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Finite-time dehydration as a chemical reaction and its effect on counterion selectivity

I. Rubinstein1, M. Z. Bazant2, N. A. Kononenko3, V. V. Nikonenko3, and B. Zaltzman4,*

  • *Contact author: boris@bgu.ac.il
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Phys. Rev. E 113, 045404 – Published 1 April, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/pvm2-bvmf

Abstract

This paper contends that counterion dehydration at the ion-exchange membrane/electrolyte solution interface is an instance of heterogeneous reaction whose kinetics is governed by a rate equation of the Butler-Volmer type. The finite rate of this reaction is hypothesized to constitute an important factor that affects counterion selectivity of the membrane. Simple theoretical examples show that this is what may lead to the relatively easier membrane transfer of the less mobile ions (e.g., Li+) compared to the more mobile ones (e.g., Na+).

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Phys. Rev. E 113, 045404– Published 1 April, 2026
  • Received 24 November 2025
  • Accepted 11 March 2026
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