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Gravitational waveforms and radiation powers of the triple system PSR J0337+1715 in modified theories of gravity

Xiang Zhao1,2, Chao Zhang1,2, Kai Lin3,4, Tan Liu5,6, Rui Niu5,6, Bin Wang7,8, Shaojun Zhang2, Xing Zhang5,6, Wen Zhao5,6 et al.

Tao Zhu2 and Anzhong Wang1,2,*

  • 1GCAP-CASPER, Physics Department, Baylor University, Waco, Texas 76798-7316, USA
  • 2Institute for Theoretical Physics & Cosmology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310032, China
  • 3Hubei Subsurface Multi-scale Imaging Key Laboratory, Institute of Geophysics and Geomatics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
  • 4Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Universidade de São Paulo, 12602-810, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil
  • 5CAS Key Laboratory for Researches in Galaxies and Cosmology, Department of Astronomy, University of Science and Technology of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
  • 6School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
  • 7Center for Gravitation and Cosmology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
  • 8School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

  • *Corresponding author. Anzhong_Wang@baylor.edu.
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Phys. Rev. D 100, 083012 – Published 17 October, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.100.083012

Abstract

In this paper, we study the gravitational waveforms, polarizations and radiation powers of the first relativistic triple systems PSR J0337+1715, observed in 2014, by using the post-Newtonian approximations to their lowest order. Although they cannot be observed either by the current or the next generation of the detectors, they do provide useful information to test different theories of gravity. In particular, we carry out the studies in three different theories, General Relativity (GR), Einstein-æther theory (æ-theory), and Brans-Dicke (BD) gravity. The tensor modes h+ and h× exist in all three theories and have almost equal amplitudes. Their frequencies are all peaked at two locations, f1+,×=0.068658  μHz and f2+,×=14.212  μHz, which are about twice the outer and inner orbital frequencies of the triple system, as predicted in GR. In æ-theory, all of the six polarization modes are different from zero, but the breathing (hb) and longitudinal (hL) modes are not independent and also peaked at two frequencies. A somehow surprising result is that, for hb and hL, the peaked frequencies are not twice the outer and inner orbital frequencies, as for the h+ and h× modes, but, instead, they are almost equal to them, f1b,L=0.045772  μHz and f2b,L=7.0947  μHz. A similar phenomenon is also observed in BD gravity, in which only the three modes h+,h×, and hb exist, where f1b and f2b are almost equal to outer and inner orbital frequencies. We also study the radiation powers, and find that the quadrupole emission in each of the three theories has almost the same amplitude, but the dipole emission can be as big as the quadrupole emission in æ-theory. This provides a very promising window to obtain severe constraints on æ-theory by the multiband gravitational wave astronomy.

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Phys. Rev. D 100, 083012– Published 17 October, 2019
  • Received 1 April 2019
  • Revised 7 August 2019
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