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Colloquium: Spin-orbit effects in superconducting hybrid structures

Morten Amundsen*, Jacob Linder†, Jason W. A. Robinson‡, Igor Žutić§, and Niladri Banerjee∥

Morten Amundsen*

  • Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Hannes Alfvéns väg 12, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden and Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway

Jacob Linder†

  • Center for Quantum Spintronics, Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway

Jason W. A. Robinson‡

  • Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom

Igor Žutić§

  • Department of Physics, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA

Niladri Banerjee∥

  • Department of Physics, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom

  • *morten.amundsen@ntnu.no
  • †jacob.linder@ntnu.no
  • ‡jjr33@cam.ac.uk
  • §zigor@buffalo.edu
  • ∥n.banerjee@imperial.ac.uk
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 96, 021003 – Published 28 May, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.96.021003

Abstract

Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) relates to the interaction between an electron’s motion and its spin and is ubiquitous in solid-state systems. Although the effect of SOC in normal-state phenomena has been extensively studied, its role in superconducting hybrid structures and devices elicits many unexplored questions. In conjunction with broken symmetries and material inhomogeneities within superconducting hybrid structures, SOC may have contributions beyond its effects in homogeneous materials. Notably, even with well-established magnetic or nonmagnetic materials and conventional s-wave spin-singlet superconductors, SOC leads to emergent phenomena including equal-spin-triplet pairing and topological superconductivity (hosting Majorana states), a modified current-phase relationship in Josephson junctions, and nonreciprocal transport, including superconducting diode effects. SOC is also responsible for transforming quasiparticles in superconducting structures, which enhances the spin Hall effect and changes the spin dynamics. Taken together, SOC in superconducting hybrid structures and the potential for electric tuning of the SOC strength create interesting possibilities to advance superconducting spintronic devices for energy-efficient computing and enable topological fault-tolerant quantum computing. By providing a description of experimental techniques and theoretical methods to study SOC, this Colloquium describes the current understanding of resulting phenomena in superconducting structures and offers a framework to select and design a growing class of materials systems where SOC plays an important role.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 96, 021003– Published 28 May, 2024
  • Received 25 October 2022
Article part of CHORUS
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