Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Featured in Physics
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Supersonic and superluminal energy and speed of information via temporal interference in a dispersionless environment

John L. Spiesberger*

Eugene Terray

  • *Contact author: john.spiesberger@gmail.com
  • Contact author: eterray@whoi.edu

Phys. Rev. E 114, 025107 – Published 18 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1mth-rs2j

Abstract

Numerical implementation of a theory yields acoustic wave packets whose peak-to-peak speeds from source to receiver are supersonic in a dispersionless medium due to temporal interference between direct and boundary-reflected paths. The effect occurs when the source and receiver are near each other and at least one is within cδt̃/2 of the boundary, where c is the phase speed of propagation in the medium, and δt̃ is the smallest temporal separation between the paths at which interference first occurs. This direct+reflected path mechanism is distinct from mechanisms yielding superluminal speeds for electromagnetic waves (EM) including quantum tunneling and anomalous dispersion. For temporally interfering direct+reflected acoustic paths, simulations yield a speed of information less than c. The speed of information from the interfering paths can exceed the speed derived from propagation only along the direct path. We conjecture these results will also hold for EM waves. If so, we prove the speed of information is less than or equal to the speed of light in a vacuum, so the effect does not violate special relativity. These theoretical and simulation results, as well as their conjectured EM extension, should be readily accessible to experimental verification.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

synopsis

Whale Calls Reveal an Unexpected Wave Effect

Published 18 August, 2026

A theory inspired by whale tracking suggests that interference could make the peak of a light-wave packet appear to travel faster than light—without transmitting information superluminally.

See more in Physics

Article Text

References (19)

  1. J. L. Spiesberger, I. Djianto, J. Duong, J. Hwang, M. C. Nicolaides, L. Stoner-Eby, and C. Stuit, Slowing the speed of sound in a dispersionlesss environment and consequences regarding source location, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 158, 2551 (2025).
  2. W. M. Robertson, J. Pappafotis, P. Flannigan, and C. Klaus, Sound beyond the speed of light: Measurement of negative group velocity in an acoustic loop filter, Appl. Phys. Lett. 90, 014102 (2007).
  3. T. D. Rossing, F. R. Moore, and P. A. Wheeler, The Science of Sound, 3rd ed. (Addison-Wesley, San Francisco, 2005).
  4. A. Enders and G. Nimitz, On superluminal barrier traversal, J. Phys. I France 2, 1693 (1992).
  5. M. Mojahedi, E. Schamiloglu, F. Hegeler, and K. J. Malloy, Time-domain detection of superluminal group velocity for single microwave pulses, Phys. Rev. E 62, 5758 (2000).
  6. R. Y. Chiao and A. M. Steinberg, Progress in Optics (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1997), Vol. 37.
  7. A. M. Steinberg, P. G. Kwiat, and R. Y. Chiao, Measurement of the single-photon tunneling time, Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 708 (1993).
  8. F. P. Leroux, Dispersion anormale de l'iode, Bibliothèque Universelle, Revue Suisse et Étrangère, Vol. 15, p. 62, 1862.
  9. G. Diener, Superluminal group velocities and information transfer, Phys. Lett. A 223, 327 (1996).
  10. L. J. Wang, A. Kuzmich, and A. Dogariu, Gain-assisted superluminal light propagation, Nature (London) 406, 277 (2000).
  11. M. D. Stenner, D. J. Gauthier, and M. A. Neifeld, The speed of information in a ‘fast-light’ optical medium, Nature (London) 425, 695 (2003).
  12. M. J. Lighthill, Waves in Flluids (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 1978).
  13. K. Scharnhorst, On propagation of light in the vacuum between plates, Phys. Lett. B 236, 354, (1990).
  14. A. Sommerfeld, Über die fortpflanzung des lichtes in dispergierenden medien, Ann. Phys. 349, 177, (1914).
  15. L. Brillouin, Über die fortpflanzung des lichtes in dispergierenden medien, Ann. Phys. (Leipzig) 44 (1914).
  16. L. Brillouin, Wave Propagation and Group Velocity (Academic, New York, 1960).
  17. G. Nimtz, Superluminal speed of information? Nature (London) 429, 40 (2004).
  18. J. Spiesberger, Speed of information for direct+reflected path effect [Computer software], Zenodo, 2026, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21117136.
  19. U. Madhow, Fundamentals of Digital Communication (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England, 2008).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation