Highlights

Toward scalable quantum computations of atomic nuclei

Chenyi Gu, Matthias Heinz, Oriel Kiss, and Thomas Papenbrock

Phys. Rev. C 113, 034321 (2026) - Published 24 March, 2026

Quantum computers offer new ways to solve the nuclear many-body problem, but realistic applications remain out of reach. Computations on a position-space lattice are promising as they exploit the short-range nature of nuclear forces. Using a local effective field theory Hamiltonian with two- and three-nucleon forces, this paper analyzes the resources required to compute ground states using adaptive variational algorithms. Demonstrations for the deuteron and helium-3 illustrate how such approaches may scale toward future quantum computations of nuclei.

First measurement of Σ+nΛp and Σ+nΣ0p cross sections via Σ+-nucleus scattering at an electron-positron collider

M. Ablikim et al. (BESIII Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. C 113, L032201 (2026) - Published 23 March, 2026

Experimental data on hyperon-nucleon interactions are scarce even though measurements of hyperon-nucleon scattering have been performed since the 1960s. This work takes advantage of 1010 J/ψ particles produced at an e+e collider to extract unique hyperon-nucleon cross sections. Following the decay J/ψΣ+Σ¯, the experiment tracked the nearly monoenergetic hyperons through the collider beam pipe and their interactions with bound neutrons in the pipe. Cross sections for two final states are extracted with >3σ sensitivity. These results should aid theory progress on hyperon-nucleon interactions and may be useful in constraining hyperons in the equation of state of neutron star cores.

Di-nucleons do not form bound states at heavy pion mass

John Bulava, M. A. Clark, Arjun S. Gambhir, Andrew D. Hanlon, Ben Hörz, Bálint Joó, Christopher Körber, Ken McElvain, Aaron S. Meyer, Henry Monge-Camacho, Colin Morningstar, Joseph Moscoso, Amy Nicholson, Fernando Romero-López, Ermal Rrapaj, Andrea Shindler, Sarah Skinner, Pavlos M. Vranas, and André Walker-Loud (Baryon Scattering Collaboration)

Phys. Rev. C 113, 024002 (2026) - Published 17 February, 2026

Predicting the low-energy, two-nucleon (NN) forces directly from quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the underlying theory of strong interactions, remains a challenge for theory. The authors present a high-statistics, technically sophisticated lattice QCD calculation of p-n and n-n scattering amplitudes at equal (heavy) pion and kaon masses of 714 MeV and find that deuteron and di-neutron bound states do not exist. The results help diagnose a long-standing disagreement in the literature regarding the methods used to determine the NN spectra and amplitudes with such calculations. The work represents a significant step toward deriving nuclear physics from first principles.

Charged particle scattering in renormalizable pionless effective field theory at next-to-leading order: The pd, dd, and pHe3 cases

Matúš Rojik, Martin Schäfer, Mirko Bagnarol, and Nir Barnea

Phys. Rev. C 113, 024001 (2026) - Published 13 February, 2026

This work presents an extensive theoretical and numerical study of charged few-nucleon systems (pd, dd, and p-3He bound states and scattering) in the framework of pionless effective field theory (EFT) up to next-to-leading order (NLO). The authors treat the Coulomb interaction nonperturbatively, while NLO interactions, including three-body forces and a four-body force, are treated in perturbation theory. Special attention is given to renormalization issues. Only a mild cutoff dependence is seen, consistent with the expectations of power counting in pionless EFT. The results hold significant promise for ab-initio studies of charged-particle scattering at very low energies, with applications to reactions of astrophysical interest.

Backscattering study of electrons from 0.1 to 3.4 MeV

M. Kanafani, X. Fléchard, O. Naviliat-Cuncic, R. Garreau, T. E. Haugen, L. Hayen, S. Leblond, E. Liénard, X. Mougeot, G. Quéméner, A. Rani, J.-C. Thomas, and S. Vanlangendonck

Phys. Rev. C 113, 025501 (2026) - Published 9 February, 2026

Benchmarking simulation codes for electron transport and scattering in matter is a crucial step for estimating uncertainties in precision measurements in β decay and other applications. This work reports the measurement and the quantitative analysis of backscattering probabilities of electrons in the energy range 0.1 to 3.4 MeV where experimental data are scarce. Using a setup for precise identification of backscattered events impinging on a YAP:Ce scintillator, the authors achieved meaningful agreement between simulations and experimental data covering a large range of energies and large incident angles. The results should help mitigate the usually large relative uncertainties considered for electron backscattering probabilities. Reaching an improved understanding of the systematic uncertainties at the percent level, compared to the previous 10% level, promises to be of high value to the community engaged in precision β spectroscopy.

Bayesian framework for the SE1(300 keV) and SE2(300 keV) factors for C12(α,γ)O16 from subthreshold and ground-state asymptotic normalization coefficients

A. M. Mukhamedzhanov

Phys. Rev. C 113, 025803 (2026) - Published 9 February, 2026

The 12C(α,γ)16O reaction sets the carbon-to-oxygen ratio after core helium burning and strongly influences late stellar evolution. Because direct measurements near E300 keV are not available, this work combines existing experimental constraints in a Bayesian analysis to determine a well-defined range for the astrophysical factors SE1(300 keV) and SE2(300 keV). The resulting S(300 keV) range has important implications for the final outcomes of massive stars, including the formation of heavy black-hole remnants relevant to gravitational-wave observations.

Electromagnetic moments of ground and excited states calculated in heavy odd-N open-shell nuclei

J. Dobaczewski, A. E. Stuchbery, G. Danneaux, A. Nagpal, P. L. Sassarini, and H. Wibowo

Phys. Rev. C 113, 024306 (2026) - Published 5 February, 2026

Nuclear moments are fundamental nuclear characteristics such as whether an individual nuclear state is deformed, or whether the nucleus carries its angular momentum as a collective whole or as individual nucleons with contributions from both their orbital motion and their intrinsic spin. However, calculations of nuclear moments have long been carried out mostly for certain classes of nuclei rather than seamlessly across an entire region. The authors report comprehensive calculations of spectroscopic magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments in odd-N, even-Z nuclei with their code HFODD. The calculations cover gadolinium to osmium nuclei, ranging from near-spherical to well-deformed nuclei, within nuclear density functional theory with the Skyrme functional UNEDEF1. Comparison with experimental data for 82 states without parameter adjustment demonstrates that the study captures the main features of magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moments. The holistic approach to an entire region of the nuclear chart provides valuable insight into the evolution of the underlying nuclear structure and will help guide future fine-tuning of the functionals.

Impact of shape coexistence on the symmetric to asymmetric fission mode transition in Th isotopes

Shengyuan Chen, Zeyu Li, Minghui Zhou, and Zhipan Li

Phys. Rev. C 113, 024601 (2026) - Published 2 February, 2026

The thorium isotopes exhibit a transition from symmetric to asymmetric fission. To study this transition, the authors carry out a systematic investigation of fission modes across the thorium isotopic chain, based on state-of-the-art microscopic models. They show that it is strongly correlated with rapid changes in the configuration of the nucleus at scission as the thorium isotopes become more neutron-rich. Furthermore, they find that the change in configuration is driven by a deformed shell closure for krypton and strontium isotopes which dominate the light asymmetric fragment yields. This work can point the way toward finding other isotopic chains where such fission-mode transitions occur.

Correlation of multiple physical quantities in multinucleon transfer reactions: Insight into production of isotopes near the N=152 shell closure

Zimeng Shen, Zehong Liao, and Long Zhu

Phys. Rev. C 113, L021601 (2026) - Published 2 February, 2026

Synthesizing neutron-rich superheavy elements such as those near the N=152 shell closure is experimentally challenging and requires reliable guidance from nuclear theory. This work reports on the multinucleon transfer (MNT) reaction 238U+238U to synthesize neutron-rich 244U. The authors use a semi-classical approach based on solving a master equation, the DNS-sysu model, to obtain the fragment distribution probability. Using a multidimensional analysis of the correlations among the scattering angle, the kinetic energy, and the angular momentum, the authors focus on how these physical parameters influence the optimal detection angle for 244U production. They find that the optimal production kinematic window corresponds to peripheral collisions with high angular momentum and kinetic energy, at a scattering angle near those for grazing collisions. The results can help guide experiments toward optimizing the detection geometry for MNT experiments to synthesize and detect 244U and similar neutron-rich actinides, which are important to better understand the evolution of nuclear stability near the predicted “island of stability” of superheavy elements.

Structure of high-lying excited states in Ca47 with 3 populated in fast-beam γ-ray-tagged one-neutron pickup reactions

T. Parry, A. Gade, B. A. Brown, D. Weisshaar, S. A. Gillespie, D. Bazin, T. Beck, P. C. Bender, J. Belarge, C. M. Campbell, B. A. Elman, K. W. Kemper, B. Longfellow, E. M. Lunderberg, and A. O. Macchiavelli

Phys. Rev. C 113, 014328 (2026) - Published 29 January, 2026

This work is a new and impressive example for the potential of γ-ray-tagged neutron-adding transfer reactions at high beam velocities. By tuning the desired angular momentum transfer, this reaction allows selecting specific neutron configurations and complements spectroscopic information from the more common neutron-removal and low-energy (d,p) transfer reactions. The experiment selectively populated excited states in 47Ca—a neighbor of the doubly magic 48Ca nucleus—based on 3 neutron configurations following one-neutron pickup by 46Ca from a 12C target, and recorded their decay with the GRETINA detector array. The experimental results demonstrate that the =3 spectroscopic strength is rather fragmented, in contrast to shell-model calculations, which predict it to be strongly concentrated in only a few states. The work not only suggests opportunities for a modern (d,p) measurement to complement the present selective high- data but more generally introduces γ-ray-tagged neutron-adding transfer reactions as a complementary tool for exploring neutron single-particle excitations.

Emergence of critical-point symmetry from a microscopic perspective: Evidence for Ba134 as the “softest” nucleus without definite shape

K. Kaneko, Y. Sun, T. Mizusaki, and N. Shimizu

Phys. Rev. C 113, 014327 (2026) - Published 28 January, 2026

The authors present new results for nuclear shape evolution and phase transitions from a comprehensive microscopic calculation based on the projected Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov plus generator coordinate method. They identify, in particular, the microscopic origins of the symmetries originally suggested by algebraic or geometric models. The calculations show that by taking 134Ba as the reference and varying the QQ strengths involving the quasi-SU(3) partners (1g9/2,2d5/2) and (1h11/2,2f7/2), one can reproduce the relevant IBM symmetries and the shape-critical behavior symmetries. The work also identifies a line, in a visual representation of the transitions between the symmetries, with Qs(21+) equal to zero dividing states indicative of prolate and oblate nuclear shapes.

Microscopic theory of angular momentum distributions across the full range of fission fragments

Petar Marević, Nicolas Schunck, and Marc Verriere

Phys. Rev. C 113, 014612 (2026) - Published 28 January, 2026

During fission, a heavy nucleus splits into two hot fragments that cool by emitting particles. To simulate this cooling process, the angular momentum distribution of the fragments is required. Historically, this has been described using simplified phenomenological models. In this work, advanced quantum-mechanical methods are used to predict, for the first time, the angular momentum distributions of all fragments observed experimentally. The calculations confirm a pronounced sawtooth pattern in the average angular momentum as a function of fragment mass, consistent with recent measurements. Moreover, substantial variations are predicted for isobaric nuclei, indicating that simplified models are not sufficiently accurate. The generated data are an important input for fission modeling based on robust quantum-mechanical methods, an effort relevant for fundamental science and technology.

Guide to nuclear polarization in muonic atoms

Mikhail Gorchtein

Phys. Rev. C 113, L011301 (2026) - Published 14 January, 2026

Many precision tests of the Standard Model require controlled understanding of nuclear structure. An example is precise knowledge of nuclear charge radii, which can be obtained from the x-ray spectra of muonic atoms. Such spectra themselves have important corrections, such as the induced nuclear polarization. This Letter presents a simple yet reliable collection of formulas to compute the nuclear polarization for light to medium-mass nuclides. These formulas encode information across bound-state QED, nuclear reactions, and hadronic interactions, and aim at providing better constraints in interpreting key experiments.

Detection of molecular hydrogen in a neutron beam lifetime experiment

J. Caylor, R. Biswas, B. Crawford, M. S. Dewey, N. Fomin, G. L. Greene, S. F. Hoogerheide, J. Hungria-Negron, H. P. Mumm, J. S. Nico, F. E. Wietfeldt, D. O. Valete, and J. Zuchegno

Phys. Rev. C 112, 065501 (2025) - Published 12 December, 2025

Precision knowledge of the neutron lifetime is important in predicting the cosmological abundance of helium following the Big Bang, the flux of solar neutrinos, and the influence of beyond-standard-model theories with new massive particles on electroweak interactions. However, the neutron lifetime puzzle—the several-standard-deviation discrepancy between the neutron storage “bottle” experiments and the neutron decay “beam” experiments—limits a confident extraction of the experimental lifetime. This work addresses a previously unquantified systematic effect in the beam experiments, the loss of trapped protons due to charge exchange with molecular hydrogen in the residual gas. These new results, using the BL2 experimental apparatus at NIST, provide direct information on the effects of charge exchange of protons and show that this effect is not responsible for the observed difference in lifetime from the two measurement techniques, concluding that the neutron lifetime puzzle remains.

β decay of the Tz=2 nucleus Se64 and its descendants: The T=2 isobaric multiplet

P. Aguilera et al.

Phys. Rev. C 112, 054319 (2025) - Published 20 November, 2025

Atomic nuclei within an isobaric multiplet have rather similar structure, and studying β decay between these nuclei is a powerful spectroscopy tool. An international team of researchers reports on a large amount of nuclear structure data for several nuclei near the proton dripline: 64Se, its isobar multiplet neighbor 64As, and 63Ge. 64Se is the heaviest Tz=2 nucleus that both β decays and has a stable mirror partner Tz=+2. The experiment used fragmentation from a high-intensity 78Kr beam at the RIKEN Nishina Center in Japan and recorded in addition to β-delayed γ rays also decay protons from states above the separation energy. The comprehensive spectroscopy led to new insights on the isobaric mass multiplet equation for the A=64 T=2 system, the heaviest multiplet where these studies are possible, and found good mirror symmetry. In also measuring the half-life of 64Se and revisiting the idea of the anti-analog state originally discussed for the A=56 system half a century ago, the work brings detailed nuclear decay studies very close to the proton drip line.

Microscopic optical potentials from a Green's function approach

G. H. Sargsyan, G. Potel, K. Kravvaris, and J. E. Escher

Phys. Rev. C 112, 054606 (2025) - Published 13 November, 2025

Phenomenological nuclear reaction models primarily rely on data from stable isotopes. It is uncertain how these models would perform when applied to reactions involving unstable, exotic isotopes the data of which are crucial for astrophysics, medicine, and energy applications. To address this challenge, the authors introduce a microscopic optical potential, derived from the Feshbach formalism and informed by the valence shell model. The work presents an innovative self-consistent, iterative approach for calculating the nonlocal Green’s function, forging a direct and systematic link between nuclear structure and reaction theory. Applied to n+24Mg elastic scattering, the new optical potential yields close agreement with experimental data, demonstrating a powerful and necessary tool for modeling reactions away from the valley of stability.

Modeling direct and pre-equilibrium processes of neutron-induced reactions with the noniterative finite amplitude method and with the distorted-wave Born approximation

Hirokazu Sasaki, Toshihiko Kawano, and Marc Dupuis

Phys. Rev. C 112, 054607 (2025) - Published 13 November, 2025

This work develops a fully microscopic framework for neutron-induced reactions to describe direct and one-step pre-equilibrium processes. The authors combine the noniterative finite-amplitude method (FAM) with the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA). The resulting FAM-QRPA+DWBA formalism employs the Skyrme effective interaction to derive quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) equations, which leads to a consistent and parameter-free treatment of neutron inelastic scattering to both discrete and continuum states. Applied to the 208Pb(n,n) reaction, the method accurately reproduces measured differential and double-differential cross sections across 7–25 MeV without empirical adjustments. The calculated spin distributions of residual nuclei agree with combinatorial 1p–1h systematics, demonstrating that the noniterative FAM-QRPA+DWBA approach provides an efficient and predictive tool for modeling neutron-induced reactions within a unified microscopic framework.

Nuclear cross sections from low-energy interactions

J. Boström, J. Rotureau, B. G. Carlsson, and A. Idini

Phys. Rev. C 112, L051602 (2025) - Published 13 November, 2025

Describing reactions with deformed nuclei remains a challenging task. The article proposes a microscopic method to consistently calculate cross sections and construct optical potentials for such systems, using symmetry breaking and restoration techniques. The formalism builds Green’s functions and self-energies from multiple reference states, with sum rules that allow truncation of the many-body space, overall reducing computational time. Applied to neutron scattering on 24Mg, the approach reproduces cross sections and demonstrates a promising path toward systematic microscopic optical potentials for heavy and deformed nuclei.

Unconventional Cu67 production using high-energy bremsstrahlung and cross section evaluation

M. Eslami, D. G. Jenkins, and M. Bashkanov

Phys. Rev. C 112, 054603 (2025) - Published 7 November, 2025

Photons in high-energy probe beams that pass through their intended target can be “reused” for making promising nuclides in nuclear medicine, new experiments show.

Two-neutrino 0+0+ double-β decay of Ca48 within the density-functional-theory–based no-core configuration-interaction framework

Jan Miśkiewicz, Maciej Konieczka, and Wojciech Satuła

Phys. Rev. C 112, 055502 (2025) - Published 6 November, 2025

This work describes the first calculation of a nuclear matrix element for the two-neutrino double-beta transition (2νββ 48Ca48Ti) within a recently developed theory framework, no-core configuration-interaction based on density-functional theory (DFT-NCCI). The authors build on a tested approach, and explicitly include nuclear deformation. A clever choice of the single-particle wave functions reduces the computational effort. The result obtained for this transition is complementary to those obtained in other nuclear frameworks, giving confidence in modeling this very rare process with DFT-NCCI. This is not only relevant for modeling 2νββ decay in heavier nuclei within a unified formalism but is also highly relevant for modeling the 0νββ decay process for which nuclear matrix elements differ significantly between various approaches.

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