying rates at the onset of diffusion controlled stage-2 evaporation from porous media? Water Resour. Res. 47, 2010WR010284 (2011).
- J. Thiery, S. Rodts, D. A. Weitz, and P. Coussot, Drying regimes in homogeneous porous media from macro- to nanoscale, Phys. Rev. Fluids 2, 074201 (2017).
- P. Virtanen, R. Gommers, T. E. Oliphant, M. Haberland, T. Reddy, D. Cournapeau, E. Burovski, P. Peterson, W. Weckesser, J. Bright, S. J. van der Walt, M. Brett, J. Wilson, K. J. Millman, N. Mayorov, A. R. J. Nelson, E. Jones, R. Kern, E. Larson, C. J. Carey et al., SciPy 1.0: Fundamental algorithms for scientific computing in python, Nat. Methods 17, 261 (2020).
- H. Yasuda, M. Katsura, and H. Katsuragi, Grain-size dependence of water retention in a model aggregated soil, Adv. Powder Technol. 34, 103896 (2023).
- F. Okubo and H. Katsuragi, Impact drag force exerted on a projectile penetrating into a hierarchical granular bed, Astron. Astrophys. 664, A147 (2022).
- H. Giesche, Mercury porosimetry: A general (practical) overview, Part. Part. Syst. Charact. 23, 9 (2006).
- B. Maillet, G. Dittrich, P. Huber, and P. Coussot, Diffusionlike drying of a nanoporous solid as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging, Phys. Rev. Appl. 18, 054027 (2022).
- T. Sweijen, H. Aslannejad, and S. M. Hassanizadeh, Capillary pressure–saturation relationships for porous granular materials: Pore morphology method vs pore unit assembly method, Adv. Water Resour. 107, 22 (2017).
- N. Nishiyama and T. Yokoyama, Water film thickness in unsaturated porous media: Effect of pore size, pore solution chemistry, and mineral type, Water Resour. Res. 57, e2020WR029257 (2021).
- K. A. Culligan, D. Wildenschild, B. S. Christensen, W. G. Gray, M. L. Rivers, and A. F. Tompson, Interfacial area measurements for unsaturated flow through a porous medium, Water Resour. Res. 40, 2004WR003278 (2004).
- M. Hilpert and C. T. Miller, Pore-morphology-based simulation of drainage in totally wetting porous media, Adv. Water Resour. 24, 243 (2001).
- G. C. Topp and E. E. Miller, Hysteretic moisture characteristics and hydraulic conductivities for glass-bead media, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 30, 156 (1966).
