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Magnetic compression and solid-liquid phase transition of current-carrying conductors measured by photon Doppler velocimetry

A. W. Klemmer1,*,†, S. E. Kreher2, T. M. Hutchinson3, E. P. Yu4, T. J. Awe4, C. L. Rousculp2, D. H. Dolan5, B. T. Hutsel4, K. C. Yates4 et al.

K. J. Swanson6, J. J. Iratcabal1, A. Dahal1, and B. S. Bauer1

  • *Contact author: aidanklemmer@outlook.com
  • †Present address: Pacific Fusion Corporation, Fremont, California 94538, USA.
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Phys. Rev. E 114, 025210 – Published 28 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/c1m7-qfbf

Abstract

Metal conductors pulsed with intense electrical current are of fundamental importance to physics and engineering, yet their motion, equation-of-state (EOS), and electrical conductivity during the solid-liquid phase transition are not fully understood. Photon Doppler velocimetry (PDV) measurements of electrically thick aluminum, copper, and nickel conductors pulsed by intense current reveal that the reflective surface undergoes distinct changes in acceleration throughout the current rise. Metal surfaces were measured with sufficient resolution to capture radial magnetic compression and changes in radial acceleration that, in a model-assisted framework, diagnose the duration of the solid-liquid phase transition. Parylene-N-coated copper and nickel loads exhibited different compression dynamics. These experimental measurements serve as a benchmark, guiding the selection of EOS and conductivity tables for improved modeling and simulation accuracy.

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Magnetic compression and a kinematic signature of surface melting in current-driven metal loads

A. W. Klemmer, S. E. Kreher, T. M. Hutchinson, E. P. Yu, T. J. Awe, C. L. Rousculp, D. H. Dolan, B. T. Hutsel, K. C. Yates, K. J. Swanson, J. J. Iratcabal, A. Dahal, and B. S. Bauer
Phys. Rev. E 114, L023202 (2026)

Article Text

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Phys. Rev. E 114, 025210– Published 28 August, 2026
  • Received 15 November 2025
  • Revised 22 March 2026
  • Accepted 8 July 2026
Article part of CHORUS
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