Within the framework of Lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics (LQMD) transport model, we investigate the influence of the neutron-skin thickness of neutron-rich nuclei on the pion emission in double-charge exchange reactions near the $\mathrm{\Delta }$-resonance energy. In particular, we study rapidity spectra, transverse momentum spectra, and charged pion ratios. The reactions induced by pions are associated with multiple processes of pions, nucleons, and $\mathrm{\Delta }$ resonances, correlated with the neutron-skin thickness. It is found that the kinetic energy spectra of the ${\pi }^{-}/{\pi }^{+}$ ratio are sensitive to the neutron-skin thickness of neutron-rich nuclei, used for extracting the subsaturation-density symmetry energy. The double-charge exchange reactions are influenced by the neutron-skin thickness, in-medium properties of resonances, pion-nucleon potential, and pion-nucleon scattering. Possible measurements are proposed for future experiments at the High-Intensity Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility (HIAF) in Huizhou.

Photon-induced fission product yield (FPY) measurements were conducted on the isotope ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$. Fission was induced using $E_{\gamma }=13.0$ MeV monoenergetic photons produced by the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory's High Intensity $\gamma \text{−}\mathrm{ray}$ Source facility. Short-lived FPYs were measured by performing cyclic activation of the sample using a rapid target transfer system. Following activation, the ${}^{238}\mathrm{U}$ target was rapidly (0.4 s) transferred to a counting station consisting of two well-shielded high-purity germanium detectors. The irradiation-counting cycle was repeated until the summed data had sufficient statistical accuracy. Twenty-eight unique fission products with half-lives ranging from 1 to 450 s were identified, and their cumulative FPYs were determined. The results are compared with previous independent FPY measurements using inverse kinematics. Good agreement between the datasets is found despite the different excitation energy distributions of the fissioning nucleus in the experiments.

Based on the dinuclear system model, this work systematically investigates the quasifission process across different entrance channels and excitation energies. The calculated mass yield and average total kinetic energy distributions show good agreement with experimental data, confirming the model's validity in describing key observables of quasifission. It is revealed that excitation energy, entrance channel mass asymmetry, and Coulomb factor are critical factors governing the quasifission process. The mass asymmetry of the entrance channel plays a decisive role in selecting the reaction path: a lower mass asymmetry leads to a higher relative yield of asymmetric quasifission products. In contrast, Coulomb repulsion significantly shortens the interaction time, thereby suppressing the formation of symmetric quasifission fragments. Furthermore, the study reveals a coupling mechanism between nuclear shell effects and entrance-channel conditions during fragment formation, offering a clear physical interpretation for advancing the understanding of reaction dynamics in superheavy element synthesis.

We constrain the nuclear matter equation of state (EOS) within the relativistic mean field model by including the isoscalar-vector and isovector-vector coupling term at a fundamental level using Bayesian analysis. We utilized the nuclear saturation properties and recent astrophysical observations to constrain the EOS of dense matter. We obtained approximately 20 000 sets of equations of state from sampling about $6\times {10}^7$ sets of equations of state. All 20 000 equations of state satisfy nuclear matter saturation properties at saturation densities and produce high mass neutron stars (NSs). In our findings, we find that the nonzero value of the scalar-vector and isovector-vector coupling parameter and the negative value of the sigma meson self-coupling stiffen the EOS. Our sets of equations of state produce NSs of mass larger than $2.5M_{\odot }$ to include the recent gravitational waves observation GW190814.

A series of findings in machine learning (ML) and decay theory are captured while exploring the role of deformation and preformation factors in $\alpha$ decay. We provide a novel and practical paradigm for developing physics-driven ML in nuclear physics research by introducing known decay theory and statistical correlation analysis. Furthermore, this analysis verifies the Geiger-Nuttall law, and the relationship between the decay energy and $\alpha$ formation amplitude, also releases a signal that nuclei with hexadecapole deformation are more likely to form $\alpha$ clusters. In particular, we identify two novel phenomena, shape inheritance, in which the deformation properties are partially transmitted from parent to daughter nuclei; and half-life inversion due to shape staggering of adjacent even-even nuclei. This phenomenon occurs frequently in neutron-deficient nuclei near lead isotopes, which is consistent with shape coexistence in experiments. Surprisingly, it reappeared within the predicted half-life of the 119 and 120 isotope chains in the eighth period of the periodic table. The half-life considering the inversion effect is preferable for the study of new nuclides and shape coexistence in experiments.

We study the connection between accidental symmetries in the nuclear interaction and spin entanglement in two-nucleon scattering. Specifically, we incorporate different levels of Wigner $\text{SU(4)}$ and Serber symmetries into leading-order potentials derived from chiral effective field theory. We conduct a quantitative analysis by computing the full $S$ matrix, demonstrating that the neutron-proton spin entanglement can be related to the symmetry properties of the interaction and the presence of certain operators and partial waves. Furthermore, we study the order-by-order evolution of the spin entanglement, up to next-to-next-to-leading order in Weinberg power counting, for both neutron-proton and neutron-neutron scattering. Entanglement suppression is not observed in neutron-neutron scattering, which can be attributed to the Pauli principle and the absence of accidental symmetries in this system. We conclude that entanglement is a useful guide for studying the power counting and symmetries in nuclear interactions derived from effective field theories.

The origin of the so-called gallium anomaly in neutrino detection, first observed in the 1990s, remains an open question. The half-life of the ${}^{71}\mathrm{Ge}$ nucleus plays a crucial role in addressing this issue, as it is directly related to the neutrino absorption cross section. Given its significance, and despite two recent measurements [Collar and Yoon, Phys. Rev. C 108, L021602 (2023) and Norman et al., Phys. Rev. C 109, 055501 (2024)] performed with similar techniques, there remains a need to verify these results using an independent experimental approach. In this work, we report a new measurement employing a different technique and obtain a half-life of $T_{1/2}$ = 11.476 $\pm$ 0.004 days. This result is consistent with previous values but achieves the highest precision to date. Our findings confirm that the gallium anomaly cannot be attributed to an unexpectedly longer half-life of ${}^{71}\mathrm{Ge}$, thereby leaving the anomaly's origin unresolved.

Motivated by the LHCb Collaboration's observation of the doubly charmed tetraquark state $T_{cc}\left(3875\right)$, we systematically explore the potential existence of doubly charmed pentaquark states using the resonating group method within the quark delocalization color screening model framework. The effective potential of the two involved hadrons and the bound-state dynamics are included in the present work. Moreover, we have also calculated the scattering phase shifts of open channels with channel coupling, aiming to identify possible resonance states. Our estimations suggest that the existence of a bound state with quantum numbers $I\left(J^P\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left({\frac{5}{2}}^{-}\right)$ and a mass of approximately 4461.7 MeV. Furthermore, five resonance states are predicted through coupled-channels analysis, which are ${\mathrm{\Xi }}_{cc}\rho$ and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c{D}^{*}$ with $I\left(J^P\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left({\frac{1}{2}}^{-}\right), {\mathrm{\Lambda }}_c{D}^{*}$ and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c^{*}{D}^{*}$ with $I\left(J^P\right)=\frac{1}{2}\left({\frac{3}{2}}^{-}\right)$, and ${\mathrm{\Sigma }}_c{D}^{*}$ with $I\left(J^P\right)=\frac{3}{2}\left({\frac{1}{2}}^{-}\right)$, respectively. The existence of these predicted doubly charmed pentaquark states needs to be supported by experimental measurements and discoveries. We hope future experiments will provide evidence for these states.

Conformal prediction is a distribution-free and model-agnostic uncertainty-quantification method that provides finite-sample prediction intervals with guaranteed coverage. In this work, for the first time, we apply conformal prediction to generate uncertainty bands for physical observables in nuclear physics, such as the total cross section and nucleon-nucleon phase shifts. We demonstrate the method's flexibility by considering three scenarios: (i) a pointwise model, where expansion coefficients in chiral effective field theory are treated as random variables; (ii) a Gaussian-process model for the coefficients; and (iii) phase shifts at various energies and partial waves calculated using local interactions from chiral effective field theory. In each case, conformal-prediction intervals are constructed and validated empirically. Our results show that conformal prediction provides reliable and adaptive uncertainty bands even in the presence of non-Gaussian behavior, such as skewness and heavy tails. These findings highlight conformal prediction as a robust and practical framework for quantifying theoretical uncertainties.

The lifetime of the $2_1^{+}$ state of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Pb}$ was measured in the ${}^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$(${}^{18}\mathrm{O}$, ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$)${}^{210}\mathrm{Pb}$ two-neutron transfer reaction by $\gamma$-ray spectroscopy employing the recoil-distance Doppler-shift method. The extracted absolute $B\left(E2\right)\downarrow$ value of ${119}_{-8}^{+9}{e}^2{\mathrm{fm}}^4$ is consistent with previously reported measurements, but with significantly improved precision. The available experimental data for the $2_1^{+}\text{−}{4}_1^{+}\text{−}{6}_1^{+}\text{−}{8}_1^{+}$ multiplet are compared with shell-model calculations based on the well-established Kuo-Herling interaction. The new $B\left(E2\right)\downarrow$ value agrees well with the shell-model prediction, providing evidence that the properties of the $2_1^{+}$ and $8_1^{+}$ states of ${}^{210}\mathrm{Pb}$ can be consistently described together within the nuclear shell-model framework.

Near the $\beta$-stability line, nuclei with magic numbers are expected to exhibit spherical ground states. However, mass measurements of neutron-rich nuclei near the $N=20$ island of inversion have indicated an excess in the binding energies. These results, together with subsequent spectroscopic studies and theoretical works, point to the structural evolution from normal configurations to intruder-deformed configurations characterized by particle-hole excitations across the shell gap. Despite evidence of intruder-dominant ground states for the ${}^{30,31}\mathrm{Na}$ isotopes in the vicinity of $N=20$, a question remains as to whether the deformation persists into the ground-state bands beyond the first excited states. Here we report on a heavy-ion inelastic scattering measurement performed with GRETINA, the TRIPLEX device, and the S800 spectrograph to study the low-lying excitations in neutron-rich ${}^{30,31}\mathrm{Na}$. The observed gamma rays for the $\left(4^{+}\right)\to \left(3^{+}\right), \left(3^{+}\right)\to 2_{\text{g.s.}}^{+}$, and $\left(4^{+}\right)\to 2_{\text{g.s.}}^{+}$ decays in ${}^{30}\mathrm{Na}$ and for the $(7/2^{+})\to (5/2^{+})$ and $(5/2^{+})\to 3/2_{\text{g.s.}}^{+}$ decays in ${}^{31}\mathrm{Na}$ were used to extract the reduced transition probabilities $B(E2\uparrow )$. We report the first measurement of the $B(E2\uparrow )$ between the $3/2_{\text{g.s.}}^{+}$ and the $(7/2^{+})$ states in ${}^{31}\mathrm{Na}$. The results from this study are compared to shell-model calculations, confirming the persistence of large collectivity in the low-lying excited states consistent with the formation of the well-deformed ground-state bands in ${}^{30,31}\mathrm{Na}$.

Background: At intermediate energies, transfer reactions are suppressed because the momentum-matching condition is difficult to satisfy. In the standard distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA), a high momentum component of the transferred particle is required to match the large momentum transfer.

Purpose: We investigate the applicability of the distorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) for describing ($p,d$) transfer reactions at intermediate energies by performing a comparative study with the standard DWBA. DWIA, which has been successful for knockout reactions, is expected to provide an alternative reaction mechanism at this energy region.

Methods: Both DWBA and DWIA formalisms are applied to the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$($p,d$)${}^{15}\mathrm{O}$ reaction at 200 MeV. In DWBA the reaction is described as a neutron pickup, while in DWIA it is treated as a quasielastic scattering from a preformed deuteron cluster in the target.

Results: The DWBA calculation is in good agreement with the experimental data, reproducing both the angular distribution and the absolute magnitude of the cross section with a reasonable spectroscopic factor. In contrast, the DWIA calculation, while qualitatively reproducing the trend of the angular distribution, severely underestimates the cross section by about two orders of magnitude.

Conclusions: Our findings suggest that conventional DWBA provides a more suitable description for the ${}^{16}\mathrm{O}$($p,d$)${}^{15}\mathrm{O}$ reaction at 200 MeV. The failure of DWIA in this case, unlike its success in knockout reactions, raises open questions about its applicability to transfer reactions. This motivates the need for systematic investigations to delineate the applicability of both reaction mechanisms under various conditions.

The ${}^{242}\mathrm{Pu}$(${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}, 3n$)${}^{289}\mathrm{Lv}$ reaction has been studied at the gas-filled separator DGFRS-2 at the SHE Factory at Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research. The experiment was carried out at the excitation energy of the compound nucleus ${}^{292}\mathrm{Lv} E^{*}=36$ MeV, 5 MeV lower than in Oganessian et al. [Phys. Rev. C 112, 014603 (2025)], to measure the ${}^{242}\mathrm{Pu}+{}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$ reaction excitation function and to determine the decay properties of new Lv isotopes with better accuracy. We have registered one decay chain of ${}^{289}\mathrm{Lv}$ and descendant nuclei with properties that are in agreement with those previously measured in the three decay chains of ${}^{289}\mathrm{Lv}$. The spontaneous fission of ${}^{281}\mathrm{Cn}$ was observed in this chain for the first time. A decline in $E^{*}$ led to a drop of the total fusion-evaporation cross section by about an order of magnitude, from $540\begin{array}{c}+410\\ -250\end{array}$ fb to $54\begin{array}{c}+141\\ -46\end{array}$ fb. Such a decrease is different from the results of recent calculations of the excitation functions of reactions ${}^{249}\mathrm{Bk}, {}^{249}\mathrm{Cf}+{}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$ predicting a maximum cross section for the $3n$ channel at $E^{*}\approx 31–36\mathrm{MeV}$. From the analysis of theoretical and experimental data, it follows that the maxima of the excitation functions of the reactions of ${}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$ with ${}^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$ and ${}^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$ will be close to that of the ${}^{242}\mathrm{Pu}+{}^{50}\mathrm{Ti}$ reaction.

The Glauber model is a widely used framework for describing the initial conditions in high-energy nuclear collisions. TGlauberMC is a Monte Carlo implementation of this model that enables detailed, event-by-event calculations across various collision systems. In this work, I present an updated version of TGlauberMC (v3.3), which incorporates recent theoretical developments and improved parametrizations, especially relevant for small collision systems. I focus on the oxygen–oxygen (OO), neon–neon (NeNe), and proton-oxygen ($p\mathrm{O}$) collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in July 2025, where precise modeling of nuclear geometry and fluctuations is essential. The updated version includes revised nuclear density profiles and an enhanced treatment of nucleon substructure. Geometrical cross sections for all relevant collision systems are calculated, and initial-state observables are explored to provide predictions for particle production trends at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.36$ TeV. In particular, a prediction for the centrality dependence of midrapidity multiplicity in OO and NeNe collisions is obtained. The updated code is publicly available to support the heavy-ion community with a robust and flexible tool for studying strongly interacting matter in small and intermediate-sized nuclear systems.

We investigate dimuon production in the context of a first-order phase transition in QCD matter using a chiral fluid dynamics model. This approach incorporates nonequilibrium effects such as entropy production and reheating, which emerge during the dynamical evolution through a first-order phase transition. By comparing equilibrium and nonequilibrium scenarios across a range of beam energies ($\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.2–6.2$ GeV), we analyze the resulting invariant mass spectra. Our results reveal a substantial enhancement of dilepton yields in the nonequilibrium scenario, particularly pronounced at lower beam energies, where reheating leads to a prolonged lifetime of the fireball and increased emission. The enhancement persists even after normalizing to pion multiplicities, indicating sensitivity beyond effects of entropy production.