Physical Review Applied - Volume 16 Issue 1

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Rapid Microwave-Only Characterization and Readout of Quantum Dots Using Multiplexed Gigahertz-Frequency Resonators

Damaz de Jong, Christian G. Prosko, Daan M. A. Waardenburg, Lin Han, Filip K. Malinowski, Peter Krogstrup, Leo P. Kouwenhoven, Jonne V. Koski, and Wolfgang Pfaff

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014007 (2021) - Published 2 July, 2021

For mesoscopic quantum devices, efficient characterization and high-fidelity readout using only microwave resonators is of great practical interest, especially to investigate the large parameter space frequently occurring in semiconducting devices. This work shows how dc conductance measurements can be substituted with rf measurements through the implementation of gigahertz-frequency resonators. It also demonstrates multiplexed dispersive gate sensing, which detects electron hybridization with high sensitivity, compatible with applications in quantum information processing. These results present intriguing opportunities for high-speed measurement of quantum transport.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Investigation of Microwave Loss Induced by Oxide Regrowth in High-Q Niobium Resonators

J. Verjauw, A. Potočnik, M. Mongillo, R. Acharya, F. Mohiyaddin, G. Simion, A. Pacco, Ts. Ivanov, D. Wan, A. Vanleenhove, L. Souriau, J. Jussot, A. Thiam, J. Swerts, X. Piao, S. Couet, M. Heyns, B. Govoreanu, and I. Radu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014018 (2021) - Published 8 July, 2021

To improve the performance of state-of-the-art superconducting quantum devices, microwave loss due to defects at amorphous interfacial layers must be reduced, via proper surface treatment. The authors study niobium resonators after removing native oxides by HF etching, which reduces losses about tenfold and yields a quality factor of $7 \times 10^{6}$ in the single-photon limit. Losses reappear as oxides form upon exposure to air; Nb $_{2}$ O $_{5}$ is the only surface oxide that grows significantly in the first week. These findings are of interest for a panoply of devices, inluding superconducting qubits, quantum-limited amplifiers, microwave kinetic-inductance detectors, and single-photon detectors.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Superconducting Microstrip Losses at Microwave and Submillimeter Wavelengths

S. Hähnle, K. Kouwenhoven, B. Buijtendorp, A. Endo, K. Karatsu, D.J. Thoen, V. Murugesan, and J.J.A. Baselmans

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014019 (2021) - Published 8 July, 2021

Dielectric losses in superconducting microstrips often limit the performance of superconducting integrated devices at microwave and submillimeter wavelengths. Our current understanding of these losses is limited, though, especially at submillimeter wavelengths, due to a lack of experimental data. This study presents a chip that enables accurate loss measurements in both wavelength ranges. Data for a (Nb,Ti)N/ $a$ -Si/(Nb,Ti)N microstrip reveal much higher loss at submillimeter than at microwave wavelengths frequencies, which cannot be explained by the standard two-level-system model. This system should be very useful in further exploring these losses, to yield improved devices.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Quantum Chemistry Treatment of Silicon-Hydrogen Bond Rupture by Nonequilibrium Carriers in Semiconductor Devices

Markus Jech, Al-Moatasem El-Sayed, Stanislav Tyaginov, Dominic Waldhör, Foudhil Bouakline, Peter Saalfrank, Dominic Jabs, Christoph Jungemann, Michael Waltl, and Tibor Grasser

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014026 (2021) - Published 9 July, 2021

Silicon-hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in modern microelectronics, especially regarding reliability. At the semiconductor-oxide interface these bonds are broken via interaction with energetic charge carriers, which spoils a MOSFET’s performance, for example. This study develops a consistent physical picture of that phenomenon through a bottom-up approach based on quantum mechanical formulations, and also unravels the disparity of that effect in $n -$ and $p -$ MOSFETs. The model is free of empirical parameters and can easily be extended to emerging material combinations.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Optical Readout of the Néel Vector in the Metallic Antiferromagnet ${Mn}_{2} Au$

Vladimir Grigorev, Mariia Filianina, Stanislav Yu. Bodnar, Sergei Sobolev, Nilabha Bhattacharjee, Satya Bommanaboyena, Yaryna Lytvynenko, Yurii Skourski, Dirk Fuchs, Mathias Kläui, Martin Jourdan, and Jure Demsar

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014037 (2021) - Published 15 July, 2021

Metallic antiferromagnets featuring broken inversion symmetry—Mn $_{2}$ Au in particular—are appealing for spintronic devices, but an effective readout scheme for the direction of the Néel vector is required. Here a team of researchers uses polarization-modulation spectroscopy to isolate the near-infrared magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) of Mn $_{2}$ Au. The MLD seems to be the result of band-structure anisotropy induced by spin-orbit coupling, and the corresponding anisotropy in interband optical transitions. Such a detection mechanism can be used for ultrafast optical readout of the Néel vector, and thus the information stored in the alloy’s staggered magnetization.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Metagratings for Perfect Mode Conversion in Rectangular Waveguides: Theory and Experiment

Vinay Kumar Killamsetty and Ariel Epstein

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014038 (2021) - Published 15 July, 2021

Mode converters play a paramount role in waveguide systems, as they are used to implement power splitters and mode launchers, or to enhance channel capacity. Typical realizations require complex structural deformations, and designs often rely on time-consuming full-wave optimization. This study harnesses the versatile diffraction-control capabilities of metagratings to devise a straightforward, semianalytic scheme for the synthesis of printed-circuit-board rectangular-waveguide TE $_{10}$ -TE $_{20}$ mode converters, and verifies the results via experiment. This simple, modular approach could unlock the great potential of metagratings in a wide variety of electromagnetic applications.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Homogenization Theory of Space-Time Metamaterials

P.A. Huidobro, M.G. Silveirinha, E. Galiffi, and J.B. Pendry

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014044 (2021) - Published 19 July, 2021

The theory of homogenization of material parameters has been a cornerstone in the development of metamaterials. The conventional framework, however, is not applicable to the $s p a t i o t e m p o r a l$ metamaterials that give access to additional wave phenomena, thanks to properties tailored not only in space but also in time. This study presents an analytic framework for the homogenization theory of space-time metamaterials, and yields physical insight into their behavior, including regimes of nonreciprocity and conditions for huge effective bianisotropy. This approach also deepens our understanding of the connections between space-time modulations and moving matter.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Adaptive-Optics-Enabled Quantum Communication: A Technique for Daytime Space-To-Earth Links

Mark T. Gruneisen, Mark L. Eickhoff, Scott C. Newey, Kurt E. Stoltenberg, Jeffery F. Morris, Michael Bareian, Mark A. Harris, Denis W. Oesch, Michael D. Oliker, Michael B. Flanagan, Brian T. Kay, Johnathan D. Schiller, and R. Nicholas Lanning

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014067 (2021) - Published 29 July, 2021

Robust quantum channels between satellites and Earth are essential for the anticipated quantum Internet, but remain challenging in daylight, when background photons vastly outnumber qubit photons. Insufficient understanding of atmospheric propagation and turbulence compensation has led to approaches based on prohibitively narrow spectral filtering and unnecessarily low channel efficiencies. This field experiment uses adaptive optics to maximize efficiency while spatially filtering sky noise at the theoretical limit, enabling quantum communication over the daytime sky hemisphere. Requirements for spectral filtering are relaxed enough to accommodate present-day sources of entangled photons.

LETTER

All-Optical Experimental Control of High-Harmonic Photon Energy

Lénárd Gulyás Oldal, Peng Ye, Zoltán Filus, Tamás Csizmadia, Tímea Grósz, Massimo De Marco, Zsolt Bengery, Imre Seres, Barnabás Gilicze, Péter Jójárt, Katalin Varjú, Subhendu Kahaly, and Balázs Major

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, L011001 (2021) - Published 1 July, 2021

This study demonstrates the spectral tunability of an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) light source based on high-order harmonic generation driven by double pulses in a gas. By changing the time separation (comparable to the pulse duration) between pulses, the spectral characteristics of the harmonics can be controlled easily. Adding an XUV monochromator, one can build an XUV source that allows quick and simple modification of the central photon energy and bandwidth of the harmonics, which paves the way to a wide range of applications, including chemical-composition mapping, transient absorption spectroscopy, and XUV coherence tomography.

LETTER

Electron Round Lenses with Negative Spherical Aberration by a Tightly Focused Cylindrically Polarized Light Beam

Yuuki Uesugi, Yuichi Kozawa, and Shunichi Sato

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, L011002 (2021) - Published 9 July, 2021

The interaction of electrons with a cylindrically distributed optical standing wave has not attracted much attention, despite its suitability for electron-optical imaging systems. This study shows that the action of a round lens for electrons is provided by a tightly focused, cylindrically polarized Bessel-Gauss (BG) beam. Here an azimuthally polarized BG beam acts as a convex lens with a negative (opposite sign) spherical aberration, compared to conventional electrostatic or magnetic round lenses. This approach shows a way to light-based electron-optical technology and advances in matter-wave optics.

LETTER

Lens-Free Optical Detection of Thermal Motion of a Submillimeter Sphere Diamagnetically Levitated in High Vacuum

Fang Xiong, Peiran Yin, Tong Wu, Han Xie, Rui Li, Yingchun Leng, Yanan Li, Changkui Duan, Xi Kong, Pu Huang, and Jiangfeng Du

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, L011003 (2021) - Published 13 July, 2021

Levitated oscillators with millimeter or submillimeter sizes are particularly attractive due to their potential role in research areas such as detecting high-frequency gravitational waves, dark matter, dark energy, and establishing high-precision compact gravitometers and accelerometers. However, it remains a challenge to achieve efficient measurement of the oscillator’s motion. A lens-free highly sensitive submillimeter diamagnetically levitated oscillator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated with detection precision that enables us to observe the oscillator’s thermal motion. The acceleration sensitivity measured is down to $9.7 \times 10^{- 10}$ g/ $\sqrt{H z}$ at room temperature.

LETTER

Negative Transient Flux in the Near Field of a Subwavelength Source

Xiao Li, Pengqi Li, Ming-Hui Lu, Mathias Fink, and Guancong Ma

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, L011004 (2021) - Published 23 July, 2021

The emission of waves by a source is often analyzed in the Fourier domain, which hampers the discovery of transient wave phenomena. Based on a fully temporal analysis, the authors observe in acoustic experiments that the energy can flow backward for short durations in the near field of a deep-subwavelength source in a homogenous medium. Through an impedance analysis, this negative transient flux phenomenon is ascribed to the geometry of the outgoing field. This finding is generic and may find applications in emission and scattering scenarios and could be useful for designing time-varying media.

S-Shaped Current-Voltage Characteristics of $n^{+}$ - $i$ - $n$ - $n^{+}$ Graphene Field-Effect Transistors due to the Coulomb Drag of Quasiequilibrium Electrons by Ballistic Electrons

V. Ryzhii, M. Ryzhii, V. Mitin, M.S. Shur, and T. Otsuji

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014001 (2021) - Published 1 July, 2021

Acoustic Vortices via Nonlocal Metagratings

Zhilin Hou, Hua Ding, Nengyin Wang, Xinsheng Fang, and Yong Li

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014002 (2021) - Published 1 July, 2021

Rich Near-Infrared Chiral Behavior in Diffractive Metasurfaces

E. Petronijevic, A. Belardini, T. Cesca, C. Scian, G. Mattei, and C. Sibilia

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014003 (2021) - Published 1 July, 2021

Connection between Optical Frequency Combs and Microwave Frequency Combs Produced by Active-Mode-Locked Lasers Subject to Timing Jitter

D.S. Citrin

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014004 (2021) - Published 2 July, 2021

Learning Order Parameters from Videos of Skyrmion Dynamical Phases with Neural Networks

Weidi Wang, Zeyuan Wang, Yinghui Zhang, Bo Sun, and Ke Xia

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014005 (2021) - Published 2 July, 2021

Quantum Keyless Private Communication Versus Quantum Key Distribution for Space Links

A. Vázquez-Castro, D. Rusca, and H. Zbinden

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014006 (2021) - Published 2 July, 2021

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Rapid Microwave-Only Characterization and Readout of Quantum Dots Using Multiplexed Gigahertz-Frequency Resonators

Damaz de Jong, Christian G. Prosko, Daan M. A. Waardenburg, Lin Han, Filip K. Malinowski, Peter Krogstrup, Leo P. Kouwenhoven, Jonne V. Koski, and Wolfgang Pfaff

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014007 (2021) - Published 2 July, 2021

For mesoscopic quantum devices, efficient characterization and high-fidelity readout using only microwave resonators is of great practical interest, especially to investigate the large parameter space frequently occurring in semiconducting devices. This work shows how dc conductance measurements can be substituted with rf measurements through the implementation of gigahertz-frequency resonators. It also demonstrates multiplexed dispersive gate sensing, which detects electron hybridization with high sensitivity, compatible with applications in quantum information processing. These results present intriguing opportunities for high-speed measurement of quantum transport.

Optical Near-Field Electron Microscopy

Raphaël Marchand, Radek Šachl, Martin Kalbáč, Martin Hof, Rudolf Tromp, Mariana Amaro, Sense J. van der Molen, and Thomas Juffmann

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014008 (2021) - Published 6 July, 2021

Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Demonstration of a Chirped Pulse-Train Generator and its Potential for Efficient Cooling of Positronium

K. Yamada, Y. Tajima, T. Murayoshi, X. Fan, A. Ishida, T. Namba, S. Asai, M. Kuwata-Gonokami, E. Chae, K. Shu, and K. Yoshioka

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014009 (2021) - Published 6 July, 2021

Diffusive Spin Transport in Narrow Two-Dimensional-Electron-gas Channels

F. Eberle, D. Schuh, D. Bougeard, D. Weiss, and M. Ciorga

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014010 (2021) - Published 6 July, 2021

Optical-Magnetometry-Based Current Source

Peter A. Koss, Reza Tavakoli Dinani, Luc Bienstman, Georg Bison, and Nathal Severijns

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014011 (2021) - Published 6 July, 2021

Tunable Non-Hermitian Acoustic Filter

S. Puri, J. Ferdous, A. Shakeri, A. Basiri, M. Dubois, and H. Ramezani

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014012 (2021) - Published 6 July, 2021

Dynamical Backaction in an Ultrahigh-Finesse Fiber-Based Microcavity

Felix Rochau, Irene Sánchez Arribas, Alexandre Brieussel, Sebastian Stapfner, David Hunger, and Eva M. Weig

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014013 (2021) - Published 7 July, 2021

Fabrication, Characterization, and Simulation of Glass Devices with $Al N$ Thin-Film Transducers for Excitation of Ultrasound Resonances

André G. Steckel, Henrik Bruus, Paul Muralt, and Ramin Matloub

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014014 (2021) - Published 7 July, 2021

Electromagnetic Scattering by Networks of High-Permittivity Thin Wires

Carlo Forestiere, Giovanni Miano, and Bruno Miranda

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014015 (2021) - Published 7 July, 2021

Efficient Spin-Orbit-Torque Switching Assisted by an Effective Perpendicular Field in a Magnetic Trilayer

Tianyi Ma, Caihua Wan, Jing Dong, Chenyang Guo, Mingkun Zhao, Xiao Wang, Yu Zhang, Guoqiang Yu, and Xiufeng Han

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014016 (2021) - Published 7 July, 2021

Time-Varying Components for Enhancing Wireless Transfer of Power and Information

Prasad Jayathurathnage, Fu Liu, Mohammad S. Mirmoosa, Xuchen Wang, Romain Fleury, and Sergei A. Tretyakov

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014017 (2021) - Published 7 July, 2021

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Investigation of Microwave Loss Induced by Oxide Regrowth in High-Q Niobium Resonators

J. Verjauw, A. Potočnik, M. Mongillo, R. Acharya, F. Mohiyaddin, G. Simion, A. Pacco, Ts. Ivanov, D. Wan, A. Vanleenhove, L. Souriau, J. Jussot, A. Thiam, J. Swerts, X. Piao, S. Couet, M. Heyns, B. Govoreanu, and I. Radu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014018 (2021) - Published 8 July, 2021

To improve the performance of state-of-the-art superconducting quantum devices, microwave loss due to defects at amorphous interfacial layers must be reduced, via proper surface treatment. The authors study niobium resonators after removing native oxides by HF etching, which reduces losses about tenfold and yields a quality factor of $7 \times 10^{6}$ in the single-photon limit. Losses reappear as oxides form upon exposure to air; Nb $_{2}$ O $_{5}$ is the only surface oxide that grows significantly in the first week. These findings are of interest for a panoply of devices, inluding superconducting qubits, quantum-limited amplifiers, microwave kinetic-inductance detectors, and single-photon detectors.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Superconducting Microstrip Losses at Microwave and Submillimeter Wavelengths

S. Hähnle, K. Kouwenhoven, B. Buijtendorp, A. Endo, K. Karatsu, D.J. Thoen, V. Murugesan, and J.J.A. Baselmans

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014019 (2021) - Published 8 July, 2021

Dielectric losses in superconducting microstrips often limit the performance of superconducting integrated devices at microwave and submillimeter wavelengths. Our current understanding of these losses is limited, though, especially at submillimeter wavelengths, due to a lack of experimental data. This study presents a chip that enables accurate loss measurements in both wavelength ranges. Data for a (Nb,Ti)N/ $a$ -Si/(Nb,Ti)N microstrip reveal much higher loss at submillimeter than at microwave wavelengths frequencies, which cannot be explained by the standard two-level-system model. This system should be very useful in further exploring these losses, to yield improved devices.

Nonlinear Dynamics of Topological Ferromagnetic Textures for Frequency Multiplication

D.R. Rodrigues, J. Nothhelfer, M. Mohseni, R. Knapman, P. Pirro, and K. Everschor-Sitte

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014020 (2021) - Published 8 July, 2021

Ultrathin Composite Metasurface for Absorbing Subkilohertz Low-Frequency Underwater Sound

Ye Gu, Houyou Long, Ying Cheng, Mingxi Deng, and Xiaojun Liu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014021 (2021) - Published 8 July, 2021

Robust Wireless Power Transfer with Minimal Field Exposure Using Parity-Time Symmetric Microwave Cavities

Sungik Park, Jongheon Lee, and Sanghoek Kim

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014022 (2021) - Published 8 July, 2021

Inverse Design of Plasma Metamaterial Devices for Optical Computing

Jesse A. Rodríguez, Ahmed I. Abdalla, Benjamin Wang, Beicheng Lou, Shanhui Fan, and Mark A. Cappelli

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014023 (2021) - Published 9 July, 2021

Quantum Computing with Superconducting Circuits in the Picosecond Regime

Daoquan Zhu, Tuomas Jaako, Qiongyi He, and Peter Rabl

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014024 (2021) - Published 9 July, 2021

Single-Photon Detection with a Josephson Junction Coupled to a Resonator

Dmitry S. Golubev, Evgeni V. Il’ichev, and Leonid S. Kuzmin

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014025 (2021) - Published 9 July, 2021

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Quantum Chemistry Treatment of Silicon-Hydrogen Bond Rupture by Nonequilibrium Carriers in Semiconductor Devices

Markus Jech, Al-Moatasem El-Sayed, Stanislav Tyaginov, Dominic Waldhör, Foudhil Bouakline, Peter Saalfrank, Dominic Jabs, Christoph Jungemann, Michael Waltl, and Tibor Grasser

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014026 (2021) - Published 9 July, 2021

Silicon-hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in modern microelectronics, especially regarding reliability. At the semiconductor-oxide interface these bonds are broken via interaction with energetic charge carriers, which spoils a MOSFET’s performance, for example. This study develops a consistent physical picture of that phenomenon through a bottom-up approach based on quantum mechanical formulations, and also unravels the disparity of that effect in $n -$ and $p -$ MOSFETs. The model is free of empirical parameters and can easily be extended to emerging material combinations.

Considering Photoinduced Second-Harmonic Generation as a dc Kerr Optical Parametric Oscillation or Amplification Process

Xiyuan Lu and Kartik Srinivasan

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014027 (2021) - Published 12 July, 2021

Noncollinear Remanent Textures Induced by Surface Spin Flop in Synthetic Antiferromagnets with Perpendicular Anisotropy

Benny Böhm, Lorenzo Fallarino, Darius Pohl, Bernd Rellinghaus, and Olav Hellwig

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014028 (2021) - Published 12 July, 2021

Large Voltage-Tunable Spin Valve Based on a Double Quantum Dot

Patrycja Tulewicz, Kacper Wrześniewski, Szabolcs Csonka, and Ireneusz Weymann

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014029 (2021) - Published 12 July, 2021

Nonvolatile and Volatile Skyrmion Generation Engineered by Ionic Liquid Gating in Ultrathin Films

Yao Zhang, Guy Dubuis, Colin Doyle, Tane Butler, and Simon Granville

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014030 (2021) - Published 12 July, 2021

Large Thermal Rectification in a Solid-State Thermal Diode Constructed of Iron-Doped Nickel Sulfide and Alumina

Xuekai Zhang, Peng Tong, Jianchao Lin, Kun Tao, Xuelian Wang, Lulu Xie, Wenhai Song, and Yuping Sun

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014031 (2021) - Published 13 July, 2021

Electrically Controllable Van Der Waals Antiferromagnetic Spin Valve

Xuechao Zhai, Ziming Xu, Qirui Cui, Yingmei Zhu, Hongxin Yang, and Yaroslav M. Blanter

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014032 (2021) - Published 13 July, 2021

Doping-induced Polar Defects Improve the Electrocaloric Performance of ${Ba}_{0.9} {Sr}_{0.1} {Hf}_{0.1} {Ti}_{0.9} O_{3}$

Junning Li, Jing Lv, Dawei Zhang, Lixue Zhang, Xihong Hao, Ming Wu, Bai-Xiang Xu, Mojca Otonicar, Turab Lookman, Brahim Dkhil, and Xiaojie Lou

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014033 (2021) - Published 13 July, 2021

Room-Temperature Spin-Transport Properties in an ${In}_{0.5} {Ga}_{0.5} As$ Quantum Dot Spin-Polarized Light-Emitting Diode

Kohei Etou, Satoshi Hiura, Soyoung Park, Kazuya Sakamoto, Junichi Takayama, Agus Subagyo, Kazuhisa Sueoka, and Akihiro Murayama

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014034 (2021) - Published 14 July, 2021

Bayesian Quantum Multiphase Estimation Algorithm

Valentin Gebhart, Augusto Smerzi, and Luca Pezzè

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014035 (2021) - Published 14 July, 2021

Topological Cavity Based on Slow-Light Topological Edge Mode for Broadband Purcell Enhancement

Xin Xie, Sai Yan, Jianchen Dang, Jingnan Yang, Shan Xiao, Yunuan Wang, Shushu Shi, Longlong Yang, Danjie Dai, Yu Yuan, Nan Luo, Ting Cui, Gaohong Chi, Zhanchun Zuo, Bei-Bei Li, Can Wang, and Xiulai Xu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014036 (2021) - Published 14 July, 2021

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Optical Readout of the Néel Vector in the Metallic Antiferromagnet ${Mn}_{2} Au$

Vladimir Grigorev, Mariia Filianina, Stanislav Yu. Bodnar, Sergei Sobolev, Nilabha Bhattacharjee, Satya Bommanaboyena, Yaryna Lytvynenko, Yurii Skourski, Dirk Fuchs, Mathias Kläui, Martin Jourdan, and Jure Demsar

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014037 (2021) - Published 15 July, 2021

Metallic antiferromagnets featuring broken inversion symmetry—Mn $_{2}$ Au in particular—are appealing for spintronic devices, but an effective readout scheme for the direction of the Néel vector is required. Here a team of researchers uses polarization-modulation spectroscopy to isolate the near-infrared magnetic linear dichroism (MLD) of Mn $_{2}$ Au. The MLD seems to be the result of band-structure anisotropy induced by spin-orbit coupling, and the corresponding anisotropy in interband optical transitions. Such a detection mechanism can be used for ultrafast optical readout of the Néel vector, and thus the information stored in the alloy’s staggered magnetization.

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Metagratings for Perfect Mode Conversion in Rectangular Waveguides: Theory and Experiment

Vinay Kumar Killamsetty and Ariel Epstein

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014038 (2021) - Published 15 July, 2021

Mode converters play a paramount role in waveguide systems, as they are used to implement power splitters and mode launchers, or to enhance channel capacity. Typical realizations require complex structural deformations, and designs often rely on time-consuming full-wave optimization. This study harnesses the versatile diffraction-control capabilities of metagratings to devise a straightforward, semianalytic scheme for the synthesis of printed-circuit-board rectangular-waveguide TE $_{10}$ -TE $_{20}$ mode converters, and verifies the results via experiment. This simple, modular approach could unlock the great potential of metagratings in a wide variety of electromagnetic applications.

Controlling Domain-Wall Nucleation in $Ta$ / $Co$ - $Fe$ - $B$ / $Mg O$ Nanomagnets via Local ${Ga}^{+}$ Ion Irradiation

Simon Mendisch, Fabrizio Riente, Valentin Ahrens, Luca Gnoli, Michael Haider, Matthias Opel, Martina Kiechle, Massimo Ruo Roch, and Markus Becherer

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014039 (2021) - Published 15 July, 2021

Logic Gates Based on Synthetic Antiferromagnetic Bilayer Skyrmions

Mouad Fattouhi, Kai Yu Mak, Yan Zhou, Xichao Zhang, Xiaoxi Liu, and Mohamed El Hafidi

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014040 (2021) - Published 15 July, 2021

Influence of the Electric Potential on Charge Extraction and Interface Recombination in Perovskite Solar Cells

Christian Ahläng, Mathias Nyman, and Ronald Österbacka

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014041 (2021) - Published 16 July, 2021

Numerical Study of Nanosecond Pulsed Laser Impact on a Water Droplet

Zhenyu Zhao and Weizhong Li

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014042 (2021) - Published 16 July, 2021

Anomalous Magneto-Optical Effects in an Antiferromagnet–Topological-Insulator Heterostructure

Amrit De, Tonmoy K. Bhowmick, and Roger K. Lake

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014043 (2021) - Published 16 July, 2021

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Homogenization Theory of Space-Time Metamaterials

P.A. Huidobro, M.G. Silveirinha, E. Galiffi, and J.B. Pendry

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014044 (2021) - Published 19 July, 2021

The theory of homogenization of material parameters has been a cornerstone in the development of metamaterials. The conventional framework, however, is not applicable to the $s p a t i o t e m p o r a l$ metamaterials that give access to additional wave phenomena, thanks to properties tailored not only in space but also in time. This study presents an analytic framework for the homogenization theory of space-time metamaterials, and yields physical insight into their behavior, including regimes of nonreciprocity and conditions for huge effective bianisotropy. This approach also deepens our understanding of the connections between space-time modulations and moving matter.

Coherence Protection of Electron Spin in Earth-Field Range by All-Optical Dynamic Decoupling

Peiyu Yang, Guzhi Bao, L. Q. Chen, and Weiping Zhang

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014045 (2021) - Published 19 July, 2021

Passive Nonlinear Optical Isolators Bypassing Dynamic Reciprocity

Yiqi Hu, Yihong Qi, Yu You, Shicheng Zhang, Gongwei Lin, Xiaolin Li, Jiangbin Gong, Shangqing Gong, and Yueping Niu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014046 (2021) - Published 19 July, 2021

Magnetic Coupling in $Y_{3} {Fe}_{5} O_{12} / {Gd}_{3} {Fe}_{5} O_{12}$ Heterostructures

S. Becker, Z. Ren, F. Fuhrmann, A. Ross, S. Lord, S. Ding, R. Wu, J. Yang, J. Miao, M. Kläui, and G. Jakob

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014047 (2021) - Published 19 July, 2021

Conformational changes of a membrane protein determined by infrared difference spectroscopy beyond the diffraction limit

Raffaella Polito, Maria Eleonora Temperini, Eglof Ritter, Ljiljana Puskar, Ulrich Schade, Matthias Broser, Peter Hegemann, Leonetta Baldassarre, Michele Ortolani, and Valeria Giliberti

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014048 (2021) - Published 20 July, 2021

Thermal Conductivity of Diamond Mosaic Crystals Grown by Chemical Vapor Deposition: Thermal Resistance of Junctions

V.G. Ralchenko, A.V. Inyushkin, Guoyang Shu, Bing Dai, I.A. Karateev, A.P. Bolshakov, A.A. Khomich, E.E. Ashkinazi, E.V. Zavedeev, Jiecai Han, and Jiaqi Zhu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014049 (2021) - Published 20 July, 2021

Skyrmion Transport Modified by Surface Terraces in Magnetic Multilayers

Linjie Liu, Weijin Chen, and Yue Zheng

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014050 (2021) - Published 20 July, 2021

Thermal Control of the Intrinsic Magnetic Damping in a Ferromagnetic Metal

José Holanda, O. Alves Santos, and Sergio M. Rezende

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014051 (2021) - Published 21 July, 2021

Superconducting Circuits without Inductors Based on Bistable Josephson Junctions

I. I. Soloviev, V. I. Ruzhickiy, S. V. Bakurskiy, N. V. Klenov, M. Yu. Kupriyanov, A. A. Golubov, O. V. Skryabina, and V. S. Stolyarov

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014052 (2021) - Published 21 July, 2021

Optomechanical Self-Stability of Freestanding Photonic Metasurfaces

Avinash Kumar, Daniel Kindem, and Ognjen Ilic

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014053 (2021) - Published 21 July, 2021

Multiangle Reconstruction of Domain Morphology with All-Optical Diamond Magnetometry

Lucio Stefan, Anthony K.C. Tan, Baptiste Vindolet, Michael Högen, Dickson Thian, Hang Khume Tan, Loïc Rondin, Helena S. Knowles, Jean-François Roch, Anjan Soumyanarayanan, and Mete Atatüre

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014054 (2021) - Published 22 July, 2021

Nonthermal Transport of Energy Driven by Photoexcited Carriers in Switchable Solid States of $Ge Te$

R. Gu, T. Perrault, V. Juvé, G. Vaudel, M. Weis, A. Bulou, N. Chigarev, A. Levchuk, S. Raetz, V.E. Gusev, Z. Cheng, H. Bhaskaran, and P. Ruello

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014055 (2021) - Published 22 July, 2021

Collaborative Learning of High-Precision Quantum Control and Tomography

Hai-Jin Ding, Bing Chu, Bo Qi, and Re-Bing Wu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014056 (2021) - Published 22 July, 2021

Radio-Frequency Reflectometry in Silicon-Based Quantum Dots

Y.-Y. Liu, S.G.J. Philips, L.A. Orona, N. Samkharadze, T. McJunkin, E.R. MacQuarrie, M.A. Eriksson, L.M.K. Vandersypen, and A. Yacoby

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014057 (2021) - Published 23 July, 2021

Acoustic Valley Spin Chern Insulators

Zhenxiao Zhu, Mou Yan, Jincheng Pan, Yating Yang, Weiyin Deng, Jiuyang Lu, Xueqin Huang, and Zhengyou Liu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014058 (2021) - Published 23 July, 2021

Arbitrarily Large Neutron Amplification in Subcritical Nuclear Reactors

Antoine Tilloy

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014059 (2021) - Published 26 July, 2021

Zone Refining of Ultrahigh-Purity Sodium Iodide for Low-Background Detectors

Burkhant Suerfu, Frank Calaprice, and Michael Souza

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014060 (2021) - Published 26 July, 2021

Autofocusing and Self-Healing Properties of Aberration Laser Beams in a Turbulent Media

Vasu Dev, Andra Naresh K. Reddy, Andrey V. Ustinov, Svetlana N. Khonina, and Vishwa Pal

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014061 (2021) - Published 27 July, 2021

Complex Permittivity and Permeability of Composite Materials Based on Carbonyl Iron Powder Over an Ultrawide Frequency Band

Vladimir N. Semenenko, Vladimir A. Chistyaev, Alexey A. Politiko, Sergey G. Kibets, Vladimir N. Kisel, Cameron P. Gallagher, Conor McKeever, Alastair P. Hibbins, Feodor Y. Ogrin, and J. Roy Sambles

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014062 (2021) - Published 27 July, 2021

Tunable Amplification and Cooling of a Diamond Resonator with a Microscope

Harishankar Jayakumar, Behzad Khanaliloo, David P. Lake, and Paul E. Barclay

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014063 (2021) - Published 27 July, 2021

Low-Loss Photonic Integrated Elements Based on Bound Bloch Surface Wave in the Continuum

Haoqi Luo, Xi Tang, Yonghua Lu, and Pei Wang

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014064 (2021) - Published 28 July, 2021

Vortex Harmonic Generation by Circularly Polarized Gaussian Beam Interacting with Tilted Target

Lingang Zhang, Baifei Shen, Zhigang Bu, Xiaomei Zhang, Liangliang Ji, Shan Huang, M. Xiriai, Zhangli Xu, Chen Liu, and Zhizhan Xu

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014065 (2021) - Published 28 July, 2021

Three-Dimensional Printed Ultrabroadband Terahertz Metamaterial Absorbers

Zhonglei Shen, Shengnan Li, Yafei Xu, Wei Yin, Liuyang Zhang, and Xuefeng Chen

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014066 (2021) - Published 28 July, 2021

EDITORS' SUGGESTION

Adaptive-Optics-Enabled Quantum Communication: A Technique for Daytime Space-To-Earth Links

Mark T. Gruneisen, Mark L. Eickhoff, Scott C. Newey, Kurt E. Stoltenberg, Jeffery F. Morris, Michael Bareian, Mark A. Harris, Denis W. Oesch, Michael D. Oliker, Michael B. Flanagan, Brian T. Kay, Johnathan D. Schiller, and R. Nicholas Lanning

Phys. Rev. Applied 16, 014067 (2021) - Published 29 July, 2021

Robust quantum channels between satellites and Earth are essential for the anticipated quantum Internet, but remain challenging in daylight, when background photons vastly outnumber qubit photons. Insufficient understanding of atmospheric propagation and turbulence compensation has led to approaches based on prohibitively narrow spectral filtering and unnecessarily low channel efficiencies. This field experiment uses adaptive optics to maximize efficiency while spatially filtering sky noise at the theoretical limit, enabling quantum communication over the daytime sky hemisphere. Requirements for spectral filtering are relaxed enough to accommodate present-day sources of entangled photons.

Volume 16, Issue 1

HIGHLIGHTED ARTICLES

LETTERS

ARTICLES

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