- Rapid Communication
- Access by Xinjiang University
Sphere impact and penetration into wet sand
Phys. Rev. E 86, 020301(R) – Published 7 August, 2012
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.86.020301
Abstract
We present experimental results for the penetration of a solid sphere when released onto wet sand. We show, by measuring the final penetration depth, that the cohesion induced by the water can result in either a deeper or shallower penetration for a given release height compared to dry granular material. Thus the presence of water can either lubricate or stiffen the granular material. By assuming the shear rate is proportional to the impact velocity and using the depth-averaged stopping force in calculating the shear stress, we derive effective viscosities for the wet granular materials.
Article Text
References (25)
- J. O. Marston, E. Q. Li, and S. T. Thoroddsen, J. Fluid Mech. 704, 5 (2012).
- S. T. Thoroddsen and A. Q. Shen, Phys. Fluids 13, 4 (2001).
- D. Lohse, R. Bergmann, R. Mikkelsen, C. Zeilstra et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 198003 (2004).
- J. R. Royer, E. I. Corwin, A. Flior, M.-L. Cordero, M. L. Rivers, P. J. Eng, and H. M. Jaeger, Nat. Phys. 1, 164 (2005).
- J. O. Marston, J. P. K. Seville, Y.-V. Cheun, A. Ingram, S. P. Decent, and M. J. H. Simmons, Phys. Fluids 20, 023301 (2008).
- D. Lohse, R. Rauhe, R. Bergmann, and D. van der Meer, Nature (London) 432, 689 (2004).
- F. Pacheco-Vazquez, G. A. Caballero-Robledo, J. M. Solano-Altamirano, E. Altshuler, A. J. Batista-Leyva, and J. C. Ruiz-Suarez, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 218001 (2011).
- J. S. Uehara, M. A. Ambroso, R. P. Ojha, and D. J. Durian, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 194301 (2003); 91, 149902(E) (2003).
- J. de Bruyn and A. M. Walsh, Can. J. Phys. 82, 439 (2004).
- M. P. Ciamarra, A. H. Lara, A. T. Lee, D. I. Goldman, I. Vishik, and H. L. Swinney, Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 194301 (2004).
- M. A. Ambroso, C. R. Santore, A. R. Abate, and D. J. Durian, Phys. Rev. E 71, 051305 (2005).
- M. A. Ambroso, R. D. Kamien, and D. J. Durian, Phys. Rev. E 72, 041305 (2005).
- H. Katsuragi and D. J. Durian, Nat. Phys. 3, 420 (2007).
- A. Seguin, Y. Bertho, and P. Gondret, Phys. Rev. E 78, 010301 (2008).
- D. I. Goldman and P. Umbahnhowar, Phys. Rev. E 77, 021308 (2008).
- S. von Kann, S. Joubaud, G. A. Caballero-Robledo, D. Lohse, and D. van der Meer, Phys. Rev. E 81, 041306 (2010).
- L. Kondic, X. Fang, W. Losert, C. S. O'Hern, and R. P. Behringer, Phys. Rev. E 85, 011305 (2012).
- J. R. Royer, E. I. Corwin, P. J. Eng, and H. M. Jaeger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 038003 (2007).
- N. Mitarai, and F. Nori, Adv. Phys. 55, 1 (2006).
- P. Pierrat, and H. S. Caram, Powder Technol. 91, 83 (1997).
- C. L. Flemmer, Powder Technol. 66, 191 (1991).
- P. B. Umbanhowar and D. I. Goldman, Phys. Rev. E 82, 010301R (2010).
- J. R. Royer, B. Conyers, E. I. Corwin, P. J. Eng, and H. M. Jaeger, Europhys. Lett. 93, 28008 (2011).
- B. M. Das, Advanced Soil Mechanics 3rd ed. (Taylor & Francis, New York, 2008).
- S. M. Iveson, J. D. Lister, K. P. Hapgood, and B. J. Ennis, Powder Technol. 117, 3 (2001).