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Ultrahigh-energy neutrino follow-up of gravitational wave events GW150914 and GW151226 with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A. Aab1, P. Abreu2, M. Aglietta3,4, I. Al Samarai5, I. F. M. Albuquerque6, I. Allekotte7, A. Almela8,9, J. Alvarez Castillo10, J. Alvarez-Muñiz11 et al. (Pierre Auger Collaboration)

J. Alvarez-Muñiz11, M. Ambrosio12, G. A. Anastasi13, L. Anchordoqui14, B. Andrada8, S. Andringa2, C. Aramo12, F. Arqueros15, N. Arsene16, H. Asorey7,17, P. Assis2, J. Aublin5, G. Avila18,19, A. M. Badescu20, A. Balaceanu21, R. J. Barreira Luz2, C. Baus22, J. J. Beatty23, K. H. Becker24, J. A. Bellido25, C. Berat26, M. E. Bertaina27,4, X. Bertou7, P. L. Biermann28, P. Billoir5, J. Biteau29, S. G. Blaess25, A. Blanco2, J. Blazek30, C. Bleve31,32, M. Boháčová30, D. Boncioli33,†, C. Bonifazi34, N. Borodai35, A. M. Botti8,36, J. Brack37, I. Brancus21, T. Bretz38, A. Bridgeman36, F. L. Briechle38, P. Buchholz1, A. Bueno39, S. Buitink40, M. Buscemi41,42, K. S. Caballero-Mora43, L. Caccianiga5, A. Cancio9,8, F. Canfora40, L. Caramete44, R. Caruso41,42, A. Castellina3,4, G. Cataldi32, L. Cazon2, R. Cester27,4, A. G. Chavez45, J. A. Chinellato46, J. Chudoba30, R. W. Clay25, R. Colalillo47,12, A. Coleman48, L. Collica4, M. R. Coluccia31,32, R. Conceição2, F. Contreras18,19, M. J. Cooper25, S. Coutu48, C. E. Covault49, J. Cronin50, S. D’Amico51,32, B. Daniel46, S. Dasso52,53, K. Daumiller36, B. R. Dawson25, R. M. de Almeida54, S. J. de Jong40,55, G. De Mauro40, J. R. T. de Mello Neto34, I. De Mitri31,32, J. de Oliveira54, V. de Souza56, J. Debatin36, O. Deligny29, C. Di Giulio57,58, A. Di Matteo59,60, M. L. Díaz Castro46, F. Diogo2, C. Dobrigkeit46, J. C. D’Olivo10, A. Dorofeev37, R. C. dos Anjos61, M. T. Dova62, A. Dundovic63, J. Ebr30, R. Engel36, M. Erdmann38, M. Erfani1, C. O. Escobar64,46, J. Espadanal2, A. Etchegoyen8,9, H. Falcke40,65,55, K. Fang50, G. Farrar66, A. C. Fauth46, N. Fazzini64, B. Fick67, J. M. Figueira8, A. Filipčič68,69, O. Fratu20, M. M. Freire70, T. Fujii50, A. Fuster8,9, R. Gaior5, B. García71, D. Garcia-Pinto15, F. Gaté72, H. Gemmeke72, A. Gherghel-Lascu21, P. L. Ghia5, U. Giaccari34, M. Giammarchi73, M. Giller74, D. Głas74, C. Glaser38, H. Glass64, G. Golup7, M. Gómez Berisso7, P. F. Gómez Vitale18,19, N. González8,36, B. Gookin37, A. Gorgi3,4, P. Gorham75, P. Gouffon6, A. F. Grillo33, T. D. Grubb25, F. Guarino47,12, G. P. Guedes76, M. R. Hampel8, P. Hansen62, D. Harari7, T. A. Harrison25, J. L. Harton37, Q. Hasankiadeh77, A. Haungs36, T. Hebbeker38, D. Heck36, P. Heimann1, A. E. Herve22, G. C. Hill25, C. Hojvat64, E. Holt36,8, P. Homola35, J. R. Hörandel40,55, P. Horvath78, M. Hrabovský78, T. Huege36, J. Hulsman8,36, A. Insolia41,42, P. G. Isar44, I. Jandt24, S. Jansen40,55, J. A. Johnsen79, M. Josebachuili8, A. Kääpä24, O. Kambeitz22, K. H. Kampert24, P. Kasper64, I. Katkov22, B. Keilhauer36, E. Kemp46, J. Kemp38, R. M. Kieckhafer67, H. O. Klages36, M. Kleifges72, J. Kleinfeller18, R. Krause38, N. Krohm24, D. Kuempel38, G. Kukec Mezek69, N. Kunka72, A. Kuotb Awad36, D. LaHurd49, M. Lauscher38, P. Lebrun64, R. Legumina74, M. A. Leigui de Oliveira80, A. Letessier-Selvon5, I. Lhenry-Yvon29, K. Link22, L. Lopes2, R. López81, A. López Casado11, Q. Luce29, A. Lucero8,9, M. Malacari50, M. Mallamaci82,73, D. Mandat30, P. Mantsch64, A. G. Mariazzi62, I. C. Mariş39, G. Marsella31,32, D. Martello31,32, H. Martinez83, O. Martínez Bravo81, J. J. Masías Meza53, H. J. Mathes36, S. Mathys24, J. Matthews84, J. A. J. Matthews85, G. Matthiae57,58, E. Mayotte24, P. O. Mazur64, C. Medina79, G. Medina-Tanco10, D. Melo8, A. Menshikov72, S. Messina77, M. I. Micheletti70, L. Middendorf38, I. A. Minaya15, L. Miramonti82,73, B. Mitrica21, D. Mockler22, L. Molina-Bueno39, S. Mollerach7, F. Montanet26, C. Morello3,4, M. Mostafá48, G. Müller38, M. A. Muller46,86, S. Müller36,8, I. Naranjo7, L. Nellen10, J. Neuser24, P. H. Nguyen25, M. Niculescu-Oglinzanu21, M. Niechciol1, L. Niemietz24, T. Niggemann38, D. Nitz67, D. Nosek87, V. Novotny87, H. Nožka78, L. A. Núñez17, L. Ochilo1, F. Oikonomou48, A. Olinto50, D. Pakk Selmi-Dei46, M. Palatka30, J. Pallotta88, P. Papenbreer24, G. Parente11, A. Parra81, T. Paul89,14, M. Pech30, F. Pedreira11, J. Pękala35, R. Pelayo90, J. Peña-Rodriguez17, L. A. S. Pereira46, L. Perrone31,32, C. Peters38, S. Petrera59,13,60, J. Phuntsok48, R. Piegaia53, T. Pierog36, P. Pieroni53, M. Pimenta2, V. Pirronello41,42, M. Platino8, M. Plum38, C. Porowski35, R. R. Prado56, P. Privitera50, M. Prouza30, E. J. Quel88, S. Querchfeld24, S. Quinn49, R. Ramos-Pollan17, J. Rautenberg24, D. Ravignani8, D. Reinert38, B. Revenu91, J. Ridky30, M. Risse1, P. Ristori88, V. Rizi59,60, W. Rodrigues de Carvalho6, G. Rodriguez Fernandez57,58, J. Rodriguez Rojo18, D. Rogozin36, M. Roth36, E. Roulet7, A. C. Rovero52, S. J. Saffi25, A. Saftoiu21, H. Salazar81, A. Saleh69, F. Salesa Greus48, G. Salina58, J. D. Sanabria Gomez17, F. Sánchez8, P. Sanchez-Lucas39, E. M. Santos6, E. Santos8, F. Sarazin79, B. Sarkar24, R. Sarmento2, C. A. Sarmiento8, R. Sato18, M. Schauer24, V. Scherini31,32, H. Schieler36, M. Schimp24, D. Schmidt36,8, O. Scholten77,‡, P. Schovánek30, F. G. Schröder36, A. Schulz36, J. Schulz40, J. Schumacher38, S. J. Sciutto62, A. Segreto92,42, M. Settimo5, A. Shadkam84, R. C. Shellard93, G. Sigl63, G. Silli8,36, O. Sima16, A. Śmiałkowski74, R. Šmída36, G. R. Snow94, P. Sommers48, S. Sonntag1, J. Sorokin25, R. Squartini18, D. Stanca21, S. Stanič69, J. Stasielak35, P. Stassi26, F. Strafella31,32, F. Suarez8,9, M. Suarez Durán17, T. Sudholz25, T. Suomijärvi29, A. D. Supanitsky52, J. Swain89, Z. Szadkowski74, A. Taboada22, O. A. Taborda7, A. Tapia8, V. M. Theodoro46, C. Timmermans55,40, C. J. Todero Peixoto95, L. Tomankova36, B. Tomé2, G. Torralba Elipe11, D. Torres Machado96, M. Torri82, P. Travnicek30, M. Trini69, R. Ulrich36, M. Unger66,36, M. Urban38, J. F. Valdés Galicia10, I. Valiño11, L. Valore47,12, G. van Aar40, P. van Bodegom25, A. M. van den Berg77, A. van Vliet40, E. Varela81, B. Vargas Cárdenas10, G. Varner75, J. R. Vázquez15, R. A. Vázquez11, D. Veberič36, I. D. Vergara Quispe62, V. Verzi58, J. Vicha30, L. Villaseñor45, S. Vorobiov69, H. Wahlberg62, O. Wainberg8,9, D. Walz38, A. A. Watson97, M. Weber72, A. Weindl36, L. Wiencke79, H. Wilczyński35, T. Winchen24, D. Wittkowski24, B. Wundheiler8, S. Wykes40, L. Yang69, D. Yelos9,8, A. Yushkov8, E. Zas11, D. Zavrtanik69,68, M. Zavrtanik68,69, A. Zepeda83, B. Zimmermann72, M. Ziolkowski1, Z. Zong29, and F. Zuccarello41,42 (Pierre Auger Collaboration)

  • 1Universität Siegen, Fachbereich 7 Physik—Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany
  • 2Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas (LIP) and Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa (UL), Lisboa, Portugal
  • 3Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy
  • 4INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
  • 5Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Universités Paris 6 et Paris 7, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France
  • 6Inst. de Física, São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 7Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
  • 8Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Centro Atómico Constituyentes, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 9Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 10Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
  • 11Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
  • 12INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
  • 13Gran Sasso Science Institute (INFN), L’Aquila, Italy
  • 14Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA
  • 15Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
  • 16Physics Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  • 17Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
  • 18Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina
  • 19Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Mendoza, Argentina
  • 20University Politehnica of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  • 21“Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
  • 22Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik (IEKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 23Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
  • 24Department of Physics, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
  • 25University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
  • 26Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
  • 27Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy
  • 28Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie, Bonn, Germany
  • 29Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay (IPNO), Université Paris 11, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay, France
  • 30Institute of Physics (FZU) of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 31Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica “E. De Giorgi,” Lecce, Italy
  • 32INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy
  • 33INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi, Italy
  • 34Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 35Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland
  • 36Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Kernphysik (IKP), Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 37Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
  • 38RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany
  • 39Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain
  • 40Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics (IMAPP), Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Netherlands
  • 41Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Catania, Italy
  • 42INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy
  • 43Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, Mexico
  • 44Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
  • 45Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico
  • 46Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
  • 47Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini,” Università di Napoli “Federico II,” Napoli, Italy
  • 48Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
  • 49Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
  • 50University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
  • 51Dipartimento di Ingegneria, Università del Salento, Lecce, Italy
  • 52Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 53Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 54Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, Brazil
  • 55Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, Netherlands
  • 56Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
  • 57Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma “Tor Vergata,” Roma, Italy
  • 58INFN, Sezione di Roma “Tor Vergata,” Roma, Italy
  • 59Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, Università dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
  • 60INFN, Gruppo Collegato dell’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
  • 61Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Brazil
  • 62IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
  • 63Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany
  • 64Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
  • 65Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, Netherlands
  • 66New York University, New York, New York, USA
  • 67Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
  • 68Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • 69Laboratory for Astroparticle Physics, University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia
  • 70Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)—CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina
  • 71Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM) and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Mendoza, Argentina
  • 72Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik (IPE), Karlsruhe, Germany
  • 73INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy
  • 74Faculty of Astrophysics, University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
  • 75University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
  • 76Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Feira de Santana, Brazil
  • 77KVI—Center for Advanced Radiation Technology, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  • 78Palacky University, RCPTM, Olomouc, Czech Republic
  • 79Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA
  • 80Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), Santo André, Brazil
  • 81Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla (BUAP), Puebla, Mexico
  • 82Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano, Italy
  • 83Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
  • 84Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
  • 85University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
  • 86Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
  • 87Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, University Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
  • 88Centro de Investigaciones en Láseres y Aplicaciones, CITEDEF and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  • 89Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
  • 90Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, Distrito Federal, Mexico
  • 91SUBATECH, École des Mines de Nantes, CNRS-IN2P3, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
  • 92INAF—Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
  • 93Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas (CBPF), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 94University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
  • 95Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, Lorena, Brazil
  • 96Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  • 97School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom

  • *auger_spokespersons@fnal.gov; http://www.auger.org
  • †Present address: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Zeuthen, Germany.
  • ‡Also at Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
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Phys. Rev. D 94, 122007 – Published 30 December, 2016

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.94.122007

Abstract

On September 14, 2015 the Advanced LIGO detectors observed their first gravitational wave (GW) transient GW150914. This was followed by a second GW event observed on December 26, 2015. Both events were inferred to have arisen from the merger of black holes in binary systems. Such a system may emit neutrinos if there are magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the formation of the two black holes. With the surface detector array of the Pierre Auger Observatory we can search for neutrinos with energy Eν above 100 PeV from pointlike sources across the sky with equatorial declination from about −65° to +60°, and, in particular, from a fraction of the 90% confidence-level inferred positions in the sky of GW150914 and GW151226. A targeted search for highly inclined extensive air showers, produced either by interactions of downward-going neutrinos of all flavors in the atmosphere or by the decays of tau leptons originating from tau-neutrino interactions in the Earth’s crust (Earth-skimming neutrinos), yielded no candidates in the Auger data collected within ±500  s around or 1 day after the coordinated universal time (UTC) of GW150914 and GW151226, as well as in the same search periods relative to the UTC time of the GW candidate event LVT151012. From the nonobservation we constrain the amount of energy radiated in ultrahigh-energy neutrinos from such remarkable events.

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Phys. Rev. D 94, 122007– Published 30 December, 2016
  • Received 26 August 2016
Article part of CHORUS

© 2016 American Physical Society

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