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Non-Schwarzschild black holes sourced by scalar-vector fields

Manuel Gonzalez-Espinoza1,*, Y. Gómez-Leyton2,†, Z. Stuchlik3,‡, and Francisco Tello-Ortiz4,§

  • *Contact author: manuel.gonzalez@pucv.cl
  • †Contact author: ygomez@ucn.cl
  • ‡Contact author: zdenek.stuchlik@fpf.slu.cz
  • §Contact author: francisco.tello@ufrontera.cl
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 044021 – Published 7 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/p1b9-5hyk

Abstract

In this work, we construct a static and spherically symmetric black hole solution sourced by a nonlinear scalar-vector sector within the framework of the minimal geometric deformation (MGD) approach. Starting from a scalar-vector gravity theory in which the vector field is described by nonlinear electrodynamics, the gravitational field equations are integrated to obtain a non-Schwarzschild geometry. We show that the resulting family of solutions naturally splits into two black hole branches with distinct physical properties. While one branch satisfies the odd- and even-parity stability criteria, it violates the weak energy condition outside the event horizon. Conversely, the complementary branch exhibits a more satisfactory effective matter sector, admitting a real scalar-field reconstruction and a regular nonlinear electromagnetic coupling, although it does not satisfy the odd-parity stability criterion. The causal structure and stability properties of both black hole branches are analyzed and compared, whereas the matter reconstruction, geodesic motion and thermodynamic properties are investigated for the branch exhibiting the most satisfactory effective matter sector. These results reveal the rich structure of the MGD solution space and illustrate the interplay between dynamical stability, energy conditions and causal structure.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 044021– Published 7 August, 2026
  • Received 18 March 2026
  • Accepted 16 July 2026
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