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Percolation of partially interdependent scale-free networks

Di Zhou1, Jianxi Gao1,2, H. Eugene Stanley1, and Shlomo Havlin3

  • 1Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
  • 2Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
  • 3Department of Physics, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 52900, Israel

Phys. Rev. E 87, 052812 – Published 29 May, 2013

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.87.052812

Abstract

We study the percolation behavior of two interdependent scale-free (SF) networks under random failure of 1-p fraction of nodes. Our results are based on numerical solutions of analytical expressions and simulations. We find that as the coupling strength between the two networks q reduces from 1 (fully coupled) to 0 (no coupling), there exist two critical coupling strengths q1 and q2, which separate three different regions with different behavior of the giant component as a function of p. (i) For qq1, an abrupt collapse transition occurs at p=pc. (ii) For q2<q<q1, the giant component has a hybrid transition combined of both, abrupt decrease at a certain p=pcjump followed by a smooth decrease to zero for p<pcjump as p decreases to zero. (iii) For qq2, the giant component has a continuous second-order transition (at p=pc). We find that (a) for λ3, q11; and for λ>3, q1 decreases with increasing λ. Here, λ is the scaling exponent of the degree distribution, P(k)kλ. (b) In the hybrid transition, at the q2<q<q1 region, the mutual giant component P jumps discontinuously at p=pcjump to a very small but nonzero value, and when reducing p, P continuously approaches to 0 at pc=0 for λ<3 and at pc>0 for λ>3. Thus, the known theoretical pc=0 for a single network with λ3 is expected to be valid also for strictly partial interdependent networks.

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