High-resolution measurement, line identification, and spectral modeling of the <i>K</i>β spectrum of heliumlike <span class="aps-inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Ar</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mn>6</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>

P. Beiersdorfer; A. L. Osterheld; T. W. Phillips; M. Bitter; K. W. Hill; S. von Goeler

doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.52.1980

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High-resolution measurement, line identification, and spectral modeling of the Kβ spectrum of heliumlike ${Ar}^{16 +}$

P. Beiersdorfer, A. L. Osterheld, and T. W. Phillips

M. Bitter, K. W. Hill, and S. von Goeler

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551

Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543

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Phys. Rev. E 52, 1980 – Published 1 August, 1995

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.52.1980

Abstract

High-resolution crystal spectrometer measurements of the Kβ spectrum of heliumlike ${Ar}^{16 +}$ covering the wavelength region from 3.34 to 3.50 Å are presented and compared with detailed theoretical analyses. The measurements were made on the Princeton Large Torus tokamak and test the theoretical atomic data in the low-density limit at an electron density $n_{e}$ ≤2× $10^{13}$ ${cm}^{- 3}$ and temperature $T_{e}$ =2.3 keV. Satellite transitions of the type 1 $s^{2}$ 2l-1s2l3l’ and 1 $s^{2}$ 3l-1s3l3l’ from lithiumlike ${Ar}^{15 +}$ and 1 $s^{2}$ 2l2l’-1s2l2l’3l’’ from berylliumlike ${Ar}^{14 +}$ are identified that are produced by either dielectronic recombination or electron-impact excitation. Good overall agreement between the predicted and measured intensities of the strong dielectronic satellites is found. The agreement demonstrates the utility of Kβ spectra as a diagnostic of the electron temperature of low-density plasmas, such as those found in the Sun or magnetic fusion facilities. Poorer agreement is found for the weaker dielectronic satellite transitions, including the 1s3l3l’ satellites that play an important role in the analysis of high-density plasma produced in laser fusion. Their intensity is underestimated by the calculations by about 50%. Moreover, it is shown that direct electron-impact excitation rates underestimate the relative intensity of the 1 $s^{2}$ ${}^{1}$ $S_{0}$ –1s2p ${}^{3}$ $P_{1}$ transition in heliumlike ${Ar}^{16 +}$ by a factor of 2, indicating the need for including additional excitation processes and possible blends with high-lying dielectronic satellites of the type 1 $s^{2}$ nl’-1s3lnl’ with n≥4 in the theoretical models.

References (27)

K. W. Hill, P. Beiersdorfer, M. Bitter, E. Fredrickson, S. von Goeler, H. Hsuan, K. McGuire, N. R. Sauthoff, S. Sesnic, and J. E. Stevens, in Course and Workshop on Basic and Advanced Diagnostic Techniques for Fusion Plasmas, Varenna, Italy, 1986, edited by P. Stott et al. (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1987), Vol. I, p. 169; E. Källne, in Physics of Highly Ionized Atoms, NATO Advanced Study Institute, Series B: Physics, Vol. 201, edited by R. Marrus (Plenum, New York, 1989), p. 245.
E. Källne, J. Källne, J. Dubau, E. S. Marmar and J. E. Rice, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2245 (1984).
J. E. Rice, E. S. Marmar, E. Källne and J. Källne, Phys. Rev. A 35, 3033 (1987).
A. J. Smith, M. Bitter, H. Hsuan, K. W. Hill, S. von Goeler, J. Timberlake, P. Beiersdorfer and A. Osterheld, Phys. Rev. A 47, 3073 (1993).
V. A. Boiko, S. A. Pikuz, U. I. Safronova and A. Ya. Faenov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 185, 789 (1978); P. G. Burkhalter, J. Shiloh, A. Fisher and R. D. Cowan, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 4532 (1979).
A. Hauer, K. B. Mitchell, D. B. van Hulsteyn, T. H. Tan, E. J. Linnebur, M. Mueller, P. C. Kepple and H. R. Griem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1495 (1980); B. Yaakobi, S. Skupsky, R. L. McCrory, C. F. Hooper, H. Deckman, P. Bourke and J. M. Soures, ibid. 44, 1072 (1980); J. D. Kilkenny, Y. Lee, M. H. Key and L. G. Lunney, Phys. Rev. A 22, 2746 (1980).
B. A. Hammel, C. J. Keane, D. R. Kania, J. D. Kilkenny, R. W. Lee, R. Pasha, R. E. Turner and N. D. Delameter, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5017 (1992); B. A. Hammel, C. J. Keane, M. D. Cable, D. R. Kania, J. D. Kilkenny, R. W. Lee and R. Pasha, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1263 (1993); B. A. Hammel, C. J. Keane, T. R. Dittrich, D. R. Kanis, J. D. Kilkenny, R. W. Lee and W. K. Levedahl, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 51, 113 (1994).
C. J. Keane, B. A. Hammel, D. R. Kania, J. D. Kilkenny, R. W. Lee, A. L. Osterheld, L. J. Suter, R. C. Mancini, C. F. Hooper, Jr., and N. D. Delameter, Phys. Fluids B 5, 3328 (1993).
R. C. Mancini, C. F. Hooper, N. D. Delameter, A. Hauer, C. J. Keane, B. A. Hammel and J. K. Nash, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5119 (1992).
K. J. H. Phillips, F. P. Keenan, L. K. Harra, S. M. McCann, E. Rachlew-Källne, J. E. Rice and M. Wilson, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 79, 78 (1993).
F. Bely-Dubau, P. Faucher, L. Steenman-Clark, M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, K. W. Hill, C. Cmahy-Val and J. Dubau, Phys. Rev. A 26, 3459 (1982).
M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, K. W. Hill, R. Horton, D. Johnson, W. Roney, N. Sauthoff, E. Silver and W. Stodiek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 921 (1981).
F. Bombarda, R. Giannella, E. Källne, G. J. Tallents, F. Bely-Dubau, P. Faucher, M. Cornille, J. Dubau and A. H. Gabriel, Phys. Rev. A 37, 504 (1988).
F. Bely-Dubau, J. Dubau, P. Faucher and A. H. Gabriel, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 198, 239 (1982).
M. Klapisch, Comput. Phys. Commun. 2, 239 (1971); M. Klapisch, J. L. Schwob, B. S. Fraenkel and J. Oreg, Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 148 (1977).
A. Bar-Shalom, M. Klapisch and J. Oreg, Phys. Rev. A 38, 1773 (1988).
J. Oreg, A. Bar-Shalom, W. H. Goldstein and M. Klapisch, Phys. Rev. A 44, 1750 (1991).
A. H. Gabriel, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 160, 99 (1972).
C. P. Bhalla and T. W. Tunnell, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 32, 141 (1984).
L. A. Vainshtein and U. I. Safronova, Phys. Scr. 31, 519 (1985).
M. H. Chen, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 34, 301 (1986).
J. Nilsen, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 38, 339 (1988).
J. Hosea, R. Goldston and P. L. Colestock, Nucl. Fusion 25, 1155 (1985).
P. Beiersdorfer, M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, S. Cohen, K. W. Hill, J. Timberlake, R. S. Walling, M. H. Chen, P. L. Hagelstein and J. H. Scofield, Phys. Rev. A 34, 1297 (1986); P. Beiersdorfer, M. Bitter, S. von Goeler and K. W. Hill, ibid. 40, 150 (1989).
W. R. Johnson and G. Soff, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 33, 405 (1985).
M. Bitter, K. W. Hill, M. Zarnstorff, S. von Goeler, R. Hulse, L. C. Johnson, N. R. Sauthoff, S. Sesnic and K. M. Young, Phys. Rev. A 32, 3011 (1985); M. Bitter, H. Hsuan, V. Decaux, B. Grek, K. W. Hill, R. Hulse, L. A. Kruegel, D. Johnson, S. von Goeler and M. Zarnstorff, ibid. 44, 1796 (1991).
P. Beiersdorfer, M. B. Schneider, M. Bitter and S. von Goeler, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5029 (1992).

[c1] K. W. Hill, P. Beiersdorfer, M. Bitter, E. Fredrickson, S. von Goeler, H. Hsuan, K. McGuire, N. R. Sauthoff, S. Sesnic, and J. E. Stevens, in Course and Workshop on Basic and Advanced Diagnostic Techniques for Fusion Plasmas, Varenna, Italy, 1986, edited by P. Stott et al. (Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1987), Vol. I, p. 169; E. Källne, in Physics of Highly Ionized Atoms, NATO Advanced Study Institute, Series B: Physics, Vol. 201, edited by R. Marrus (Plenum, New York, 1989), p. 245.

[c2] E. Källne, J. Källne, J. Dubau, E. S. Marmar and J. E. Rice, Phys. Rev. Lett. 52, 2245 (1984).

[c3] J. E. Rice, E. S. Marmar, E. Källne and J. Källne, Phys. Rev. A 35, 3033 (1987).

[c4] A. J. Smith, M. Bitter, H. Hsuan, K. W. Hill, S. von Goeler, J. Timberlake, P. Beiersdorfer and A. Osterheld, Phys. Rev. A 47, 3073 (1993).

[c5] V. A. Boiko, S. A. Pikuz, U. I. Safronova and A. Ya. Faenov, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 185, 789 (1978); P. G. Burkhalter, J. Shiloh, A. Fisher and R. D. Cowan, J. Appl. Phys. 50, 4532 (1979).

[c6] A. Hauer, K. B. Mitchell, D. B. van Hulsteyn, T. H. Tan, E. J. Linnebur, M. Mueller, P. C. Kepple and H. R. Griem, Phys. Rev. Lett. 45, 1495 (1980); B. Yaakobi, S. Skupsky, R. L. McCrory, C. F. Hooper, H. Deckman, P. Bourke and J. M. Soures, ibid. 44, 1072 (1980); J. D. Kilkenny, Y. Lee, M. H. Key and L. G. Lunney, Phys. Rev. A 22, 2746 (1980).

[c7] B. A. Hammel, C. J. Keane, D. R. Kania, J. D. Kilkenny, R. W. Lee, R. Pasha, R. E. Turner and N. D. Delameter, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5017 (1992); B. A. Hammel, C. J. Keane, M. D. Cable, D. R. Kania, J. D. Kilkenny, R. W. Lee and R. Pasha, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1263 (1993); B. A. Hammel, C. J. Keane, T. R. Dittrich, D. R. Kanis, J. D. Kilkenny, R. W. Lee and W. K. Levedahl, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 51, 113 (1994).

[c8] C. J. Keane, B. A. Hammel, D. R. Kania, J. D. Kilkenny, R. W. Lee, A. L. Osterheld, L. J. Suter, R. C. Mancini, C. F. Hooper, Jr., and N. D. Delameter, Phys. Fluids B 5, 3328 (1993).

[c9] R. C. Mancini, C. F. Hooper, N. D. Delameter, A. Hauer, C. J. Keane, B. A. Hammel and J. K. Nash, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5119 (1992).

[c10] K. J. H. Phillips, F. P. Keenan, L. K. Harra, S. M. McCann, E. Rachlew-Källne, J. E. Rice and M. Wilson, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B 79, 78 (1993).

[c11] F. Bely-Dubau, P. Faucher, L. Steenman-Clark, M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, K. W. Hill, C. Cmahy-Val and J. Dubau, Phys. Rev. A 26, 3459 (1982).

[c12] M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, K. W. Hill, R. Horton, D. Johnson, W. Roney, N. Sauthoff, E. Silver and W. Stodiek, Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 921 (1981).

[c13] F. Bombarda, R. Giannella, E. Källne, G. J. Tallents, F. Bely-Dubau, P. Faucher, M. Cornille, J. Dubau and A. H. Gabriel, Phys. Rev. A 37, 504 (1988).

[c14] F. Bely-Dubau, J. Dubau, P. Faucher and A. H. Gabriel, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 198, 239 (1982).

[c15] M. Klapisch, Comput. Phys. Commun. 2, 239 (1971); M. Klapisch, J. L. Schwob, B. S. Fraenkel and J. Oreg, Opt. Soc. Am. 61, 148 (1977).

[c16] A. Bar-Shalom, M. Klapisch and J. Oreg, Phys. Rev. A 38, 1773 (1988).

[c17] J. Oreg, A. Bar-Shalom, W. H. Goldstein and M. Klapisch, Phys. Rev. A 44, 1750 (1991).

[c18] A. H. Gabriel, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 160, 99 (1972).

[c19] C. P. Bhalla and T. W. Tunnell, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 32, 141 (1984).

[c20] L. A. Vainshtein and U. I. Safronova, Phys. Scr. 31, 519 (1985).

[c21] M. H. Chen, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 34, 301 (1986).

[c22] J. Nilsen, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 38, 339 (1988).

[c23] J. Hosea, R. Goldston and P. L. Colestock, Nucl. Fusion 25, 1155 (1985).

[c24] P. Beiersdorfer, M. Bitter, S. von Goeler, S. Cohen, K. W. Hill, J. Timberlake, R. S. Walling, M. H. Chen, P. L. Hagelstein and J. H. Scofield, Phys. Rev. A 34, 1297 (1986); P. Beiersdorfer, M. Bitter, S. von Goeler and K. W. Hill, ibid. 40, 150 (1989).

[c25] W. R. Johnson and G. Soff, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 33, 405 (1985).

[c26] M. Bitter, K. W. Hill, M. Zarnstorff, S. von Goeler, R. Hulse, L. C. Johnson, N. R. Sauthoff, S. Sesnic and K. M. Young, Phys. Rev. A 32, 3011 (1985); M. Bitter, H. Hsuan, V. Decaux, B. Grek, K. W. Hill, R. Hulse, L. A. Kruegel, D. Johnson, S. von Goeler and M. Zarnstorff, ibid. 44, 1796 (1991).

[c27] P. Beiersdorfer, M. B. Schneider, M. Bitter and S. von Goeler, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5029 (1992).

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High-resolution measurement, line identification, and spectral modeling of the Kβ spectrum of heliumlike ${Ar}^{16 +}$

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References (27)

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High-resolution measurement, line identification, and spectral modeling of the Kβ spectrum of heliumlike Ar16+

Abstract

References (27)

High-resolution measurement, line identification, and spectral modeling of the Kβ spectrum of heliumlike ${Ar}^{16 +}$