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Shock-induced chiral magnetic effect

Steven P. Harris1,2,* and Srimoyee Sen1,†

  • 1Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
  • 2Center for the Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA

  • *Contact author: stharr@iu.edu
  • †Contact author: srimoyee08@gmail.com
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Phys. Rev. D 114, 043042 – Published 17 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/cj3y-dr7x

Abstract

Weak-interaction-mediated chiral imbalance generation in idealized massless electrons during core-collapse supernovae was once proposed to be the source of strong magnetic fields found in neutron stars. The effect goes by the name of chiral plasma instability. However, it was found that a finite electron mass damps out this process, inactivating the instability and preventing magnetic field growth. In this work, we show that the instability can survive in the presence of abrupt density and temperature perturbation that drives the system sufficiently far out of weak equilibrium. As an example, we work with such perturbations generated by shock waves which are common during both core collapse as well as neutron star mergers. We find that the chiral imbalance resulting from shock waves, under the right conditions of density and temperature, can sustain the chiral plasma instability despite the damping from the electron mass. Additionally, in an already magnetized medium, the chiral magnetic effect resulting from shock-wave density and temperature perturbation can generate substantial Ohmic heating. Our results imply that shock waves generated in core-collapse supernovae and merging neutron stars can act as a source of strong heating in a magnetized medium as well as chiral plasma instability.

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Phys. Rev. D 114, 043042– Published 17 August, 2026
  • Received 9 March 2026
  • Accepted 28 July 2026
Article part of CHORUS
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