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Proton imaging of high-energy-density laboratory plasmas

Derek B. Schaeffer*, Archie F. A. Bott, Marco Borghesi, Kirk A. Flippo, William Fox, Julien Fuchs, Chikang Li, Fredrick H. Séguin, Hye-Sook Park et al.

Derek B. Schaeffer*

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA

Archie F. A. Bott

  • Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom

Marco Borghesi

  • School of Mathematics and Physics, The Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, United Kingdom

Kirk A. Flippo

  • Applied and Fundamental Physics (P-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87544, USA

William Fox

  • Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543, USA and Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA

Julien Fuchs

  • LULI-CNRS, CEA, UPMC Université Paris 06, Sorbonne Université, École Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Palaiseau, France

Chikang Li and Fredrick H. Séguin

  • Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

Hye-Sook Park

  • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA

Petros Tzeferacos

  • Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA

Louise Willingale

  • Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA

  • *derek.schaeffer@ucla.edu
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Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 045007 – Published 28 December, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.95.045007

Abstract

Proton imaging has become a key diagnostic for measuring electromagnetic fields in high-energy-density (HED) laboratory plasmas. Compared to other techniques for diagnosing fields, proton imaging is a measurement that can simultaneously offer high spatial and temporal resolution and the ability to distinguish between electric and magnetic fields without the protons perturbing the plasma of interest. Consequently, proton imaging has been used in a wide range of HED experiments, from inertial-confinement fusion to laboratory astrophysics. An overview is provided on the state of the art of proton imaging, including a discussion of experimental considerations like proton sources and detectors, the theory of proton-imaging analysis, and a survey of experimental results demonstrating the breadth of applications. Topics at the frontiers of proton-imaging development are also described, along with an outlook on the future of the field.

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Rev. Mod. Phys. 95, 045007– Published 28 December, 2023
  • Received 12 December 2022
Article part of CHORUS
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