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Boundary-mediated phases of self-propelled Kuramoto particles

Francesco Arceri1, Vittoria Sposini2, Enzo Orlandini1,2, and Fulvio Baldovin1,2

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Phys. Rev. E 114, 025421 – Published 25 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2l84-9hg3

Abstract

Active agents are likely to accumulate near confining obstacles due to collective motion. Here we investigate how the nature of the microscopic drive—self-propulsion or velocity alignment—selects distinct accumulation patterns, leading to either delocalized or compact clustered states. We first characterize the dynamical regimes emerging from the interplay of these two driving mechanisms under perfectly reflective or smooth boundary conditions. We then introduce boundary friction and observe a drastic change in the accumulation patterns, with dynamical phases that are absent in the previous case. By connecting emergent macroscopic structures to their underlying interactions, this work provides a practical route to infer the dominant microscopic mechanism ruling boundary-mediated collective behavior, with potential applications ranging from single-cell migration to bioinspired robotics.

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Outline

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Phys. Rev. E 114, 025421– Published 25 August, 2026
  • Received 20 April 2026
  • Accepted 11 August 2026
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Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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