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Experimental Realization of a Colloidal Ratchet Effect in a non-Newtonian Fluid

Guillermo Camacho1, Alejandro Rodriguez-Barroso1, Oscar Martinez-Cano1, Jose R. Morillas1, Pietro Tierno2,3,4,*, and Juan de Vicente1

  • 1F2N2Lab, Magnetic Soft Matter Group and Excellence Research Unit ‘Modeling Nature’ (MNat), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, Granada 18071, Spain
  • 2Departament de Física de la Matèria Condensada, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
  • 3Institut de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain
  • 4Universitat de Barcelona Institute of Complex Systems (UBICS), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain

  • *ptierno@ub.edu
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Phys. Rev. Applied 19, L021001 – Published 21 February, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.L021001

Abstract

Shear thinning fluids represent a class of non-Newtonian media characterized by a decrease of the apparent viscosity when increasing the shear rate. Here we experimentally demonstrate a deterministic ratchet effect in such media that enables directed transport of microscopic particles under a square-wave magnetic force. The applied modulation is designed in such a way that it does not produce any average speed when the particles are dispersed in a Newtonian fluid (e.g., water). However, in a dilute biopolymer solution, we observe the emergence of a net colloidal current when the forcing wave is composed of different amplitudes and time durations within a single period. The shear thinning nature of the dispersing medium nonlinearly raises the mean speed for strong forces, breaking the spatial symmetry of the particle displacement and generating a net colloidal transport. We complement our findings with numerical simulations that capture well the underlying physical mechanism, showing good agreement with the experimental results. Our technique to ratchet magnetic particles could be potentially extended in active microrheology to probe other non-Newtonian, complex fluids and to infer the nonlinear properties of viscoelastic materials.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 19, L021001– Published 21 February, 2023
  • Received 20 July 2022
  • Revised 10 January 2023
  • Accepted 30 January 2023
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