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Axion dark matter search using arm cavity transmitted beams of gravitational wave detectors

Koji Nagano1, Hiromasa Nakatsuka2, Soichiro Morisaki3, Tomohiro Fujita4,5, Yuta Michimura6,7, and Ippei Obata8

  • 1Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Sagamihara City 252-5210, Japan
  • 2Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8582, Japan
  • 3Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
  • 4Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8050, Japan
  • 5Research Center for the Early Universe, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • 6Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
  • 7PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
  • 8Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Straße 1, 85741 Garching, Germany

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Phys. Rev. D 104, 062008 – Published 16 September, 2021

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.062008

Abstract

Axion is a promising candidate for ultralight dark matter which may cause a polarization rotation of laser light. Recently, a new idea of probing the axion dark matter by optical linear cavities used in the arms of gravitational wave detectors has been proposed [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 111301 (2019). In this article, a realistic scheme of the axion dark matter search with the arm cavity transmission ports is revisited. Since photons detected by the transmission ports travel in the cavity for odd-number of times, the effect of axion dark matter on their phases is not canceled out and the sensitivity at low-mass range is significantly improved compared to the search using reflection ports. We also take into account the stochastic nature of the axion field and the availability of the two detection ports in the gravitational wave detectors. The sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling, gaγ, of the ground-based gravitational wave detector, such as Advanced LIGO, with 1-year observation is estimated to be gaγ∼3×10−12  GeV−1 below the axion mass of 10−15  eV, which improves upon the limit achieved by the CERN Axion Solar Telescope.

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Phys. Rev. D 104, 062008– Published 16 September, 2021
  • Received 4 July 2021
  • Accepted 12 August 2021
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