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1/fα noise in spectral fluctuations of quantum nonchaotic billiards

T. Araújo Lima1,*, R. B. do Carmo2,†, K. Terto3,‡, and F. M. de Aguiar3,§

  • *Contact author: tiago.araujol@ufrpe.br
  • Contact author: ricardo.carmo@ifal.edu.br
  • Contact author: kaintp@gmail.com
  • §Contact author: flavio.aguiar@ufpe.br

Phys. Rev. E 114, 024212 – Published 14 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/9wpt-6gr3

Abstract

Let {εi}i=1 represent the set of unfolded energy eigenvalues of a quantized billiard system. Then, the set {δn=εn+1ε1n} may be considered as a finite time series of size M=nmn0, in which n plays the role of a discrete time and δn fluctuates around zero. These random fluctuations are known to exhibit the 1/fα noise characteristic, where α[1,2], the limit α=1(2) corresponding to a fully chaotic (regular) classical dynamics. Previously, the presence of 1/fα noise in the δn statistics has been demonstrated in a family of billiards for which the classical phase space is divided (Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser systems). Here, the δn statistics is further explored, so as to include two new features, namely, (i) nonchaotic full ergodicity and (ii) symmetry. Four billiard families, classified as type P and type S, are considered. The type-P families are comprised of polygonal billiards, which are never chaotic, but may exhibit a mixing classical dynamics characterized quantitatively through the position autocorrelation function decay exponent σ. A type-S billiard has a smooth boundary and, correspondingly, a divided phase space with normalized chaotic volume ρc. Possible correlations between the spectral noise parameter α and the classical quantities, σ for type-P and ρc for type-S domains, are numerically investigated. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients support that the quantum spectral exponent α scales with the classical quantities. In addition, one family in each class is C3 symmetric. In this case, singlets and doublets have different spectral statistics in the chaotic limit, namely, the singlet (doublet) subspectrum follows the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble (Gaussian unitary ensemble) of random matrices. Let α1(α2) be the noise exponent in a singlet (doublet) time series. Numerical calculations of Pearson's correlation coefficients show that α1 and α2 are compatible with each other for both type-S and type-P within symmetrical families in the regime 1<α<2.

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