Beryllium enriched to 5% in ${}_{}{}^{10}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ has been extracted from neutron-irradiated carbon, and has been used for targets in nuclear spectroscopy. The cross section for the production of ${}_{}{}^8{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Li}$ via deuteron bombardment of ${}_{}{}^{10}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ has been measured from 0.67 to 3.0 MeV, and the production cross section of ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ has been measured from 2.3 to 12 MeV. The yield for both reactions varies smoothly with bombarding energy, and no resonance in ${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{B}$ is seen. From magnetic spectroscopy of the ${}_{}{}^{10}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}(d, p)$ reaction, the mass excess of ${}_{}{}^{11}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ is found to be 20.174±0.007 MeV (${}_{}{}^{12}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{C}$=0) and the excitation energy of the first excited level to be 318 ± 7 keV. The angular distribution of protons populating the 318-keV level is an $l_n=1\mathrm{}$ pattern, implying $J^{\pi }={\frac{1}{2}}^{-} or {\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$.

We have formulated a theory of nuclear scattering for overlapping potentials between the incident particle and each of the target nucleons, without using the impact-parameter approximation of Feshbach. As the nuclear internal Hamiltonian is important for the overlap in the potentials, we include in the energy denominators a term which is dependent on the nuclear internal Hamiltonian, as well as the term which is linear in the momentum transfers. A correction to the Glauber model, due to the overlap in the potentials, is obtained from the principal part of the denominators. The correction reduces both the total cross section and the forward differential cross section by about 15%. We define the "effective solid angle for scattering" to be the total cross section divided by the forward differential cross section. From this quantity we can determine nuclear correlation independently of the correction due to the overlap in the potentials. Range parameters for nuclear correlation functions are obtained from existing data.

The cross sections for production of ${}_{}{}^{39}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$, ${}_{}{}^{38}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$, ${}_{}{}^{37}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$, ${}_{}{}^{34m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$, ${}_{}{}^{29}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$, ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Al}$, ${}_{}{}^{28}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$, ${}_{}{}^{27}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Mg}$, ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$, ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$, ${}_{}{}^{18}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{F}$, and ${}_{}{}^7{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Be}$ from the proton spallation of argon at 310, 425, and 578 MeV are reported. Experimental production rates and experimental production ratios of the various radioisotopes to ${}_{}{}^{38}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Cl}$ are compared to theoretical spallation yield calculations. Applications of the cross sections to health physics problems associated with high-energy accelerators and to studies of atmospheric processes are discussed.

Cross sections for the production of ${}_{}{}^{22}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ and ${}_{}{}^{24}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Na}$ have been determined from targets between magnesium ($Z=12\mathrm{}$) and selenium ($Z=34\mathrm{}$) with 100-, 200-, and 300-MeV protons. The main feature of the results is the exponential decrease of the cross sections with increasing target atomic number or neutron number for values up to $Z\simeq 30$ and $N\simeq 37$. This feature has been found to be consistent with the cross-section dependence predicted on the basis of a cascade-evaporation mechanism. Maxima are also observed in the cross-section distributions at atomic numbers greater than $Z=30\mathrm{}$. It appears that these maxima are caused by nonconventional cascade-evaporation events, since they have thresholds below 200 MeV. A major breakup process in which one of the fragments has greater stability is suggested as a possible mechanism.

Angular distributions of $\gamma$-ray spectra from the ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{46}(p, \gamma ){\mathrm{V}}^{47}$ reaction were observed at the resonances $E_p=1095.4, 1127.0, \mathrm{and} 1285.7$ keV. Accurate level energies and a revised $Q$ value of 5167.9±1.5 keV were obtained. Branching ratios and multipolarity mixing ratios for numerous transitions were determined. The 2.175-MeV level was found to have spin $\frac{5}{2}$. The resonance levels at $E_p=1095\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 1286$ keV [$E_X\left({\mathrm{V}}^{47}\right)=6.241\mathrm{} \mathrm{and} 6.425$ MeV] were found to have spin $\frac{3}{2}$. The resonance at $E_p=1127\mathrm{}$ keV ($E_X=6.271\mathrm{}$ MeV) has been tentatively identified as the isobaric analog state of the 2.163-MeV level in ${\mathrm{Ti}}^{47}$, with $J^{\pi }={\frac{3}{2}}^{-}$.

The $0^{+}$, $T=2\mathrm{}$ states of $A=40\mathrm{}$ nuclei were calculated by diagonalizing representative nuclear forces in the complete $2\hslash \omega$ basis of 80 states. Both a phenomenological force and a realistic force were employed. When the single-particle energies were corrected in a manner suggested by previous calculations, the realistic force made a good fit to the experimental data. The results for the phenomenological force and the traditional single-particle energies did not fit the data. Many more low-lying $0^{+}$ states in ${}_{}{}^{40}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ar}$ are predicted than have been seen experimentally.

High-resolution measurements of the differential cross section for elastic proton scattering on ${\mathrm{Si}}^{29}$ have been performed in the energy range $E_p=1.1-2.5\mathrm{}$ MeV, which corresponds to the range $E_X\left({\mathrm{P}}^{30}\right)=6.7-8.1\mathrm{}$ MeV. Twenty-four resonances were observed, including ten previously unreported resonances. For all but two resonances, the proton orbital momenta were determined, and, in many cases, unique spin assignments were made. Partial proton widths or strengths are given for all resonances. Five $1^{-}$ resonances were observed with the unusually large total $p$-wave reduced width ${{\theta }_p}^2=1.14\mathrm{}$ in the elastic channel. Similarly, four $2^{-}$ resonances appear with a total $p$-wave reduced width ${{\theta }_p}^2=0.68\mathrm{}$. For the $1^{-}$ resonances, both $p_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $p_{\frac{3}{2}}$ elastic scattering contribute strongly. Two definite, and one probable, $4^{-}$ resonances were observed with a total $f$-wave reduced width ${{\theta }_p}^2=0.15\mathrm{}$. The yield of inelastically scattered protons from the first excited state of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{29}$ was measured in the energy range $E_p=1.9-2.5\mathrm{}$ MeV. Eleven resonances were observed, including three previously unreported resonances. The resonance strengths were measured relative to the known strength of the 1302-keV resonance in the ${\mathrm{Si}}^{29}(p, \gamma ){\mathrm{P}}^{30}$ reaction. For the resonances with known spin, the partial inelastic proton widths were obtained.

Employing ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{40}$ as the core, the odd-parity states of ${\mathrm{Sc}}^{43}$ and ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{43}$ are calculated within the shell-model framework using the reaction matrix elements of the Hamada-Johnston nucleon-nucleon potential as calculated by Kuo and Brown. The three extracore particles are considered to occupy the $0f-1p$ orbitals. The effect of including the additional $0g_{\frac{9}{2}}$ orbital is also investigated. The odd-mass calcium isotopes (${\mathrm{Ca}}^{43}$, ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{45}$, and ${\mathrm{Ca}}^{47}$) are then described by the modified Tamm-Dancoff approximation (MTDA) method and the results are compared with the shell-model calculations of Federman and Talmi and of Engeland and Osnes that had been carried out in a much more restricted configuration space. The MTDA calculations are also performed with the reaction matrix elements of the Tabakin interaction for comparison with the Hamada-Johnston results.

${}_{}{}^{44}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}(d, p){}_{}{}^{45}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ stripping, corresponding to the various excited states of ${}_{}{}^{45}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$, has been calculated by including the effect of excitation of the $2^{+}$ state of the ${}_{}{}^{44}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{Ca}$ core in the stripping process. In this calculation, the term appearing in the stripping amplitude from the protoncore residual interaction has been retained, and its effect has been found to be quite important. It has been concluded that in the cases where the stripping cross section is very small, the usual distorted-wave Born-approximation analysis, which ignores the above effect, may lead one to incorrect conclusions. On the whole, our calculated cross sections show some of the so-called nonstripping features which have been recently observed in a large number of stripping experiments.

The mean lifetimes of the levels of ${}_{}{}^{34}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ below 5.0-MeV excitation energy have been measured by the Doppler-shift attentuation method. The ${}_{}{}^{31}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{P}(\alpha , p){}_{}{}^{34}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{S}$ reaction was used to populate these states. GaP targets evaporated onto 1-μ Ni foils were bombarded with $\alpha$ particles ranging in energy from 5.0 to 7.3 MeV. $\gamma$ rays were detected with a 30-cc Ge(Li) detector at 0, 90, and 143° to the beam axis. The following mean lifetimes were found: $\tau (2.13-\mathrm{MeV}\mathrm{level})=400\mathrm{}\pm 32$ fsec, $\tau \mathrm{}\left(3.30\right)=175\mathrm{}\pm 25$ fsec, $\tau \mathrm{}\left(3.92\right)>1.39\mathrm{}$ psec, $\tau \mathrm{}\left(4.07\right)<24\mathrm{}$ fsec, $\tau \mathrm{}\left(4.11\right)=110\mathrm{}\pm 10$ fsec, $\tau \mathrm{}\left(4.62\right)=135\mathrm{}\pm 17$ fsec, $\tau \mathrm{}\left(4.69\right)=131\mathrm{}\pm 13$ fsec, $\tau \mathrm{}\left(4.88\right)=(57\mathrm{}\pm 22 \mathrm{fsec})$,, $\tau \mathrm{}\left(4.89\right)=(52\mathrm{}\pm 14 \mathrm{fsec})$.

The yields of all rare-gas products, including stable species, with half-lives >10 h, produced in 3- and 29-GeV proton bombardment of Cu, Ag, Au, and U were measured. Mass-spectrometric measurements of ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20}$, ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{21}$, ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{38}$, ${\mathrm{Kr}}^{83}$, and ${\mathrm{Xe}}^{131}$ represent total chain yields for these mass numbers. Spallation processes can account for Ne yields from Cu; Ar and Kr from Ag; and Xe from Au. Fission and spallation mechanisms satisfactorily describe the Kr from Au and the Kr and Xe from U. Ne and Ar yields from Au and U do not seem to be formed by spallation and fission processes, but appear to result from the same processes which lead to high yields of even lighter fragments previously observed in high-energy reactions.

Thirty-two levels in ${\mathrm{Lu}}^{174}$ have been observed up to an excitation energy of 1628 keV utilizing 12-MeV deuterons and the reaction ${\mathrm{Lu}}^{175}(d, t){\mathrm{Lu}}^{174}$. The ground-state $Q$ value was determined to be -1400±15 keV. The spectrum has been interpreted in terms of the coupling of the [404↓] Nilsson proton orbital with the neutron orbitals prominent in the ($d, t$) spectrum of ${\mathrm{Yb}}^{173}$. This interpretation has resulted in the determination of relative energies due to the residual neutron-proton interaction for seven different configurations. The observed singlet-triplet splitting energies for the [512↑], [521↓], and [521↑] neutron orbitals coupled to the [404↓] proton orbital were measured to be -110, +80, and -90 keV, respectively. Theoretical calculations of these energies made for a zero-range spin-dependent central potential gave values of -106, +71, and -77 keV, respectively. The remarkable agreement indicates that the spin-spin interaction can account for most, if not all, of the singlet-triplet splitting energy.

An analysis of semiconductor detector measurements of ternary-fission events indicates that scattering has probably not been effectively eliminated. An alternative interpretation of the observed results is given, which is consistent with the presence of scattered fission fragments. A mass or nuclear-charge identification for the third fragment in such experiments is suggested to establish unequivocal results.

Early measurements of pionic x-ray energies and widths in ${\mathrm{Th}}^{232}$ and ${\mathrm{U}}^{238}$ have suggested the possibility of an anomalous effect for the interaction between high-$Z$ nuclei and a pion in the $4f$ atomic state. We have remeasured the $5g\to 4f$ x-ray energies and widths in these isotopes, and we compare them with a calculation which considers the distortion of the nucleus. A small disagreement between theory and experiment persists, but it is probably due to uncertainties in the calculation of the strong-interaction effects.

The line shape of the 6.65-eV neutron absorption resonance of ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ is calculated for ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ bound in a U${\mathrm{O}}_2$ lattice. The calculation uses the formalism of Nelkin and Parks, in which the line shape for a chemically bound nucleus is given in terms of an intermediate scattering function associated with slow-neutron scattering by the crystal. In previously published work, the intermediate scattering function has been calculated from the distribution of normal-mode frequencies for the crystal. For a nonprimitive lattice like U${\mathrm{O}}_2$, however, it is necessary to use a normal-mode frequency distribution weighted by the squared moduli of polarization vectors describing the vibrations of the ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ atoms. Significant errors in the line shape are shown to result if this weighted distribution is not used. The weighted distribution in the present calculation is based on the realistic lattice-dynamical model for U${\mathrm{O}}_2$ of Dolling, Cowley, and Woods; and the time integral in the Nelkin-Parks formalism is carried out directly by numerical procedures. The results thus provide essentially exact line shapes for the case of a relatively complicated chemically bound system of interest in reactor applications. Comparisons are made at 50 and 296°K between the exact results and common approximations used in line-shape calculations based on Lamb's weak-binding limit.

Considerations based on the projection-operator method indicate the need for modifications of Alaga's asymptotic quantum-number selection rules for allowed beta transitions of deformed nuclei. Certain transitions previously classified as allowed-hindered can be expected to have beta moments only slightly smaller than those of allowed-unhindered transitions. The distribution of $log\mathrm{ft}$ values for the $150\le A\le 190$ region seems to show such an effect, and detailed calculations for several cases give results in agreement with the available data.

$\gamma -\gamma$ directional correlations have been measured for two cascades in the decay of 2.7-yr ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{125}$: 320-177 keV, $A_2=-0.15\mathrm{}\left(2\right)\mathrm{}$, $A_4=-0.04\mathrm{}\left(4\right)\mathrm{}$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(177\right)=0.9(+0.9, -0.4)$; 203-177 keV, $A_2=-0.52\mathrm{}\left(5\right)\mathrm{}$, $A_4=0.02\mathrm{}\left(5\right)\mathrm{}$, $\delta \mathrm{}\left(203\right)=1.0(+1.1, -0.4)$ for spin $\frac{11}{2}$ assigned to the 525-keV level in ${\mathrm{Te}}^{125}$. The present results are inconsistent with spin $\frac{9}{2}$ for this level.

The ($d, p$) reactions on ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{130,132,134,136,138}$ have been investigated with 12.0-MeV deuterons from the Argonne Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator. Proton spectra were recorded in a broad-range magnetic spectrograph. Many new levels were observed. The ground-state $Q$ values (in MeV) for the ($d, p$) reactions (including the odd-$A$ targets) are found to be 5.269 for $A=130, 4.977$ for $A=132, 4.746$ for $A=134, 6.886$ for $A=135, 4.680$ for $A=136, 6.398$ for $A=137, \mathrm{and} 2.493$ for $A=138\mathrm{}$. Proton angular distributions were measured for states up to an excitation energy of about 3 MeV. The observed angular momentum transfers were $l_n=0, 1, 2, 3, \mathrm{and} 5$, which correspond to the population of states of the $3s_{\frac{1}{2}}$ and $2d_{\frac{3}{2}}$ configurations below the closed neutron shell at $N=82\mathrm{}$ and the $2f_{\frac{7}{2}}$, $3p_{\frac{3}{2}}$, $3p_{\frac{1}{2}}$, $1h_{\frac{9}{2}}$, and $2f_{\frac{5}{2}}$ configurations above it. From the observed $l$ values, it was possible to assign spins in some isotopes from a knowledge of the spin in other isotopes by taking account of systematic shifts in the $Q$ values of levels and also from shell-model expectations. Distorted-wave Born-approximation calculations were used to extract absolute spectroscopic factors. The problems and uncertainties arising in such calculations were studied in some detail. They derive, in part, from the need to use a sharp radial cutoff to fit the experimental angular distributions; calculations with nonlocal potentials and finite-range approximations did not yield satisfactory fits. Another source of uncertainty is the dependence of the spectroscopic factors upon the geometric parameters of the bound-state potential well. The results are interpreted with the help of pairing theory; centers of gravity and single-particle energies are deduced.

Seventeen-MeV deuteron-induced ($d, t$) reactions on ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{110}$, ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{108}$, and ${\mathrm{Ru}}^{104}$ are used to complement ($d, p$) studies exciting the same final nuclei. Many new states are reported, and in several cases previous $I-\pi$ assignments are changed. The sum of spectroscopic factors gives roughly the same degree of filling as was found from the ($d, p$) work for the $s$ and $d$ states; further anomalous behavior was found for the $g_{\frac{7}{2}}$ and $h_{\frac{11}{2}}$ states. There is a tendency for the spectroscopic strength to be shifted to higher excitation energy in ($d, t$) reactions than in ($d, p$) reactions. There are strong similarities between the Pd and Ru isotopes as regards the number of nuclear states of each $I-\pi$ and the degree of filling of $s$ and $d$ states, but the $g_{\frac{7}{2}}$ state seems to be much less full in Ru than in Pd. In both Pd isotopes, there is a low-energy state (0.671 MeV in ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{109}$ and 0.781 MeV in ${\mathrm{Pd}}^{107}$) excited by $l=1\mathrm{}$ transitions in both ($d, p$) and ($d, t$) reactions, indicating that they probably include components with $2p$ holes and $3p$ particles.

A search for spontaneous fission isomerism in uranium and neptunium isotopes has resulted in the identification of a new isomer in ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ with a half-life of 195 ± 30 nsec. A measurement of the half-life of previously reported ${}_{}{}^{236m}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ gives a value of 105 ± 20 nsec. Excitation functions have been determined for the production of the spontaneous fission isomers of ${}_{}{}^{236}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ by deuteron bombardment of ${}_{}{}^{236}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ and ${}_{}{}^{238}{}_{}{}^{}\mathrm{U}$ targets. Isomer ratios have also been estimated. The low values of the isomer ratios and the failure to observe delayed fission in lighter uranium isotopes and in neptunium isotopes suggest that $\gamma$ decay may be the dominant mode of decay of shape isomers in this mass region.