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Pentaquarks on the light front and their mixing to baryons

Nicholas Miesch*, Edward Shuryak†, and Ismail Zahed‡

  • Center for Nuclear Theory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794–3800, USA

  • *Contact author: nicholas.miesch@stonybrook.edu
  • †Contact author: edward.shuryak@stonybrook.edu
  • ‡Contact author: ismail.zahed@stonybrook.edu
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Phys. Rev. D 113, 094011 – Published 7 May, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3crd-ldcv

Abstract

In previous papers we developed the light front formulation for Hamiltonians and wave functions (WFs) for mesons and baryons, with both confinement and chiral symmetry breaking. For baryons limited to the lowest Fock component with three quarks, the longitudinal WF is valued in an equilateral triangle with momentum fractions xi,i=1, 2, 3. In this paper we extend this analysis to light quark pentaquarks (n=5) at angular momenta L=0 and L=1, in which case the longitudinal WF is defined on 4d simplex A4 with 5 corners. The WF was developed both numerically and using a basis function that diagonalizes the Laplacian with Dirichlet boundary conditions. From the WF follows many predictions, we discuss PDFs of antiquarks specifically. We then focus on mixing between baryons with 27 L=1 pentaquark states, via two operators related to adding pionlike and sigmalike q¯q pairs. While similar mechanisms of introduction of nonzero angular momentum and flavor asymmetry of the antiquark sea was discussed before, our pentaquark-based approach is unique in providing WFs with full Fermi statistics of 4 quarks.

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Phys. Rev. D 113, 094011– Published 7 May, 2026
  • Received 8 December 2025
  • Accepted 22 January 2026
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